,L 


ThJdn^ci    IP^oCttr 


A-.  ..>-0 


LATIN     LESSONS 


BY 

CHARLES    e/'bENNETT 

PROFESSOR   OF   LATIN    IN    CORNELL  UNIVERSITY 


-oo^O^oo- 


•  > '  J  » • '» 


ALLYN    AND    BACON 

Boston  nnti  Ctiirngo 


First  edition  printed  May,  1901. 

Reprinted  May,  1902;  February,  1903;  July,  1904;  April,  1906. 


COPYRIGHT,     190  1,    BY 
CHARLES   E.   BENNETT. 

EDUCATION  DEPt 

*^  •   ♦■■         "  *■  ..  .,  •:  •'   • 

^  -  •.•>.•..-  GIFT  or 


*  S.,r^- ,^v^^y.fl^jt-e_   Xvie, 


J„  S.  Gushing  &  Co.  —  Berwick  &  Smith  Co. 
Norwood,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 


PREFACE. 

The  present  work  is  new,  and  has  been  prepared 
in  response  to.  the  extensive  demand  for  a  beginner's 
book  suited  for  use  in  conjunction  with  the  Latin 
Grammar.  In  all  essentials  it  follows  the  plan  of 
my  Foundations  of  Latin,  published  in  1898.  Begin- 
ning with  Lesson  XVII,  it  has  been  found  possible  to 
introduce  a  number  of  simple  selections  of  continuous 
discourse,  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  add  an  element  of 
interest  to  the  book  without  detracting  from  its  dis- 
ciplinary value.  Most  of  these  selections  are  taken, 
with  the  consent  of  the  publishers  (Messrs.  Long- 
mans, Green  and  Co.),  from  Longmans'  Illustrated 
First  Latin  Reading  Book.  I  have  also  inserted  fre- 
quent ^review  lessons^  throughout  the  book. 

The  material  of  the  body  of  the  work  is  arranged 
in  sixty-six  'Lessons,'  a  designation  chosen  more  in 
view  of  its  convenience  and  familiarity  than  because 
the  single  '  Lessons '  were  deemed  to  represent  the 
normal  amount  of  work  to  be  prepared  for  each  class 
exercise.  Many  of  them  will  be  too  long,  probably, 
even  for  the  best  class.      Just  how  much  is  taken 


iv  Preface. 

will  vary  with  existing  conditions,  and  must  be  deter- 
mined by  the  teacher. 

Acknowledgments  are  hereby  tendered  to  Messrs. 
Longmans,  Green  and  Co.  for  their  kind  permission 
to  use  the  selections  taken  from  their  First  Latin 
Reading  Book,  also  to  Mr.  Homer  C.  Newton,  Clas- 
sical Scholar  of  Cornell  University,  who  lent  mo 
valuable  assistance  in  preparing  the  English-Latin 
exercises. 

CHARLES  E.  BENNETT. 

Cornell  University, 
May,  1901. 


PAGE 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

INTRODUCTORY. 

Alphabet.  —  Sounds.  —  Pronunciation.  —  Quantity.  —  Ac- 
cent.—  The  Parts  of  Speech.  —  Inflection.  —  Nouns. 
—  Gender.  —  Number.  —  Cases.  —  The  Five  Declen- 
sions          1 

INFLECTIONS. 
Nouns  and  Adjectives. 

LE880N 

I.     First  Declension.  —  Present  Indicative  Active  of 
the   First  Conjugation.  —  Subject.  —  Object.  — 

Agreement  of  Verb 2 

II.     Second  Declension.  —  Present  Indicative  of  Sum. 

—  Predicate  Nouns.  —  Appositives      ....       3 

III.  Adjectives  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions. 

— Agreement  of  Adjectives         ....        5 

IV.  Nouns  of  the  Third  Declension       ....        6 
V.     The  Third  Declension  (continued)  ...         7 

VI.     Gender  in  the   Third   Declension.  —  The   Fourth 

Declension. — The  Fifth  Declension   ...  8 
VII.     Adjectives   (continued).  —  Nine   Irregular  Adjec- 
tives.—  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension        .  9 
VIII.     Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension  (continued)     .  10 

IX.     Comparison  of  Adjectives 12 

X.     Formation  and  Comparison  of  Adverbs.  —  Numerals  13 

XI.     Review 14 

V 


VI 


Contents. 


Pronouns. 


LESSON 

XII. 


Personal,  Reflexive,  and  Possessive  Pronouns. 
—  Demonstrative  Pronouns    .... 

XIII.  Demonstrative   Pronouns  (continued).  —  The 

Intensive  Pronoun 

XIV.  Relative,    Interrogative,    and    Indefinite    Pro- 

nouns. —  Agreement  of  Relative  Pronouns    . 


PAGE 

15 
16 
17 


Verbs. 

XV.     Conjugation. — The  Four  Conjugations. — In- 
dicative of  Sum 19 

XVI.     Subjunctive,  Imperative,   Infinitive,  and  Par- 
ticiple of  Sum         .         .         .         .         .         .20 

XVII.     Indicative  Active  of  Amb.  —  Reading  Selection  : 

A  Dangerous  "Wedding 21 

XVIII.     Active  of  Amo  (continued)        ....       23 
XIX.     Indicative  Passive  of  Amb. — Reading   Selec- 
tion :  Old  Roman  Virtue        .         .         .         .       24 
XX.     Passive  of  Amb  (continued)      ....       25 

XXI.     Review 26 

XXII.     Active  Voice  of  Moneb 27 

XXIII.  Passive  Voice  of  3Ioneb.  — Reading  Selection  : 

The  Death  of  Epaminondas   ....       28 

XXIV.  Active  Voice  of  Hego 29 

XXV.     Passive  Voice  of  Bego. — Reading  Selection: 

How  the  Day  was  Saved        ....  31 

XXVI.  Active  Voice  of  Audio  .....  32 
XXVII.     Passive  Voice  of  Audio. — Reading  Selection: 

Horatius  at  the  Bridge 33 

XXVIII.     Verbs  in  ib  of  the  Third  Conjugation        .         .  35 


Contents.  vii 

LESSON  PAGE 

XXIX.     Deponent  Verbs.  —  Reading  Selection  :  How 

Corvinus  won  his  Name      ....       36 
XXX.     The  Periphrastic  Conjugations       ...       38 

XXXI.     Review 39 

XXXII.  Irregular  Verbs:  Compounds  of  Sum,  Pos- 
sum, Do.  —  Reading  Selection  :  The  Lamb 
and  the  Wolf 39 

XXXIII.  Irregular  Verbs  (continued) :  Few  and  Com- 

pounds         41 

XXXIV.  Irregular   Verbs    (continued)  :    Void,    Nolo, 

Mdlo,  Fid.     Reading  Selections  :  The  Phi- 
losopher and  the  King  ;  The  Fox  and  the 

Grapes 42 

XXXV.     Irregular  Verbs  (continued)  :  Ed.  —  Defective 

Verbs 44 

XXXVI.     Impersonal  Verbs.  —  Questions  and  Answers      45 
XXXVII.     Review 46 

SYNTAX. 

The  Cases. 

XXXVIII.     The  Accusative. — Reading  Selection  :  Incor- 
ruptible      .  ■ 47 

XXXIX.     The  Accusative  (continued)  ....  49 

XL.     The  Dative.  —  Reading  Selection  :  Two  Jests 

of  Cicero 50 

XLI.     The  Dative  (continued)  ....  52 

XLII.     The  Genitive.  — Reading  Selection  :  The  Frog 

and  the  Ox 53 

XLIII.     The  Genitive  (continued)       ....  54 

XLIV.     Review 55 

XLV.     The  Ablative  .......  56 


Vlll 


Conte7its. 


LESSON 

XLVI. 


XLVII. 
XL  VIII. 


The  Ablative  (continued).  — Reading  Selec- 
tion :  The  Sibylline  Books     .... 

The  Ablative  (continued)  .... 

The  Ablative  (continued).  —  Reading  Selec- 
tion :  The  Trojan  Horse         .... 


PAGE 

57 
59 

61 


Syntax  of  Adjectives  and  Pronouns. 

XLIX.     Syntax  of  Adjectives         .        . 

L.     Syntax  of  Pronouns  .         .         .        .         , 
LI.     Reviev7 


63 
64 
65 


Syntax  of  the  Moods. 

LII.  The  Subjunctive  in  Independent  Sentences: 
Hortatory,  Jussive,  and  Deliberative  Sub- 
junctive.—  Reading  Selection:  The  Haunted 
House.     Part  1 66 

LIII.     The  Optative  Subjunctive.  —  The  Potential  Sub- 
junctive.—  Imperative  .....       68 

LIV.     Moods  in  Dependent  Clauses.  —  Clauses  of  Pur- 
pose. —  Sequence  of  Tenses.  —  Reading  Selec- 
tion :  The  Haunted  House.     Fart  II.     .         .       69 
LV.     Clauses  of  Characteristic.  —  Resu.t  Clauses.  — 

Causal  Clauses 71 

LVI.  Temporal  Clauses :  Clauses  introduced  by  Post- 
quam,  TJt^  JJbi,  SimulAc,etc. —  Owm-Clauses. 
—  Reading  Selection  :  The  Sword  of  Damocles  72 
LVII.  Temporal  Clauses  (continued)  :  Clauses  intro- 
duced by  Antequam  and  Priusqiiam.  —  Clauses 
introduced  by  Dum^  Donee,  and  Quoad  .  74 
LVIII.     Revievi^ 76 


Contents.  ix 

LESSON  PAGE 

LIX.  Substantive  Clauses :  Substantive  Clauses  devel- 
oped from  the  Jussive.  —  Substantive  Clauses 

after  Verbs  of  hindering 76 

LX.  Substantive  Clauses  (continued)  :  Substantive 
Clauses  developed  from  the  Optative.  —  Sub- 
stantive Clauses  of  Result.  —  Indirect  Ques- 
tions. —  Reading  Selection  :  The  Boy  and  the 

Dolphin.     Part  1 77 

LXI.  Conditional  Sentences.  —  Clauses  introduced  by 
Quamvis?ix\di  Quamquam.  — Reading  Selection  : 
The  Boy  and  the  Dolphin.     Part  II.         .        .       79 

LXII.     Indirect  Discourse 80 

LXIII.     The   Infinitive.  —  Reading  Selection:    "If  You 

Want  a  Thing  Done,  —  " 82 

LXIV.     Participles 84 

LXV.     The   Gerund  and   Gerundive.  —  The  Gerundive 

Construction. — The  Supine      ....       85 
LXVI.     Review 86 

English-Latin  Exercises  on  Lessons  I.-XXXV.  .       87 


Selections  for  Reading  : 

Fables 

Roman  History    .         .        .        o        . 

Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading 

General  Latin-English  Vocabulary     . 

Englisii-Latin  Vocabulary     . 


103 
107 

126 

135 

168 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


abl. 

=  ablative. 

inf. 

=  infinitive. 

ace. 

=  accusative. 

inter rog. 

=  interrogative. 

adj. 

=  adjective. 

intr. 

=  intransitive. 

adv.    ^ 

=  adverb,  adverbial. 

lit. 

=  literally. 

c. 

=  common  {gender). 

masc. 

=  masculine. 

comp. 

=  comparative. 

n.,  neut. 

=  neuter. 

conj. 

=  conjunction. 

nom. 

=  nominative. 

dat. 

=  dative. 

p.,  pp. 

=  page,  pages. 

decl. 

=  declension. 

partic. 

=  participle. 

dep. 

=  deponent. 

pass. 

=  passive. 

e.g. 

=  exempli    gratia  = 

pi.,  plu. 

=  plural. 

for  example. 

prep. 

=  preposition. 

etc. 

=  et  cetera  =  and  so 

pres. 

=  present. 

forth. 

pron. 

=  pronoun. 

f. 

=  feminine. 

rel. 

=  relative. 

gen. 

=  genitive. 

sc. 

=  supply. 

i.e. 

=  id  est  =  that  is. 

sing. 

=  singular. 

impers. 

=  impersonal.,  imper- 

sup., super. 

=  superlative. 

sonally. 

tr.,  trans. 

=  transitive. 

indecl. 

=  indeclinable. 

w. 

=  imth. 

indie. 

=  indicative. 

1,  with  verbs 

=  1st  conjugation. 

X 


LATIN*  LESSONS. 


INTRODUCTORY. 
Alphabet,  Sounds,  pR^ifuxciAa/ioVi '  /^ 


J        o  >  J 


i     > 

5  J 


§§  1  ;  2  ;  3,  1-3. 
The  references  are  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar. 


Quantity  and  Accent. 
§§5,  A,  1,2;   5,  B,  1,2;  4;  6,1,2. 


The    Parts    of    Speech,    Gender,    Number,    The 
Cases,  The  Five  Declensions. 

§§  10  ;  11  ;  12  ;  13  ;  14  ;  15,  A,  1-3  ;  15,  B,  and  footnote  ;  16 ; 

17;  18;  19. 
1 


INFLECTIONS. 


-o-0>040o- 


NOUNS   AND   ADJECTIVES, 


LESSON   V 

First   Declension. -^- Fi^-sr  Coa'^jugation,  Present 

Indicative  Active. 

§§  20,  and  1  ;  21,  1  ;  101  (Present  Indicative)  ;  166;  166,  2; 

172;  254,  1  ;  195. 

1.  VOCABULARY. 

copia,    ae,    f. ,  plenty;   plu.,  occupo,  I  seize,  take  posses- 
copiae,       arum,      forces,  sion  of,  occupy, 

troops.  .  \/  ora,  ae,  f.,  coast. 

diligentia,  ae,  f.,  diligence.  paro,    I  get  ready,    prepare, 

et,  and.  procure;  icin. 

filia,  ae,  f.,  daughter.  '  pecunia,  ae,  f.,  money. 

Gallia,  ae,  f.,  Gaul.  '  provincia,  ae,  f.,  province. 

insula,  ae,  f.,  island.  renuntio,  I  announce,  report. 

laudo,  I  praise.  servo,  I  guard,  watch. 

Lucretia,  ae,  f.,  Lucretia,  a  victoria,  ae,  f.,  victory. 
woman's  name. 

1  For  exercises  on  the  translation  of  English  into  Latin,  see 
p.  87. 

2 


Second  Declension.  3 

2.  1.  Flliarum,  filiae,  filias.  2.  Provinciis,  pro- 
vinciam,  provinciarum.  3.  Copiae,  copiaruin,  copiis, 
copias.  4.  Dlligentia,  diligentiam,  diligentiae.  5.  Ora- 
ruiHj  oris,  oras,  ora,  orae.  6.  Pecimiam,  pecuniae,  pecu- 
nia.  7.-  Victoria,  victoriae,  victoriam.  8.  Victorils, 
victorias,  victoriarum.  9.  Insulis,  insula,  insulae,  in- 
sularum.     10.  Lucretiam,  Lucretiae ;  Galliam,  Galliae. 

3.  1.  Lucretia  filias  ^  laudat.^  2.  Filiam  Lucretiae 
laudamus.  3.  Filias  Lucretiae  laudatis.  4.  Oras  pro- 
vinciae  servas.  5.  Copias  parat.  6.  Diligentiam  fi- 
liarum  laudatis.  7.  Pecuniam  parant.  8.  Victoriam 
"copiarum  renimtiamus.  9.  Provinciam  Galliae  occu- 
pat.  10.  Oras  insulae  occupamus.  11.  Lucretiam 
et  filias^  laudo.  12.  Copiae  victoriam  renuntiant. 
13.    Filiae  Lucretiae  copias  laudant. 

LESSON   XL 

Second   DECLExsiOiSr.  —  Present   Indicative   op 
Sum.  —  Predicate  Nouns.  —  Appositives. 

§§  23;  25,  2;  2^,  1,  a;   100  (Present  Indicative);  167;  168; 
""       '  '  169,1,2.  ^ 

4.  VOCABULARY. 

Ardea,  ae,  f.,  Ardea,  a  Latin      captlvus,  i,  m.,  captive,  priS' 
town.  07ier. 

1  '  Her  daughters.'  The  possessive  pronouns,  'his,'  'her,' 
'  its,'  '  their,'  etc.,  are  often  omitted  in  Latin,  and  may  be  freely 
supplied  in  translation,  wherever  this  makes  appropriate  sense. 

2  The  verb  ordinarily  stands  at  the  end  of  the  sentence  in 
Latin. 


4  Second  Declension. 

filius,  1  (ii),  m.,  son.  numerus,  i,  m.,  number. 

Gallus,  1,  m.,  a  Gaul.  nuntius,    i   (ii),   m.,   messen- 
gladius,  1  (ii),  m.,  sword.  ger. 

jumentum,  i,  n.,  beast  of  bur-  oppidum,  i,  n.,  toicn,  walled 

den.  town. 

Latinus,  i,  m.,  a  Latin.  oppugno,  I  attack.,  assault. 

liberi,  orum,  m.  pi. ,  c/i?7c7rew.  praemium,    i    (ii),    n.,     re- 
Marcus,    i,    m.,    Marcus.)    a  ward. 

man's  name.  Romanus,  i,  m.,  a  Boman. 

5.  1.  Praemiis,  praemio,  praemiorum,  praeml, 
praemia.  2.  ISTimtio,  niintios,  nimtium,  nunti.  3.  Fill, 
fllii,  fllios,  filio.  4.  Numeri,  numeris,  numerum. 
5.  Oppidorum,  oppida,  oppido,  oppidi.  6.  Captivos, 
captivi,  captivo,  captlvorum.  7.  Gladio,  gladios,  gla- 
dii,  gladi.  8.  Agrorum/  agro,  agrls,  agros.  9.  Pueri/ 
pueris,  puerorum,  pnero.     10.  Virl,  viro,  virorum. 

6.  1.  Sumus  nuntil^  Romanorum.  2.  Estis  captlvi. 
3.  Romani  numerum  jumentorum  parant.  4.  Marcus 
est  filius  Lucretiae.  5.  RomanI  oppida  Gallorum  op- 
pugnant.  6.  Fllios  Marci  laudamus.  7.  Estis  llberi 
Marci.  8.  Nuntii  victoriam  Romanorum  renuntiant. 
9.  Captivl  sunt  Galll.  10.  Nuntius  victoriae  est  Gal- 
lus. 11.  Praemia  liberorum  laudatis.  12.  Roman! 
captivos  servant.  13.  Es  filius  Marci  et  Lucretiae. 
14.  Romani  Ardeam,  oppidum  Latinorum,  oppugnant. 


1  ^yords  given  in  the  paradigms  of  the  Grammar  are  inten- 
tionally omitted  from  the  Lesson  Vocabularies. 

2  A  predicate  noun  may  (and  often  does)  follow  the  verb. 


Agreement  of  Adjectives.  5 

LESSON   III. 

Adjectives  of  the  First  axd  Second  Declensions. 
Agreement  of  Adjectives. 

§§  62-65,  1 ;  233,^2 ;  234 ;  350,  4,  and  a. 

7.  VOCABULARY. 

dimico,  I  contend.  pabulum,  i,  n.,  forage,  food 
'  finitiiuus,  a,  um,  neighbor-  (of  animals). 

ing.  parvus,  a,  um,  small. 

'■{  Hispania,  ae,  f.,  Spain.  proelium,  i  (ii),  n.,  battle. 

magnus.  a,  um,  large^  great.  pulcher,  chra,  chrum,  beau- 
multus.   a,   um,   much;    pi.,  tiful. 

many.  Romanus,  a,  um,  Boman. 

vexo,  I  ravage. 

8.     1.  Multa  jumenta,  multorum  jumentorum,  multis 

jumentis.  2.  Magiiae  Insulae,  magnarum  msularum ; 
parvam  Insulam,  parvis  insulls.  3.  Filiae  pulchrae, 
filios  pulchros,  fill  am  pulchram.  4.  Puerorum  bono- 
rum,  puero  bono,  piieris  bonis.  5.  Agros  multos, 
agrorum  multorum,  agrls  multis.  6.  Provinciae 
finitimae,   provinciis   finitimis. 

^  9.  1.  Multa  jtimenta  paramus.  2.  Galli  et  Roman! 
multis  proeliis  dlmicant.  3.  Jumenta  sunt  parva. 
4.  Copiae  Romanae  agros  finitimos  occupant.  5.  Pro- 
vinciam  finitimam  occupamus.  6.  Magnam  dlligen- 
tiam  flliorum  laudatis.  7.  Magnam  copiam  pabull 
parant.  8.  Agri  Gallorum  sunt  boni.  9.  Roman! 
multos  agros  G-allorum  vexant.  10.  Filiae  Lucretiae 
sunt  bonae  et  pulchrae.  11.  Bellum  magna  d!ligentia 
paratis.     12.  Hispania  est  magna  provincia. 


6  Third  Declension. 

LESSON   IV. 
Third  Declension:  Consonant  and  Liquid  Stems. 

§§^-34-. 

10.  VOCABULARY. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.,  Caesar.  libero,  I  free^  set  free. 

consul,  uiis,  m.,  consul.  obsecro,  I  entreat. 

dono,  I  present.  '**^»^  obses,  idis,  c.^,  hostage. 

Germani,  orum,  m.  pL,  Ger-  pater,  patris,  in..,  father. 

mans.  .  pax,  pacis,  f.,  peace. 

imperator,    toris,    m.,    com-^  rex,  regis,  m.,  king. 

mander.  salus,  lutis,  f.,  safety. 

laus,  laudis,  t,  praise.  virtus,  tiitis,  f.,  valor. 
lex,  legis,  f.,  law. 

11.  1.  Consulibus  bonis,  coiisuli  bono,  consulem 
bonum,  consulis  boni^  consules  bonos.  2.  Virtute 
magna,  virttitis  magnae,  virtutem  niagnam.  3.  Milites 
Roman!,  milites  Romanos,  militis  Roman!,  m!lit! 
Romano.  4.  Magnae  victoriae  consulis  Roman!; 
multae  consulis  victoriae.  5.  Patr!  consulis;  laus 
m!litum ;  magna  imperatoris  virtute. 

12.  1.  Rex  Germanorum  saliitem  et  pacem  obsecrat. 
2.  Leges  Romanorum  sunt  bonae.  3.  Caesar,  impera- 
tor Romanus,  virtutem  ni!litum  laudat.  4.  Marcum, 
consulis  f!lium,  laudamus.  5.  Milites  magna  virtute 
d!micant.  6.  Roman!  sunt  victores.  7.  M!les  mag- 
nam  consulis  victoriam  renuntiat.  8.  Caesar  m!liti- 
bus  gladios  donat.     9.  Rex  obsides  Romanos  liberat. 

1  See  §  15,  B,  Note  1. 


Third  Declension. — Nasal  Stems.  7 

10.  Imperatorem  Romanum  laudatis.     11.  Nimtii  pacis 
salutem  obseciant. 

LESSON   V.      • 

Third   Declension  :    Kasal   Stems,   s-Stems, 
I-Stems,  Mixed  Stems. 

§§  35;  36;  37;  38;  39;  39,  1;  40;  40,  1,  a,  6,  c. 

13.  VOCABULARY. 

altus,  a,  um,  high;  deep.  gens,  gentis,  f.,  tribe. 

Ariovistus,  1,  m.,  Ariovistus^i  genus,  eris,  n.,  kind,  class. 

a  king  of  the  Germans.  Germanus,  a,  um,  German. 

civis,   is,  c,  citizen,  fellow-  litus,  oris,  n.,  shore. 

citizeni  mens,  mentis,  f.,  mind. 

classis,  classis,  i.,  fleet.  pedes,  itis,  m.,  foot-soldier; 
coUis,  is,  m.,  hill.  in  pi.,  infantry. 

convoco,  I  call  together.  propter,  prep.  w.  ace,  on  ac- 
cum,  prep.  w.  abl.,  ivith.  count  of. 

eques,  itis,  m.,  horseman;  in  terror,  oris,  ni.,  terror,  fear. 

pi.,  cavalry,  horsemen.  urbs,  urbis,  f.,  city. 

14.  1.  Civibus  Romanis,  civis  Romanos,  civi  Romano, 
civiiim  Romanorum.  2.  Magnos  terrores,  magiio  ter- 
rore.  3.  Urbis  altae,  urbiuin  altai'um,  urbes  altas. 
4.  Honorum,  lionorl,  lionoribus,  lionore.  5.  Collium 
altoriim,  collis  altos,  colles  alti,  collis  alti.  6.  Geu- 
tium  finitimamm,  litoribus  finitimis,  litora  fmitima. 

15.  1.  Simt^  inulta  genera  civium.  2.  Civis  Roma- 
nos  propter  magnani  virtutem  laudamus.     3.  Magnani 

1 '  There  are  ; '  est  and  sunt,  particularly  at  the  beginning  of 
a  sentence,  often  have  the  meaning:  'there  is,'  'there  are.' 


8  Fourth  and  Fifth  Declensions. 

classem  paraiit.  4.  Collem  altum  occupatis. '  5.  Litora 
multarum  insularum  classe  occupat.  6.  Colles  urbis 
sunt  alti.  7.  Terror  mentes  militum  occupat.  8.  Mul- 
tae  gentes  cum  Caesare  dimicant.  9.  Cum  peditibus  et 
equitibus  colles  urbis  oppugnat.  10.  Gentes  Gallorum 
pacem  obsecrant.  11.  Ariovistus  gentes  Germanas 
convocat. 

LESSON   VI. 

Gender  in  the  Third  Declension. — The  Fourth 
AND  Fifth  Declensions. 

§§  43,  1,  2,  3  ;  48  ;  50  ;  51 ;  52,  1 ;  52,  4  ;  53. 

16.  VOCABULARY. 

acies,  el,  f.,  line  of  battle.  exercitus,  us,  m.,  a7"my. 

coUoco,  I  place.  ,,.  fides,  ei,  f.,  fidelity^  loyalty. 

cornu,    us,    n.,    horn;   wing  in,  prep.  w.  abl.,  in,  on. 

(of  an  army).  " '  legio,  onis,  f.,  legion. 

de,  prep.  w.  abl.,  concerning.  portus,  us,  m.,  harbor. 

dexter,  tra,  trum,  right.  probo,  /  approve. 

dubito,  I  doubt.,  am  in  doubt.  quattuor,  indecl., /oz(r. 

equitatus,  us,  m.,  cavalry.    „^  senatus,  us,  m.,  senate. 

\  17.  1.  Rerum  multarum,  rebus  multis,  rem  mag- 
nam,  rei  magnae,  de  re  magna.  "2.  PortuI  bono,  in 
portibus  bonis,  portuum  bonorum,  magnus  numerus 
portuum,  portus  bonos.  3.  Senatui  Romano,  in  senatu 
Romano,  senatus  Romani.  4.  Fidem  bonam,  fidei 
bonae.  5.  Magnos  exercitus,  quattuor  magnis  exerciti- 
bus,  quattuor  magnorum  exercituum,  magno  exercitui. 


Nine  Irregular  Adjectives.  9 

18.     1.  Caesar  legiones  in  acie  collocat  et  oppidiim 
oppugnat.     2.  In  magno  portii  sunt  multae   insulae. 

3.  Senatus    de     fide     multarum     legionum,    dubitat. 

4.  Multas  res  senatuT  renimtiat.  ^  De  multis  rebus 
dubitamus.  6.  Legiones  portum  insulae  servant. 
7.  Imperator  fidem  exercitus  probat.  8.  De  exercitu 
Caesaris  dubitamus.  9.  In  exercitu  sunt  multi  et  boni  ^ 
milites.  10.  In  dextro  cornu  equitatum  collocat. 
11.  Est  in  insula  magnus  numerus  portuuni  bonorum. 


LESSON  VII. 

Nine  Irregular  Adjectiv^es.  —  Adjectives  of  the 
Third  Declension  with  Three  Terminations. 


§§  m ;  67,  1,  2,  3,  and  a  ;  68  ;  68,  2. 


•/ 


19  y  VOCABULARY. 

Belgae,   arum,    m.  pi.,    Bel-  periculum,  i,  n.,  danger. 

cfians,  a  Gallic  tribe.  regio,  oiiis,  f.,  region. 

celer,  eris,  e,  swift.  sine,  prep.  w.  abl.,  without. 

equester,    tris,    tre,    eques-  spero,  I  hope,  hope  for ;  gov- 

trian.  erns  the  ace. 

hostis,  is,  c,  an  enemy ;  pi.,  spes,  ei,  f.,  hope. 

the  enemy.  supero,  I  conquer,  defeat. 

munus,  eris,  n.,  reward.  vasto,  I  lay  vmste. 

nunc,  noiD.  vito,  I  avoid. 

20.    1.  Alterius  praemi,  alia  praemia,  aliis  praemiis. 
2.  Sine  ullo  honorej  sine  ulla  spe,  nullius  urbis,  nulli 

iThe  Latin  regularly  says  'many  and  good,'  where  we  say 
'many  good.' 


10  Adjectives  of  the   Third  Declension, 

urbi.  3.  Proelium  equestre,  proelio  equestri,  proelia 
equestria,  proelioriun  equestrium,  proeliis  equestribus. 
4.  Victoriae  celeris,  victorias  celeres,  victoriis  celeri- 
biis,  victoria  celerl.  5.  Unum  proelium,  aliiid  proe- 
lium, alii  proelio,  alterl  proelio. 

21.  1.  Sine  iillo  periculo  oppida  totlus  regionis 
op.pugnamus.  2.  Nulli  mlliti  munera  donatis.  3.  Co- 
piae  Caesaris  solius  equestri  proelio  dimicant.  4.  Alios 
milites  in  acie  collocas.  5.  Aliam  classem  paramus. 
6.  Aliud  bellum  sperant.  7.  Praemia  alterius  belli 
speramus.  8.  Senatus  de  fide  unius  regis  dubitat. 
9.  Nuntii  soli  pacem  sperant.  10.  Exercitus  E,6manus 
agros  Belgarum  et  multarum  aliarum  gentium  vastat. 
11.  Equites  hostes  celerl  victoria  superant.  12.  Milites 
sine  ulla  spe  victoriae  dimicant.  13.  Perlcula  alterius 
proell  vitamus. 

LESSON   VIII. 

Adjectives   of  the  Third  Declension  with  Two 
Terminations,  and  One  Termination. 

§§  69 ;  09,  1 ;  70 ;  70,  1 ;  70,  4. 

22.  VOCABULARY. 

adulescens,  centis.ni.,  ?/oz<»f7  incolumis,  e,  unharmed,  uii' 

man.  ijijured. 

auxilium,  1  (ii) ,  n.,  aid,  help.  legatus,  i,  m.,  envoy. 

communis,  e,  common.  raiando,  /  assign. 

fortis,  e,  strong,  brave.  militaris,  e,  military. 

homo,  minis,  c,  man.  negotium,  i  (ii),  n.,  business. 

impero,  I  demand.  nobilis,  e,  noble. 


Adjectives  of  the   Third  Declension.  11 


omnis.  e,  all^  every. 
potens,  entis,  powerful. 
signum,  1,  n.,  standard. 
talis,  e,  such. 


terra,  ae,  f.,  land,  a  land. 
tribunus,  i,  m.,  tribune,  oflB- 
cer  in  a  Koman  legion. 


"^  23.  1.  Keges  potentes,  reges  potentis,  regis  potentis, 
regum  potentium,  regibus  potentibus.  2.  'Signum 
mllitare,  signa  mllitaria,  signorum  militarium,  signo 
mllitarl,  signis  mllitaribus.  3.  Victoria  vetus,  victc 
riae  veteri,  victorias  veteres,  victoria  vetere,  victoriiL 
veteribus.  4.  Homines  talis,  homo  talis,  hominis  talis, 
hominum  talium,  hominibiis  talibus. 

p/^  24.  1.  Adulescens  nobilis  est  incolumis.  2.  Omnes 
agri  sunt  boni.  3.  Omnes  legati  Gallorum  auxilium 
Caesaris  obsecrant.  4.  Caesar  omnes  tribunos  legi- 
onis   laudat.      5,  VirTs  talibus    negotium   mandamus. 

^  6.  Signa  militaria  sunt  pulclira.  7.  Adulescentibus 
nobilibus  gladios  donat.  8.  Magnum  numerum  obsi- 
dum  nobilium  imperat.  9.  Nullus  vir  fortis  perlcula 
commimia  vitat.  10.  Cum  rege  potent!  dimicamus. 
11.  Terras  regum  potentium  vastamus 


12  Compariso7i  of  Adjectives. 

LESSON   IX. 
Comparison  of  Adjectives. 

§§  71,  1,  2,  3,  4  ;  72  ;  73,  1  (prior,  citerior,  ulterior, 

propior);  73,  2. 

25.  VOCABULARY. 

acer,  acris,  acre,  sharp,  vlg-  ops,  opis,  f.  (nom.  sing,  not 
orous.  used),  help;  pi.,  resources. 

brevis,  e,  short,  brief.  poena,    ae,    f.,   punishment, 
castra,  orum,  n.  pi.,  a  camp.  penalty. 

coraparo,  I  get  ready.  porta,  ae,  f.,  gate. 

euro,  I  care  for,  take  care  of.  quam,  than. 

dux,  ducis,  m.,  leader.  Rhenus,  i,  m.,  Bhine. 

familia,  ae,  i.,  family.  Rhodanus,  i,  m.,  Bhone. 

gravis,  e,  heavy,  severe.  servus,  i,  m.,  slave. 

impetus,us,m.(§ 57, 4), a«tacX\  vita,  ae,  f.,  Z(/e. 

-  26.  1.  Oppida  proxima,  oppidorum  ultimorum. 
2.  Ptignae  acerrimae,  piigna  acerrima.  3.  Portarum 
majorum,  portTs  minoribus,  porta  m  pulcliridrem, 
portae  pulcherrimae.  4.  Castroruni  majorum,  castrls 
minoribus.  5.  Poenarum  gravissimarum,  poenas 
graviores,  poenis  gravioribus.  6.  Impetus  acerrimi, 
impetCi  acriore,  impetiis  acriores. 

27.  1.  Pater  maximam  familiam  liberorum  et  ser- 
vorum  curat.  2.  Vita  liominis  brevissima  est.  3.  Im- 
petus hostium  est  acerrimus.  4.  Mllites  legionis 
primae  castra  minora  oppugnant.  5.  Minimum  peri- 
culum  vitat.  6.  Caesar  est  dux  fortissimus.  7.  Portae 
minoris   urbis  sunt   pulcherrimae.      8.    Majores    opes 


Formation  and   Comparison  of  Adverbs.      13 

compararaus.     9.  Ultimas  geiites   provinciae  superas. 

10.  Rhodanus  est  propior  provinciae  quani  Rheniis. 

11.  Poenam  gravissimam  vitas.      12.  Legiones  agros 
optimos  vastant. 

LESSON   X. 

Formation   and   Comparison   of   Adverbs.  — 

Numerals. 

§§  76,  1,  2;  77  (bene,  male,  magnopere,  multum,  non 
multum,  diu,  saepe,  prope);  80,  1-5;  350,  6. 

28.  VOCABULAKY. 

aditus,  us,  m.,  approach.  fortiter,  bravely. 

Alb^nus,  a,  um,  Alhan.  Gaius,  i,  m.,  Gaius,  a  man's 

animus,  i,  m.,  heart,  mind.  name. 

centum,  indecl.,  hundred.  nomen,  inis,  n.,  name. 

confirmo,  I  encourage.  princeps,  ipis,  m.,  chief. 

decem.  indecl.,  ten.  pugno,  I  lifjlit. 

difficulter,  adv.   (from  diffi-  Sequani,  orum,  m.  pi.,   ^S'e- 

cilis),  v^ith  difficulty.  quani,  a  Gallic  tribe, 

ducenti,  ae.  a,  tu^o  htindred.  tardo,  I  check. 

facile  (from  facilis),  easily.  triginta,  indecl.,  thirty. 


29.  1.  Cum  triginta  mllitibus,  cum  tribus  puew^cum 
duobus  prmcipibus.  2.  Duo  filii,  duos  filios,  tres 
principes,  trium  prmcipum,  mille  equites.  3.  Melius, 
diutius,  minus  fortiter,  optime.  4.  Fortius,  maxime. 
propius,  saepissime.  5.  Nomina  duorum  principum. 
6.  Decem  millia  peditum;  cum  centum  millibus  equi- 
tum  et  peditum ;  ducenta  millia  militum. 

*^Z0.    1.    Belgae    fortius     quam     Sequani    pugnant. 
2.  Roman!  Gallos  facillime  superant.      3.  Cum  tribus 


14  Revieiv, 

mlllibus  Gallorum  dimicamus.  4.  Ducenti  Romanl 
impetum  hostium  facile  tardant.  5.  Unus  Komanus 
tres  adulescentes  Albanos  supera,t.|  6.  Nomina  duorum 
filiorum  sunt  Gains  et  Marcus.  7.  Mille  adulescentes 
aditum  difficillime  servant.  8.  Animos  legionum 
facile  confirmat.      9.  Diutissime  pugnant. 

LESSON  XI. 

31.    1.   Sine  ullo  perlculo  alterum  oppidum  oppug- 
nant.      2.   Unam  legionem  in  dextro  cornu  collocat. 

3.  Legati    Gallorum    auxilium    Caesaris    obsecrant. 

4.  In  castris  majoribus  sunt  duae  legiones.  5.  Hos- 
tes  diti  et  acriter  pugnant.  6.  Duos  colles  altissimos 
peditibus  occupamus.  7.  Acerrime  et  fortissime  dimi- 
camus. 8.  Legiones  castra  minora  oppugnant.  9.  Col- 
lem  aliis  legionibus  occupat.  10.  A^irtutem  ducum 
Romanorum  et  mllitum  laudamus.  11.  Dux  maximas 
copias  parat. 


PRONOUNS. 


LESso:Nr  XII. 

Personal,  Reflexive,  Possessive,  and  Demon- 
strative Pronouns. 


§§  82  ;  83  ;  84j  85 ;  85,  1  ;\8^;  86,  1 ;  87  (Hic) 


32. 


VOCABULARY. 


ad,  prep.  w.  ace,  toA 

amicus,  1,  m.,  friend. 

angustiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  a 
narrow  pass. 

arma,  orum,  n.  pi.,  arms. 

audacter,  bravely. 

beneficium,  i(ii),  n.,  kind- 
ness. 

culpo,  I  blame. 

despero,  I  despair^  despair 
of;  governs  the  ace. 

explore,  I  explore. 

33.  1.  ]\Iihi,  nos,  tii,  nobis,  suL  meT,  vos,  tibi,  vobTs. 
2.  Vestrum,  nos,  sibi,  me,  se,  te.  3.  Amicus  meus,^ 
amicorum    meorum ;    amicus    noster,    amicTs    nostrls. 


expugno,  /  take  hy  storm, 
captture. 

gravis,  e,  heavy,  serious. 

injuria,  ae,  f.,  wrong,  in- 
justice. 

insidiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  am- 
bush, plots. 

longus,  a,  um,  long. 

memoria,  ae,  f,,  memoi'y, 
recollection. 

navalis,  e,  naval. 

voco,  I  call. 


1  English  to  is  rendered  by  ad  in  Latin,  if  there  is  an  idea  of 
motion  ;  otherwise  the  dative  is  used. 

2  §  .350,  5,  c. 

15 


16  Demonstrative  Pronouns. 

% 
4.  Pater  tuns,  patri  tiio,  cum  patre  tuo.     5.  Amicus 

vester,  amicorum  vestrorum.     6.  Hujus^  puerT,   huic 

puero;   hos  viros.     7.  Hae  angustiae,  harum   insidia- 

rum,  haec  arma,  liorum  castrorum. 

\_3^  1.  Hos  pueros  ad  nos  vocamus.  2.  Caesar 
cum  his  omnibus  legionibus  hoc  oppidum  expugnat. 
3.  Ntillus  alius  imperator  copias  suas  culpat.  4.  Filia 
mea  te  vocat.  5.  Hi  legatT  pacem  obsecrant.  6.  Hae 
injuriae  sunt  gravissimae.  7.  Cum  hoc  adulescente 
quattuor  captivos  servo.  8.  Has  provincias  explora- 
mus.  9.  Vestra  memoria  hujus  injuriae  est  longis- 
sima.  10.  In  hae  pugna  navali  audacissime  pugnant. 
11.  Copiae  hujus  ducis  victoriam  desperant. 

LESSOK   XIII. 

Demonstrative  Pronouns  (Iste,  lUe,  Is,  Idem). 
—  The  Intensive  Pronoun. 

§§  87  ;  88. 

35.  VOCABULARY. 

agmen,  minis,  n.,  arimj  (on  mandatum,  i,  n.,  command^ 

the  march),  column.  order. 

celeritas,  tatis,  f.,  speed.  officium,  i  (ii),  n.,  duty. 

equus,  1,  m.,  horse.  opinio,  onis,  f.,  opinion. 

frater,  tris,  m.,  brother.  ordo,  inis,  ni.,  rank. 

frumentum,  i,  n.,  grain.  praesto,  I  shoiv. 

hiemo,  I  pass  the  winter.  servo,  I  preserve. 

ignavus,  a,  um,  cowardly.  tempto,  /  attempt,  make  trial 
iter,   itineris,    n,    (§   42,    1),  of;  governs  the  ace. 

journey,  inarch.  vulnero,  I  wound. 

1  §  350,  5,  a. 


Relative^  Interroijatlve^  Indefinite  Pronouns.    17 

36.  1.  Istius  frumenti,  istud  frumentum,  istO  fru- 
mento.  2.  Eaclem  celeritate,  ejusdem  opinionis,  eadera 
mandata.  3.  Ejus^  pater,  eoriim^  llberl.  4.  Eisdem 
itineribus,  eorundem  equorum.  5.  Illis  fratribus,  illo- 
rum  fratrum,  illi  fratrl,  cum  ilia  filia.  6.  Idem  agmen, 
eadem  agmina,  in  eodem  agmine,  earundem  opinionum. 

>/  37.  1.  Eum  vulnero.  2.  Eos  gladio  meo  vulnero. 
3.  Eam  ad  nos  voco.  4.  Patrem  eorum  obsecro. 
5.  Ejus  patri  illud  negotium  mando.  6.  Ipse  ^  iu  illis 
regionibus  cum  his  legionibus  hiemat.  7.  Ilium  aditum 
difficiliorem    temptant.      8.    Eadem    beneficia    nobis 

_  praestat.  9.  IllI  mllites  ordines  servant.  10.  Ilia 
officia  sunt  minus  difficilia.  11.  Duces  illorum  exer- 
cituum  sunt  ignavissiml.  12.  IllI  liomini  plu^imos 
agros  donatis. 


"o^ 


LESSON   XIV. 

Relative,    Interrogative,    axd    Ixdefinite    Pro- 
nouns.—  Agreement  of  Relative  Pronouns. 

§§  89^;  90,  1,  2  ;  91  ;  91j_l,  2,  3,  8  ;  250. 

38>  -^  VOCABULARY. 

angustus,  a,  um,  narrow.  castellum,  i,  n.^fort. 

apertus,  a.  um,  open.  civitas.  tatis.  f.,  state. 

armo^  I  arm.  cohors.  cohortis,  f.,  coliort 

auctoritas,  tatis,  f.,  author-  (ili vision  of  a  legion). 
ity^  influence. 

1  §  86,  1.  2  jpgQ  alone  means  '  he  himself.' 


18  Relative^  Interrogative^  Indefinite  Pronouns. 

condicio,  onis,  f.,  condition,  mulier,  mulieris,  f.,  luoman. 

terms.  praeda,  ae,  f.,  booty. 

deditio,  onis,  f.,  surrender.  recuse,  I  refuse. 

delecto,  I  delight.  turpis,  e,  base. 

finis,  is,  m.,  end^  boundary.  uxor,  oris,  f.,  wife. 

39.  1.  Cujusque  coliortis ;  quamque  cohortem,  cuique 
cohort!,  2.  Cuiquam,  quidquam,  cujusquam.  3.  Cujus 
auctoritas  ?  In  qua  civitate  ?  4.  Oppidorum  quorun- 
dam,  in    oppidis    quibusdam,  viro   cuidam,  mulierem 

>_quandam. ;      5.    Cujus    castelli  ?       Quod    castellum  ? 

6.  Quis  vir?  Qui  vir?  7.  Amico  cuivis,  amicls 
quibusvis. 

40.  1.  Hic  imperator  legiones  quasdam  annat. 
2.  Praeda  aliquos  milites  delectat.  3.  Quae  oppida 
mllites  opptignant  ?  4.  Oppidum  quod  dam  Belgarum 
oppugnant.  5.  Ille  dux  quasdam  condiciones  turpes 
deditionis    recusat.       6.     Quis    homo    nos    obsecrat  ? 

7.  Quod  oppidum  oppugnatis  ?  8.  Regiones  quae 
apertae  sunt  vastamus.  9.  Fines  cujusque  provin- 
ciae  sunt  angusti.  10.  Cujus  uxor  est  haec  mulier? 
11.  Est  uxor  ejus  virl  quem  servamus. 


VERBS. 


LESSOR   XV. 
The  Conjugations.  —  Indicative  of  Sum. 

§§  93-95;  98;  99;  100  (Indicative  Mood). 

41.  VOCABULARY. 

adventus,  us,  m.,  arrival.  mons,  mentis,  m.^mountain^ 
animus,  i,  m.,  soul.  hill. 

deus,  1,  lu.,  god.  natura,  ae,  f.,  nature. 

fossa,  ae,  f.,  ditch.,  trench.  nondum,  not  yet. 

Juppiter,  Jovis,  m.  (§   41),  oculus,  i,  m.,  eye. 

Jupiter.  pro,  prep.  w.  abl.,  before,  in 
locus,    1,  m.,  place,  pi.  loca,  front  of. 

orum,  n.  repentinus,  a,  um,  sudden. 

ubi,  interr.  adv.,  where  ? 

42.  1.  Fneritis,  eras,  ero,  erunt,  fuerint.  2.  FuistT, 
estis,  eris,-  fueratis,  erit.  3.  Eiieras,  siimus,  fuerunt, 
erit.  4.  Sunt  meliores,  es  melior,  fuistis  optiml. 
5.  Eramus  amici,  sumus  legatT.  6.  Victores  fuimus, 
fuerat  victor.  7.  Fuero,  erat,  erant.  8.  Fuere,  est, 
eram. 

-43.  1.  ISTonduin  consul  fui.  2.  Hi  consnles  ignavi 
fuerunt.       3.  Ubi  pater  tuus  fuerat  ?       4.  In  castris 

19 


20  Conjugation  of  Sum. 

hostium  erat.     5.  In  pliirimis  Gallorum  oppidTs  f  uimiis. 

6.  Pro  his  castris  erat  fossa  alta.  7.  Animus  est 
oculus  mentis.  8.  Juppiter  fuit  maximus  Romano- 
rum  deus.  9.  Adventus  equitum  repentlnus  fuerat. 
10.  Natura  loci  fuit  difficilis.  11.  Vos,  milites,  qui 
omnia  perlcula  vltatis,  estis  turpes.  12.  Hi  montes 
sunt  altissiml. 

LESSON   XVI. 

Subjunctive,  Imperative,   Infinitive,   Participle 

OF  Sum. 

Page  57. 

44.  VOCABULARY. 

amicitia,  ae,  f. ,  friendship.  laetus,    a,    um,    glad,    joy- 

beatus,  a,  um,  happy.  ful. 

consilium,    i  (ii),    n.,  plan,  libertas,      atis,      f.,      free- 
advice,  dom. 

contentus,  a,  um,  contented.  non,  not. 

controversia,  ae,  f.,  contro-  semper,  adv.,  always, 

versy.  sub,  prep.  w.  abl.,  under. 

felix,  liciB,fo7'tunate,  happy.  supplicium,  i  (ii),  n.^punish- 

inter,  prep.  w.  ace,  between,  ment,  torture. 

among.  tempus,  oris,  n.,  time. 

45.  1.  Fuisse,  esto,  simus,  essent.  2.  Esse,  futurus, 
sit,  fuissem.  3.  ContentI  fuissemus,  sit  fellx,  sint 
felloes.  4.  Este,  sitis,  estote,  esset.  5.  Sunto,  futu- 
rus   esse,    es.       6.     Fuissetis    beati,    fuisset    beatus. 

7.  Essem,  fuisses,  sis. 

46.  1.  Sit  amicitia  inter  me  et  te.  2.  Haec  lex  esto 
brevis.    3.  Laetissimus  fuisset.    4.  Sub  alio  duce  niili- 


First  Conjugation :    Indicative  Active.        21 

tes  fortiores  fuissent.  5.  iSlullae  controversiae  inter 
vos  siiit.  6.  Quod  consilium  melius  fuisset  ?  7.  Sunto 
supplicia  gravia.  8.  His  praemiis  non  contentus 
esses.  9.  Non  fuissemus  amici  talium  hominum. 
10.  Sitis,  amiel/  fortes.  11.  ISlullum  tempus  melius 
fuisset.     12.  Simus  semper  amIcI  libertatis. 


LESSON   XVII. 
First  Conjugation:    Indicative  Active. 

Page  58. 

47.  VOCABULARY.  VV 

3.€irm.vii^txb,  \^  I  administer.  praetor,  oris,  m.,  praeior. 

conflrmo,  1,  /  establish,  con-  quare,  interr.  adv.,  why  ? 

firm.  quinque,  indecl.,^i;e. 

impedimentum,    I,    n.,    hin-  socius,  ii,  m.,  ally. 

drance  ;  in  pi.,  baggage.  sublevo,  1,  I  relieve. 

jam,  adv.,  already.  transport©,  1,  I  transport. 

modo,  Adv.,  just,  jnst  noiv.  Veragri,  orum,  m.  pi,,  Vera- 

Octodurus,  i,  m.,  Octodurus,  gri.  a  Gallic  tribe. 

a  city  of  the  Veragri.  verbum,  i,  u.,  word. 

perturbs,    I  confuse^    throw  vicus,  i,  m.,  village. 

into  confusion. 

^^^^ 

48.  1.  Transportavistis,  transportabimus,  transpor- 

tabat.  2.  Transportavit,  traiisportamus,  transpor- 
taverant.  3.  CoUocabit,  collocabant,  collocaverat. 
4.  Collocatis,  cdilocabas,  collocaveras.      5.   Occupabis, 

1  The  vocative  regularly  stands  after  one  or  more  words  of 
the  sentence. 


22        First   Conjugation :    Indicative  Active. 

'J     '■ 

occupavistis^   occupaveritis.   ,    6.    Paraverunt,   paras, 
parabamus.      jr,^^  Pu^iaabitiSj  mignavl,  pugnaveriinus. 

8.  Latidabatis,  laudavimus,  laudavit. "  ~ 

49.  1.  Caesar  pliirimas  naves  jam  paraverat.  2.  Has 
quinque  legiones  in  eo  loco  collocabit.  3.  Haec  consi- 
lia  nondiim  probavi.  4.  Quis  ista  verba  probabit  ? 
5.  Quare  pacem  et  amicitiam  cum  lils  civitatibus  non 
conflrmavistis  ?  6.  Galli  impedimenta  sua  celeriter 
transportaverunt.  7.  Praetores  Roman!  res  sociorum 
administraverunt.      8.  Amicos   auxilio   sublevavimus. 

9.  Hae  cohortes  ordines  hostiura  facile  perturbaverant. 

10.  Locus    ubi    legiones    hiemabant   fuit   Octodurus, 
vicus  Veragrorum. 

50.  A  Dangerous  Wedding. 

Sol  ^  quondam  uxorem  ducere  ^  volebat.^  Eanae  ad 
sidera  clamorem  tollunt."*  Juppiter  causam  querelae 
quaerit.^  "  Nunc,"  inquiunt/  "  unus  sol  omnes  lacus 
exurit ;  ^  quid  f  aturum  est,  si  liberos  creabit  ? 


;> 


1  In  the  passages  of  continuous  narrative,  the  pupil  will  con- 
sult the  General  Vocabulary  at  the  end  of  the  book  for  words 
that  have  not  occurred  in  previous  Lessons. 

2  uxorem  diicere  :    lit.  to  ^  tollunt :  raise, 
lead  {i.e.  take)  a  wife,  and  so,  ^  quaerit :  asks. 

to  marry.  '^  inquiunt :  they  say. 

3  volebat :  loished.  ">  exurit:  hums  up, dries  up. 


First  Conjugation :  Active  Voice,  23 


LESSON   XVIII. 

First  Conjugation  :   Subjunctive,  Imperative, 
Infinitive,  etc.,  Active  Voice. 

Page  59. 

51.  VOCABULARY. 

a,  ab,  prep.  w.  abl.,/row.  numquam,  never. 

ancora,  ae,  f.,  anchor.  I'ogo,  1,  I  ask. 

conserve,!  1,  I  keep.  specto,  \,  Hook  upon.     

cupidus,  a,  um,  fond.  tamen,  nevertheless,  yet. 
navis,  is,  f.,  ship,  boat. 


''  52.  1.  Laudaturus,  laudans,  laudent.  2.  Lauda- 
visse,  laiidavissem,  laudanto.  3.  Laudaudo,  laudaret, 
laiida.  4.  Spectemus,  spectate,  spectare,  spectandi. 
5.  Spectatiirus  esse,  spectarent,  spectet.  \  6.  Dimi- 
cando,  dimicavisseut,  diinicent.  7.  Dimicate,  dlmi- 
cans,  dimicavisse. 

53.  1.  Hoc  beneficium  a  te  numquam  rogavissem. 
2.  Verba  nostra  probet.  3.  Verba  vestra  probavissent. 
4.  Quis  liunc  hominem  laudavisset  ?  5.  Milites  hunc 
collem  occupare  temptant.  6.  Laudate  lios  omnes 
milites.  7.  Aliud  oppidum  nunc  oppugnatiirl  sumus. 
8.  Omnes  Galli  sunt  cupidi  pCignandl.  9.  Pecuniam 
quam    paravimus    conservemus.     10.   Servate,    cives, 

1  Verbs  of  the  First  Conjugation  are  so  regular  that  tlieir 
Principal  Parts  are  not  given  in  full.  They  are  indicated  in 
the  Vocabularies  by  tlie  figure  1,  and,  unless  the  contrary  is 
stated,  their  Principal  Parts  are  regularly  formed  in  -6,  -are, 
-avi,  -atus,  precisely  like  those  of  amo. 


24      First   Coyijugation :    Indicative  Passive. 

uxores  et  liberos  vestros  !   11.  Ancor^s  naviiim  paranto. 
12.  Milites,  victoriam  desperautes,  tamen  acriter  dmii- 

cabant. 

LESSON   XIX. 

First  Conjugation  :  Indicative  Passive. 

Page  60. 

54.  VOCABULARY. 

a,  ab,  prep.  w.  abl.,  by.  multitudo,  inis,  1,  mM7^iYr<de. 

biduum,  1,  n.,  tit^o  days.  nuntio,  1, 1  announce,  report. 

conspectus,    us,     m.,    view,  pars,  partis,  f.,  |)ar^,  s/de. 

sight.  postulo,  1,  I  demand. 

exspecto,  1,  I  expect,  await.  reliquus,  qua,  quum,  j'ewiam- 
frustra,  in  vain.  ing. 

Ignis,  is,  m. ,  Jire.  saepe,  often. 

litterae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  a  letter.  sex,  indecl.,  six. 

mora,  ae,  f.,  delay.  telum,  i,  n.,  javelin. 

55.  1.  Exspectabatur,  exspectata  est,  exspectatae 
eraiit.  2.  Exspectatus  erat,  exspectati  sunt,  exspec- 
tabuiitur.  3.  Laudati  estis,  laudaberis,  laudamini. 
4.  Snperati  sumus,  superaiitur,  superabor.  5.  Yulne- 
ratur,  vulneratiis  sum,  viilnerabamur.  \  6.  Vocaris, 
vocatus  est,  vocaberis.  7.  Yocabamiiii,  vocatns  eras, 
vocati  estis.  8.  Laudata  erat,  laudatae  erimt,  lauda- 
bimini. 

56.  1.  Quis  laudabatur?  2.  Haec  omnia  oppida 
oppugnabuntur.  3.  Galli  saepe  superati  ^  erant.  4.  Hae 
sex  naves  frustra  parabantur.     5.  Postero  die  multi 

1  Observe  that  in  the  compound  tenses  of  the  passive,  the 
participle  agrees  in  gender  and  number  with  its  subject,  pre- 
cisely like  an  adjective. 


First   Conjugation :    Subjunctive  Passive,      25 

milites  vulnerati  sunt.  ~  6.  Legiones  nostrae  in  con- 
spectii  castroruni  a  miiltitudine  hostium  superatae 
erant.  7.  IVEora  bidui  postulatur.  8.  Hae  litterae 
niintiis  mandantur.  9.  Quod  oppidum  expugnatum 
est  ?  10.  Ordines  peditum  tells  hostium  jjerturbaban- 
tur.  11.  Quare  perturbaris  ?  12.  Hi  agri  igni  vas- 
tati  erant. 

57.  Old  Roman  Virtue. 

Curius,  homo  singularis  virtutis,  ad  focum  sedebat,^ 
cum  legatl  Samnitium  magnum  pondus  auri  ei  affere- 
bant.^  Sed  Curius  eos  repudiavit.  "  Aurum,"  inquit,^ 
nolo  habere  j  ^  malo  ^  els  ^  imperare,  qui  habent.^ 

LESSON   XX. 

First   Conjugation:    Subjunctive,   Imperative, 
Infinitive,  etc..  Passive. 

Page  61. 

58.  VOCABULARY. 

discipllna.  ae,  f.,  discipline.  onerarius,    a,    um,    hurden- 

majores,  um,  m.  (lit.  greater^  hearing  ;  naves  ouerariae, 

sc.  natu,  by  birth)  ^  ances-  transports. 

tors.  opportunus,  a,  um,  fit,  op- 
nibs,  moris,  m.,  custom.  portune. 
non,  not.  statim,  at  once.,  immediately. 

vix,  scarcely.,  with  difficulty. 

1  sedebat :  loas  sitting.  ^  malo  :  I  prefer. 

-  afferebant :  brought.  ^  eis  :  187,  II,  a. 

^inquit:  said  he.  '^  habent  :    have    (it).,    viz. 

4  nolo   habere :    1  do   not  gold. 
wish  to  have. 


26  Review. 

59.  1.  Laudemur,laiidandus,laiidatusesse.  2.  Collis 
occupetur,  collis  occupatus  esset^  occupari.  3.  Porta 
servetur,  portae  servatae  essent,  porta  servata  esset. 
4.  Servarl,  servandus,  servatiis.  5.  Vocatus  essem, 
vocati  essetis,  vocata  esset.  6.  Vocentur,  vocatus, 
vocatus  esse. 

60.  1.  Sine  auxilio  nostro  facile  superati  essetis. 
2,  Onmes  portae  suat  servandae.  3.  Impetus  hostiuni 
tardandus  est.  4.  Haec  oppida  facilliine  expugnata 
essent.  5.  Verba  vestra  non  probata  essent.  6.  Dis- 
ciplina    et    mores     majorum     nostrorum     laudentur. 

7.  Maximus  Humerus  navium  onerariarum  statim 
paretur.  8.  Legiones  in  loco  opportuno  collocandae 
sunt.     9.  Sine  vobis  liaec  castra  vix  expugnata  essent. 

LESSON   XXI. 
Eeview. 

61.  1.  Maxim ae  classes  summa  diligentia  parandae 
sunt.  2.  Haec  victoria  equitum  nostrorum  jam  nun- 
tiata  erat.  3.  Haec  oppida  oppugnata  erant.  4.  Ad- 
ventus  legatorum  nuntiatur.  5.  Terror  animos  omnium 
mllitum  occupaverat.  6.  Has  gentes,  milites,  jam 
saepe   superavistis.     7.  Legiones  proelio  dimicabant. 

8.  Quis  fuit  dux  liarum  copiarum?  9.  Prlncipes 
cuj usque  civitatis  ad  se  vocat.  10.  Quasdam  portas 
servabamus.  11.  Conspectus  liarum  urbium  nos  om- 
nes  delectat.  12.  Litteras  tuas  exspectabo.  13.  Naves 
onerariae  parantur. 


Second  Conjugation :    Active    Voice.  27 

LESSON   XXII, 
Second  Conjugation  :   Active  Voice. 

§103. 


62. 


VOCABULARY. 


arbor,  oris,  f.,  tree. 

augeo,  ere,  auxi.  auctus,  I 

increase. 
commeatus,  us,  m,,  supplies. 
compleo,  ere,  plevi,  pletus. 

I  Jill  lip. 
debeo.   debere,  debui,   de- 

bitus,  /  owe  ;  with  an  infin- 
itive, I  ought. 
habeo,  ere,  habui,  habitus, 

I  have,  possess,  hold. 
ignominia,  ae,  f.,  ignominy, 

disgrace. 
imperium,    i    (ii),    n.,    rule, 

sway. 


jubeo,  ere,  jussi,  jussus,   1 

order. 
maneo,    ere,    mansi,    man- 

siirus.    /  remain. 
mare,  is,  n.,  sea. 
moveo,   ere,   movi,  motus, 

I  move. 
opera,  ae,  f.,  assistance. 
populus,  1,  m.,  people. 
potestas.  atis,  f.,  power. 
prohibeo,    ere,    ui,   itus,    / 

keep  away,  keep  off,  trans. 
saxuiu,  1,  n.,  rock. 
^video,   ere,    vidl,    visus,    I 

see. 


63.  1.  Jussit,  jubemus,  jussisse.  2.  Jusserat, 
jubete,  jubens.  3.  Prohibiiit,  prohibuistis,  proliibe- 
bit,  prohibeamus.  4.  Prohibeto,  prohibencli,  pro- 
hibuissemus,  prohibuisse.  o.  Habuimus,  habuerat, 
habebat,  habuit.  6.  Habe,  habiturus  esse,  habeat 
7.  Habetis,  habebuut,  habuerint.  8.  Vldisti,  vldera- 
mus,  vidimus,  vidernnt.     9.  Videbo,  vident,  videbas. 

64.  1.  Debetis  in  hoc  loco  manere.  '  2.  Signa 
hostium  pro  illTs  castris  videramus.  3v'  Hostes  sine 
anxilio  vestro  facile  prohibuissemus.    '4.  Illas  copias 


28         Second   Conjugation :    Passive    Voice. 

commeatii  prohibeamus.  5.  Sine  opera  vestra  totum 
mare  in  potestate  nostra  non  liabuissemus.  6.  Illas 
fossas  altas  saxis  et  arboribus  complebant.  7.  Popu- 
lus  Romanus  imperiuin  suum  magnopere  aiixit.  8.  Ig- 
nominiam  vitare  debemus.  9.  Castra  ab  hoc  loco 
moverat. 

LESSON   XXIII. 

Second  Conjugation:    Passive  Voice. 

§  104. 

65.  VOCABULARY.  - 

barbarus,  i,  m.,  a  harharian.  subito,  suddenly, 

celeriter,  quickly.  susplcio,  onis,  f.,  suspicion. 

commoveo,  ere,  movi,  mo-  sustinco,    ere,    uT,    /   with- 

tns,  I  stir  up.  stand. 

contumelia,  ae,  f.,  insult.  timeo,  ere,  ui,  I  fear. 

nihil,  indecl. ,  nothing.  videor,  eri,  visus  sum,  pass. 

peditatus,  us,  m.,  infantry.  of  video,  I  am  seen,  I  seem, 

perterreo,    ere,    uT,    itus,    I  appear. 

terrify. 

66.  1.  Visus  est,  visae  erant,  visl  sunt.  2.  Timere 
videntur,  timere  videbatur,  timere  visa  est.  3.  Pro- 
liibebamur,  prohibit!  sunms,  prohibita  erat„  4.  Pro- 
hibeantur,prohiberi,prohibendus.  5.  Juberi,  jubeatur, 
jussus  esset,  jnssus  esse.  6.  Jubebatur,  jubebimiir, 
jussi  snmiis.  7.  Perterritae  erant,  perterrebaris,  per- 
terrebimini,  perterreri. 

>^_67>  1.  Suspiciones  vestrae  auctae  sunt.  2.  Milites 
nostri  fossas  hostium  complevisse  videntur.  3.  Haec 
castra  subito  mota  erant.       4.    Impetus  barbarorum 


Third  Conjugation :    Active    Voice.  29 

fortiter  sustinebitur.  5.  Galll  sunt  prohibendi. 
6.  Hae  fossae  celeriter  completae  essent.  7.  In  eo 
loco  manere  jussi  erainus.  8.  Nihil  est  timendiim. 
9.  Visi  sunt  magnopere  perterreri.  10.  Hi  equites 
multitudine  peditatiis  perterriti  erant.  11.  Omnes 
homines  his  contumelils  commotl  sunt. 

68.  The  Death  of  Epamixondas. 

Epaminondas  Lacedaemonios  apiid  Mantineam 
vicit/  sed  ipse  hasta  vulneratus  est.  Primuin  rogavit 
num.  clipeus  esset^  salviis.  Amici  responderunt,  "  Sal- 
vus  est."  Deinde  rogavit  num  hostes  fusi  essent.^ 
Ubi  hoc  audivit,'*  jussit  hastam  evelli^  qua  trans- 
fixus®  erat,  atque  laetus  in  victoria  mortuus  est/ 

LESSON   XXIV. 
Third  Conjugation:    Active  Voice, 

§105. 

69.  VOCABULARY. 

ad,  prep.  w.  ace,  near.  contends,   ere,    tendi,    ten- 

constituo,  ere,  ui,   utus,   /  turn.  /  hurry,  hasten.^ 

decide^  determine.  creber,    bra,   brum,   numer- 

ous. 

1  vicit :  conquered^  loas  victorious  over. 

2  esset :  was. 

3  fusi  essent :  had  been  routed. 

*  audivit :  heard.  ^  evelli:  to  he  pulled  out. 

6  transfixus  erat :  had  been  pierced. 

■^  mortuus  est :  he  expired.  ^  Page  83,  footnote  1. 


30 


Third   Conjugation:    Active    Voice. 


custodia,  ae,  f.,  guard. 
defendo,  ere,  fendi,  fensus, 

I  defend. 
dispone,  ere,  posui,  positus, 

/  distribute. 
gero,  ere,  gessi,    gestus,    / 

wage. 
in,  prep.  w.  ace,  into. 
instruo,  ere,  struxi,  struc- 

tus,  /  draw  up. 
niedius,  a,  um,    middle,   the 

middle  of. 
mitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  I 

send. 


munitio,  onis,  f.,  fortifica- 
tion. 

planities,  ei,  i..^  plain. 

post,  prep.  w.  ace,  he- 
hind. 

praesidium,  i  (ii),  n.,  garri- 
son., guard. 

relinquo,  ere,  liqui,  lictus, 
/  leave,  leave  behind. 

vigilia,  ae,  f.,  watch  (of  the 
night);  guard. 

vinoo,  ere,  vici,  victus,  / 
conquer. 


70.  1.  Relinquemus,  reliquimus,  rellquisse.  2.  Vin- 
cebamus,  vicisse,  vincendo.  3.  Vicimus,  vicerant, 
vicissem.  4.  Defendatj  defendere,  defendite.  5.  De- 
fenduut,  defendent,  defenderunt.  6.  Instrtixerat, 
instruunt,  instruebat,  instruens.  7.  Instruendi,  in- 
striixisse,  mstrues.  8.  MisistI,  mittat,  mitte,  misisse, 
mittendi. 


i  71^^.  Praesidium  in  hoc  loco  relinquemus.  2.  Cae- 
sar duas  legiones  in  Hispaniam  misit.  3.  Castra 
defendere  constituerat.  4.  Bellum  in  Gallia  geretis. 
5.  Urbem  custodiis  nostris  defendamus.  6.  Qais  has 
litteras  mittet?  7.  Omnes  naves  ad  oras  hujus  insu- 
lae  reliquisse  videtur.  8.  Aciem  longani  in  media 
planitie  instruximus.  9.  Crebras  vigilias  post  milni- 
tiones  disposuerat.  10.  Omnes  copias  hostium  facile 
vicissemus.  11.  In  Galliam  magnis  itineribus  con- 
tendit. 


Third   Conjugation :   Passive  Voice. 


31 


LESSON   XXV. 

Third  Conjugation:  Passive  Voice. 

§106. 


72. 


VOCABULARY. 


^ 


arcesso,  ere,  ivi,  itus,  I  sum- 
mon. 

ceteri,  ae,  a,  the  other,  the 
rest  of. 

cogo,  ere,  coegi,  coactus, 
I  force,  compel. 

consume,  ere,  sumpsi, 
sumptus,  /  use  up,  con- 
sume. 

contra,  prep.  w.  ace,  against. 

duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  I 
lead. 


e,  ex,  prep.  w.  abl.,  out  of, 

from ;  e  is  not  used  before 

vowels  or  h. 
educo,   ere,    duxi,    ductus, 

I  lead  forth. 
hic,  here. 
instruo,  ere,  struxi,  struc- 

tus,  I  Jit  out. 
reduce,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 

lead  hack. 
silva.  ae,  i.,  forest. 


73.  1.  Belluni  geretur,  bellum  geratur,  belluni 
gestiim  est,  belluni  gestum  esset.  2.  Bella  gesta  sunt, 
bella  gerebantur,  bella  geruntur.  3.  Victus  est,  vinci, 
victus  esse,  victus.  4.  Vincendus,  victi  sunt,  vincun- 
tur,  vincebatur.  5.  Missi  sumus,  mittetur,  mittitur. 
6.  Mitti,  missus  esset,  missa  erat. 

74.  1.  Ceteri  obsides  ad  nos  missi  erant.  2.  Ab  V 
omnibus  amicis  nostiis  defendemur.  3.  Hae  legiones 
ad  altera  castra  reductae  sunt.  4.  Praesidium  hic 
relictum  est.  5.  Tu  manere  coactus  esses.  6.  Multa 
bella  gereiitur.  7.  Duae  cohortes  contra  hostes  mitte- 
bantur.     8.  Hae  naves  omnibus  rebus  instructae  erant. 

9.    Onine    tempus    consumptum    est.     10.  Legiones    e 


32  Fourth   Conjugation :    Active    Voice. 

castris  educantur.      11.    Socii   nostri   arcessi    clebent. 
12.  Agmen  longum  per  silvas  ductum  erat. 


75. 


How  THE  Day  was  Saved. 


Ees^  in  angusto^  fuit.  Caesar,  qui  perlculum  vidit, 
ipse  ad  legionem  decurrit.  In  primam  aciem  procedit ; 
scutum  uni  ex  militibus'"^  detrahit.  Centuriones  nomi- 
natira  appellans,  proelium  redintegrat.  Turn  milites 
audacius  ptignant ;  impetus  hostium  tardatur ;  magnus 
numerus  eorum  cadit  atque  reliqul^  pelluntur. 


76. 


LESSON   XXVI. 
Fourth  CoxjuGATioisr :  Active  Voice. 

§107. 

VOCABULARY. 


"^  audio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  /  heai\  '=?nuni6,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  1 


hear  of. 
causa,  ae,  f.,  cause. 
comperio,  ire,  peri,  pertus, 

I  find  out. 
convenio,  ire,  veni,  ventum, 

come  together^  assemble. 
eodem,  to  the  same  place. 
fama,  ae,  f. ,  report. 
impedio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  / 

impede.,  hinder. 


fortify. 
occasio,    onis,    f.,    occasion, 

opportunity. 
postea,  afterwards. 
reperio,  ire,  repperi,  reper- 

tus,  /  discover.,  find. 
uniquam,  ever. 
undique,  from  all  parts    or 

sides. 
venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum,  / 

come. 


1  res  :  the  situation.  ^  uni  ex  militibus  :  from 

2  in  angusto  :  lit.  in  a  nar-      one  (lit.  to  one)  of  the  soldiers, 
row  (place).,  i.e.  critical.  *  reliqui:  the  rest. 


Fourth   Conjugation :    Passive    Voice.         33 

77.  1.  Venire,  veniendi,  venissem.  2.  Venietis, 
venerimt,  veniebat.  3.  Veniamus,  venite,  veneras. 
4.  Muniebatis,  munivit,  numivisse.  5.  Mtinitiirus 
esse,  muniens,  muniendo.  6.  Convenimus,  convene- 
ratis,  convenitis,  convenient.  7.  Convenisse,  convene- 
runt,  convenimus,  convenlte.  8.  Comperit,  compererat, 
comperistis.     9.  Comperiet,  comperiebant. 

--^J^.  1.  Ilium  collem  muniebamus.  2.  In  eum  lo- 
cum convenerunt.  3.  Munite,  milites,  banc  urbem ! 
4.  Hostes  iter  exercitus  nostri  impediverunt.  5.  Ger- 
man! undique  e  silvis  convenerant.  6.  Famam  illlus 
proell  audivimus.  7.  Has  res  postea  comperi.  8.  Nos 
omnes  eodem  conveniamus !  9.  Talem  occasionem 
non  facile  repperissemus,  10.  Quis  umquam  tales 
causas  morae  audivit  ?  11.  Ceteras  legiones,  quae 
nondum  convenerant,  exspectabamus. 

LESSON   XXVII. 

Fourth  Conjugation:  Passive  Voice. 

§  108. 

79.  VOCABULARY. 

aqua,  ae,  f.,  water.  paene,  almost,  nearly. 

circumvenio,  ire,  veni,  ven-  procurro,  ere,  cucurri.  cur- 

tus,  I  surround.  sum.  I  run  forward. 

extra,  prep.  w.  ace,  outside.,  temere,  rashly. 

■beyond.  vox,  vocis,   f.,  voice,   word, 

invenio.  Ire,  veni,  ventus,  /  exclamation. 

find. 


34         Fourth   Conjugation :    Passive    Voice. 

80.  1.  Eepertns  esse,  reperiatur,  reperta  est.  2.  Ee- 
perietur,  reperti  sunt,  reperitur.  3.  Urbs  munietur, 
urbs  mimita  erat,  urbs  munitur.  4.  Urbes  munie- 
bantur,  urbes  mimitae  sunt,  urbes  muniantur.  '  5.  Cir- 
cumvenimur,  circumventus  est,  circumventus  esset. 
6.  Circumventus  esse,  circumveniatur,  circumventus, 
circumveniendus. 

81.  1.  A  multitucline  hostium  circumvent!  sumus. 

2.  Hi    captTvi    duabus    coliortibus    circumvenientur. 

3.  Nihil  repertum  est.  4.  Nulla  alia  vox  audietur. 
5.  Castra  majora  munienda  sunt.  6.  Aqua  sub  his 
saxis  inventa  est.  7.  Magna  copia  frumentl  in  his 
regionibus  inveniri  debet.  8.  Una  cohors,  quae  tern  ere 
extra  aciem  procucurrerat,  paene  circumventa  est. 
9.  Difficilibus  locis  impediebantur.  10.  Haec  urbs 
statim  muniatur. 

82.  HORATIUS    AT    THE    BrIDGE. 

Horatius  Codes  erat  vir  Eomanus  fortissimus. 
Etrusci  olim  Eomam  capere  ^  temptabant ;  sed  ille  ex- 
tremam  partem  pontis  occupavit,  quern  Etrusci  oppug- 
nabant,  atque  solus  totum  hostium  agmen  sustinuit. 
Audacter  pugnavit  donee  ab  alils  Eomanis  pons  a  tergo^ 
rescissus  est.^  Turn  armatus  se  in  Tiberim  misit, 
atque   incolumis  ad   Sues'*  transnavit.      Civitas   erga 

^  capere  :  to  capture. 

2  a  tergo  :  from  behind. 

3  rescissus  est :  from  rescindo. 

*  ad  sues  :  lit,  to  his  own,  i.e.  to  his  friends. 


Verbs  in  -io  of  the  Tldrd  Conjugation.        35 

tantam  virtiitem  grata  fuit;  ei  tantuin^  agvl  public! 
datum  est,  quantum^  iino  die  circumaraie  potuit.^ 
Statua  quoque  el*  in  Comitio  posita  est.^ 


LESSON   XXVIII. 

Verbs  in  -io  of  the  Third  Conjugation. 

§§  109-111. 

83.  VOCABULARY. 

accipio,  ere,   cepi,  ceptus,  interficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus, 

/  receive.  I  Idll. 

capio,  ere,  cepi,  captus,  /  pons,  pontis,  m.,  bridge. 

take,  capture.  recipio,  ere,   cepi,   ceptus, 

diripio,   ere,    ripui,   reptus,  /  take  back ;  with  reflexive 

I  plunder.  se,  to  retreat. 

facio,    ere,    feci,    factus,    /  scvitum,  i,  n.,  shield. 

make,   do.  suscipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 

fugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugiturus,  /  I  undertake. 

Jlee,  escape  from.  unde,  whence. 

84.  1.  Suscepisse,  suscipiendi,  suscipi.  2.  Fiigitis, 
fugiant,  fugisseut.  3.  Fugite,  fugistis,  fugit.  4.  In- 
terfectus  est,  interficiendus,  interfecisse.  5.  Inter- 
fecerunt,  interficientur,  interfecta  erat.  6.  Accipi, 
accipiens,  accipiendo.  7.  Accipiantur,  accipis,  acci- 
pietis.  8.  Diripuisse,  diripit,  diripuerit.  9.  Fecerunt, 
feceras,  facietis. 

1  tantum  :  as  much.  ^  potuit :  he  was  able. 

2  quantum :  as.  *  ei :  to  him,  in  his  honor. 

^  posita  est :  from  pond. 


\ 


36  I  De foment   Verbs. 

/  85.  1.  Ad  montem,  uncle  modo  venerant,  se  recepe- 
runt.  2.  Galli  omnes  captivos  magnis  suppliciis  interfi- 
ciimt.  3.  Uxor  Ariovisti  a  Caesare  capta  est.  4.  Om- 
nia haec  oppida  direpta  essent.  5.  Pontem  in  Rheno^ 
faciamus  !  6.  LegatI  hiljus  regis  a  nobis  accept!  sunt. 
7.  Mandata  tua  accepimus.  8.  Ex  his  periculls  fugie- 
mus.  9.  Ex  hoc  oppido  magnum  numerum  scutorum 
et  telorum  dlripuimus.  10.  Nova  officia  nunc  suscipi- 
mus.     11.  Hic  homo  interfici  debet. 


LESSON   XXIX. 

Deponent  Verbs. 

§§  112-114,  1. 

VOCABULARY. 

Aprilis,    e,    of  April.  nemo,  c.  (§57,  3),  no  one. 

audeo,     ere,     ausus     sum  ;  moror,    ari,    moratus    sum, 

semi-dep.,  I  dare.  I  tarry,  delay. 

coUoquor,  i,  locutus  sum,  /  paulum,  a  little. 

confer.  per,  prep.   w.   ace,   through, 

Conor,  ari,  atus  sum,  7  en-  during. 

deavor,  attempt.  post,   prep,    w,   ace,   after. 

egredior,      gredi,      gressus  proficiscor,     i,      profectus 

sum,    /  march  out.  sum,   /  set  out. 

fines,  ium,m.  i>\.,  boundaries,  queror,  i,    questus    sum,  / 

territory  (pi.  of  finis,  end),  _,^complain. 
Helvetii,     orum,    m.,    Hel-  /^  lesisto,  ere.  restiti,  I  resist. 

vetii,  a  Gallic  tribe.  L       (§  187,  II,  «)• 

mensis,  is,  m.,  month.  reverter,  i,  I  return. 

1  The  Romans  speak  of  making  a  bridge  '  in  a  river,'  where 
we  say  •  over  a  river.' 


Deponent  Verbs.  37 

87.  1.  Moremur,  moramur,  morabimiir.  2.  Morata 
est,  morata  esset,  morans.  3.  Moratus  esse,  moratus, 
morando.  4.  Collociltl  siimus,  colloquimur,  colloquan- 
tur.  5.  Proficiscere,  proficiscatur,  profecti  essent. 
6.  Profectus,  proficiscebatur,  proficiscere. '  7.  Reverti- 
mini,  revertentur,  revertebamur.  8.  Audetis,  ausus 
est,  audebimus. 

88.  1.  Huiic  colleni  natura  munitum  defendere 
conabimur.  2.  Helvetii  e  suTs  finibus  egress!  sunt. 
3.  Nemo  ausus  est  proficisci.  4.  Has  litteras  mittere 
nondum  conati  sumus.  5.  Quis  resistere  audebit? 
6.  Copiae  paulum  morabuntur.  7.  lu  banc  urbem 
celeriter  revertemur.  8.  Per  mensem  Aprilem  in  hac 
provincia  morabatur.  9.  Post  quinque  dies  proficisce- 
tur.  10.  IsTatura  loci  exercitum  morata  est.  11.  Se- 
quani  de  injuriis  Germanorum  queruntur. 

89.  How  CoRvixus  Wox  His  Name. 

Exercitus  Romanus  adversus  Gallos  profectus  erat, 
cum^  quidam  ex-  Gallis  tinum  ex^  Pomanis  provocavit. 
Tum  Marcus  Valerius  se  obtulit^  et  processit  armatus 
in  pugnam.  Corvus  super  ejus  dextrum  bracchium 
sedit,  et  alls  atque  unguibus  oculos  Galll  verberabat. 
Sic  siiperavit  Valerius  et  a  corvo  nomen  Corvlnum 
accepit. 


1  cum  :  xijhen. 

2  ex  :   of. 

3  se  obtulit :  presented  himself. 


38  The  Periph7'astic   Conjugations. 

LESSON   XXX. 

The  Periphrastic  Conjugations. 

§  115. 

90.  VOCABULARY. 

aedificium,  i  (ii),  n.,  build-  institutum,  i,  n.,  institution. 

ing.  modus.  T,  m.,  manner,  way. 

atque,  and,  and  also.  regnum,  i,   n.,  regal  power, 
dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus,  I  say,  kingdom. 

tell.  subsidium,  i  (ii),  n.,  assist- 
effugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugiturus,  ance. 

I  escape.  trado,  ere,  tradidi,  traditus, 
incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus,  I         I  hand  over. 

begin. 

9L  1.  Dicturus  est,  dicturl  sunt,  dicturus  erat. 
2.  Dictura  erat,  dictiiri  fuerunt,  dicturl  estis.  3.  Pro- 
fecturus     fuT,     profectiiri     eramus,     profectura     est. 

4.  Tradendus     est,     tradendi     sunt,     tradenda     est. 

5.  Traditurus  es,  traditurus  fuisti,  traditurl  fuerunt. 

6.  Sequendus     est,     sequendi     sunt,   '  sequendus     es. 

7.  Secuturus  est,  secutura  fuit,  secuturi  eramus. 

92.  lo  Hoc  dicturl  eramus.  2.  Milites  nostri  hoc 
oppidum  oppugnaturi  erant.  3.  Ea  profectura  fuit. 
4.  Haec  castra  defendenda  sunt.  5.  Pax  cum  alils 
civitatibus  confirmanda  est.  G.  Libertas  nostra  de- 
fendenda est.  7.  Bellum  gesturus  fuit.  8.  Sese 
traditurl  fuerunt.  9.  Hoc  regnum  atque  haec  insti- 
tuta  defensuri  sumus.  10.  Haec  nova  aediiicia  incipi- 
enda  sunt.  11.  Sociis  nostrls  subsidium  missilri 
fuimus.     12.  Aliqui  modus  effugiendi  iiiveniendus  est. 


Irregular  Verbs :    Possum,   Do. 


39 


LESSON   XXXI. 

Review. 

93.  1.  Hae  civitates  in  amicitia  Belgarum  man- 
serant.  2.  Signa  militaria  vidimus.  3.  Quis  eos 
timebit  ?  4.  Del  hostes  prohibeant  5.  Equites  nos- 
tri  illud  oppidum  expugnavisse  videntur.  6.  Milites 
in  castrTs  continebuntiir.  7.  Partem  auxiliorum  rell- 
querat.  8.  Has  provincias  fortiter  defendemus.  9.  Legi- 
ones  in  castra  reduxerat.  10.  Has  naves  relinquere 
coguntur.  11.  Legatl  totlus  Galliae  undiqne  con- 
veniimt.  12.  Plurimi  nuntil  venerunt.  13.  Equitatus 
noster  agmen  hostium  impediet.  14.  Magna  copia 
frumenti  in  his  regionibus  inventa  est. 


V 


\- 


LESSON   XXXII. 

Irregular  Verbs  :  Compounds  of  Sum;  Possum;  Do. 

§§  124-127. 

94. 


VOCABULARY. 


absum,  esse,  afuT,  afuturus, 
I  am  absent^  distant. 

ac  (atque) ,  and.,  and  also ; 
acis  not  used  before  vowels. 

adsum,  adesse,  adfui,  I. am 
present,  at  hand. 

adversarius,  ii,  m.,  adver- 
sary. 

Africa,  ae,  f.,  Africa. 

amplus,  a,  um,  ample. 

certus,  a,  um,  sure. 

desum,  deesse,  defuT.  defu- 
turus,  I  am  wanting^  I  fail. 


facultas,  tatis,  f.,  siipply  ;  pi. 
riches. 

fiducia,  ae,  f.,  confidence. 

hiberna,  orum,  n.  pi,  vjinter 
quarters. 

longe,  far. 

pauci,  ae,  a,  feiv;  used  only 
in  plural. 

possessio,  onis,  f.,  posses- 
sion. 

praesum,  esse,  fui.  I  am  in 
chqrge  of. 

Romulus,  1,  m.,  Bomulus. 


40  Irregular   Verbs :    Possum,  Do. 

95.  1.  Afui,  aberunt,  afuturus,  absens.  2.  Aderant, 
adero,  adfuisti.  3.  PotuT,  posse,  poterat.  4.  Potero, 
potuero,  poterunt,  potueriiit,  potueruiit.  5.  Potnisse, 
potiiissem,  possit.  6.  Possunt,  potuit,  potuerat.  7.  De- 
derit,  dent,  dedissent.  8.  Dabat,  dedisse,  dandl. 
9.  Dedit,  dabunt,  dederunt,  dedistis.  10.  Praefuisse, 
praefuissent,  praefuit. 

96.  1.  Magna  peciinia  tibi  jam  data  erat.  2.  Fidu- 
cia  nobis  defuit.  3.  Adversaril  tin  aderant.  4.  Quare 
hiberna  els  legionibus  defuerunt  ?  5.  Quis  mihi  am> 
plas  facultates  dabit  ?  6.  Italia  ab  Africa  longe  abest. 
7.  Quid  aliud  facere  possumus  ?  8.  Principem  hiijus 
legationis  audire  non  potuimus.  9.  Possessionem 
hujus  agri  dedisti.  10.  Romulus  populo  Pomano 
mores  ac  leges  dederat.  11.  Date  nobis  certain 
spem !     12.  Adesse  non  potero. 

97.  The  Lamb  and  the  Wolf. 

Agnus  et  lupus  ad  eundem  rivum  venerant.  Lupus 
stabat  superior,  et  longe  inferior  agnus.  Tum  lupus, 
"  Cur  "  inquit  "  turbulentam  ^  milii  fecisti  aquam  ?  "  At 
agnus,^  "QuI^  possum  id  facere?  Aqua  a  te  ad  me 
decurrit."  Sic  repulsus  lupus,  "  Ante  sex  menses,"  in- 
quit  "maledixisti  milii."  Respondit  agnus,  "Ego  non- 
dum  natus  eram."  Lupus,  "  Certe  pater  tuus  "  inquit 
"  mihi  maledixit,"  itaque  agnum  laceravit. 

1  cur  turbulentam  fecisti  aquam  :  why  have  yoii  made  the 
water  muddy  f 

2  agnus  :  i.  e.  the  lamb  said.  ^  q^i  .  jf^g^^  f 


Irregular  Verbs :    Fero  and  Compounds.      41 

LESSO:Nr   XXXIIL 

Irregular  Verbs  :  Fero  axd  its  Compounds 

§129:" 

98.  VOCABULARY. 

affero,  ferre,  attulT,  allatus,  labor,  oris,  m.,  labor,  exer- 

I  bring.  tion. 

calamitas,  tatis,  f.,  c«?«?u%.  perfero,  ferre,  tuli,  latus,  / 
confero,  ferre,  tulT,  coUatus,  endure. 

I  bring   together;  se  con-  •pxbtin.vis,  forthwith,  straight- 

ferre,  to  betake  oneself.  v:ay. 

de,  prep.  w.  abl.,  concerning  ;  refero,  ferre,  rettuli,  relatus, 

o/,  from.  I  bring  back,  return. 

dolor,  oris,  m.,  grief.  tot,  indecl.,  so  many. 

interea,  in  the  meanwhile.  tumultus,  us,  m.,  uprising. 

99.  1.  RettulT,  relatus,  rettulisse.  2.  Feramus, 
feremus,  ferunt,  ferent.  3.  Tulerunt,  ferenclT,  laturns. 
4.  Tulisse,  ferens,  ferebat.  5.  Affertur,  afferetur, 
allatus  est.  6.  Referebatur,  referrl,  relatus  esse. 
7.  Referens,  referendo,  relatiirus.  8.  Contuleram, 
contulissemus,  contulisse.  9.  ConferrT,  collatus,  con- 
ferencli. 

100.  1.  Signa  protinus  relata  sunt.  2.  Helvetii  se 
ad  montem  contulerunt.  3.  Vobis  subsidium  feremus. 
4.  Quis  haec  supplicia  perferre  poterit  ?  5.  Hic 
nuntius  famam  de  tumultil  attulit.  6.  Interea  has  tot 
calamitates  perferebamus.  7.  Sine  liac  spe  hos  labores 
numquam  pertulissem.  8.  Magna  copia  frumenti 
allata  erat.      9.  Adventus  repentinus  Caesaris  novas 


42     Irregular   Verbs :    Volo,  Nolo,  Malo,  Flo. 

spes  militibus  affert.     10.  Haec  impedimenta  refere- 
bantur.      11.  Hos  dolores  perferre  non  potuissem. 

LESSON   XXXIV. 
Irregular  Verbs  :   Volo,  Nol5,  Malo,  Fio. 

§§130;  131. 

101.  VOCABULARY. 

adorior,   iri,   dttus  sum,   /  fio,  fieri,  factus  sum,  6e  do ?«e, 

attack.  occur;  become. 

oertior,    comp.    of    certus  ;  funditor,  oris,  m.,  sZiMgrer. 

more  certain;  oertior  fieri,  lapis,  idis,  m.,  stone. 

to  he  informed.  maritimus,  a,  um,  of  the  sea, 
creber,  bra,  brum,  frequent.  maritime. 

credo,  ere,   didi,   ditum,    /  ob,  prep.  w.  ace,  on  account 

believe.  of. 

defectio,  onis,  f.,  revolt.  recens,  entis,  recent. 

discedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu-  timor,  oris,  m.,/ear. 

rus,  /  depart,  withdraw.  vallum,  i,  n.,  intrenchment. 

dissensio,  onis,  f.,  disagree-  volo,   velle,   volui,    /  ivish, 

ment.  am  willing. 

fere,  generally.  > 

102.  1.  Mavis,  maluisse,  mavult.  2.  Malit,  malet, 
maluit.  3.  Maluerant,  malebat,  malumus.  4.  Volue- 
ram,  voluissetis,  voluit.  5.  Voliiistis,  voluisse,  volunt. 
6.  Volent,  voliieramus,  voletis.  7.  Noluisse,  noliiit, 
nolunt.  8.  Nolet,  non  vult,  noluerant.  9.  Nolnmus, 
nolebat,  noluistl.  |10.  Fit,  f actus  est,  factum  erat. 
11.   Fiat,  factus,  factus  esse. 

J103.   1.   Discedere  maluerat.     2.   Caesar  de  lils  re- 
bus certior  factus  erat.     3.  Nemo  hic  manere  maluit. 


Irregular  Verbs :    Volo,  Nolo,  Malo,  Flo.     43 

4.  Recentes  victorias  laudare  volumus.  5.  Quid  ma- 
luisses  ?  6.  Ob  has  causas  crebrae  dissensiones  fle- 
bant.  7.  Ob  timores  hoc  vallum  adorlri  noluerunt. 
8.  Ab  ora  maritima  discedere  volebat.  9.  Galli  in 
llbertate  manere  malunt.  10.  Homines  id  quod  vo- 
lunt  fere  credunt.  11.  Nos  de  defections  Gallorum 
certiores  fact!  sumus.    12.  Funditores  lapides  volebant. 

104.      The  Philosopher  and  the  King. 

Philosophus  a  rege  talentum  petiit.  Rex  respondit, 
''Talentum  est  plus  quam^  quod"  philosophus  petere 
debet."  Tunc  denarium  petiit,  cum  rex  respondit, 
"Denarius  est  minus  quam  quod  rex  dare  debet." 

The  Fox  and  the  Grapes. 

Vulpes  fame  coacta  ^  tivam  in  alta  vinea  pendentem  ^ 
appetebat,  summis  viribus  saliens.  Ut^  tangere  non 
potuit,  discessit.  "  ISTondum,"  inquit, "  matura  est ;  nolo 
acerbam  ^  sumere." 


1  quam  :  than.  ^  quod  :  what. 

3  fame  coacta  :  forced  by  hunger. 
*  pendentem  :  hanging.  ^  ut :  «s,  when. 

6  acerbam  :    limiting  earn   understood   referring  to  uvam ; 
translate :  lohen  sour. 


44        E6  and  Compounds;   Defective  Verbs, 


LESSON   XXXV. 

Irregular  Verbs  :  E6  and  Compounds  ;  Defective 

Verbs. 

§§  132 ;  133. 

105?^  VOCABULARY. 

adeo,  ire,  ii,  iturus,    /  ap-  initium,  T  (ii),  n.,  beginning. 

proach.  "^"^»fe.--*^intere6,    ire,    ii,    iturus,    / 

circiter,  about.  perish. 

circunieo,  ire,  ii,  itua,  I  go  '"pereo,  ire,  ii,  iturus,  I  perish. 

around.,  surround,  j      x  redeo, ire,  ii, itiirus,  7  reii^ni, 

clam,  secretly.            j             ^  go  hack. 

flumen,  inis,  n.,  riv^r.  transeo,  ire,  ii,  itus,  I  cross., 

hiic,  hither.                '  cross  over. 

ibi,  there.,  in  that  place.  trecenti,  ae,  a,  three  hundred. 

ineo,   ire,    ii,    itus,    I   enter  turn,  then,  at  that  time. 

upon;     consilium     inire,  vadum,   i,   n.,  fo7'd^   shallow 

to  form  a  plan.  water. 

fi-lOG.  1.  Interiisse,  interiens,  interiturus.  2.  Interiit, 
interierat,  interire.  3.  Transibamus,  transiit,  transi- 
bunt.  4.  Transibimus,  transiimus,  transeimt.  5.  Adi- 
mus,  adibant,  adii,  adiisse.  6.  Aditunis  esse,  adiit, 
adierant,  adiissem.  7.  Kedibitis,  redierunt,  redibas. 
8.  RedienSj  redieratis,  redibimt,  redltis.  9.  Odisse, 
meminisse,  odit,  meminit. 

.  1^1.'  1.  Hoc  flumen  clam  transiimus.  2.  Circiter 
trecenti  pedites  redierunt.  3.  Khenus  flumen  in  hoc 
loco  vado  transitur.  4.  Vallum  adire  vix  coeperant. 
5.  Haec  castra  circumiit.  6.  Consilium  melius  inea- 
mus.     7.  Omnes  injurias  meministi  quas  f rater  tuus 


Impersonal    Ver^bs. 


45 


pertulit.  8.  Duo  mlllia  equitum  ibi  perierunt 
9.  Hue  redeat.  10.  Ex  hac  provincia  in  urbem 
redierat.     11.  Qiiar&- initium  transeundi  turn  fecisti  ? 


LESSON   XXXVI. 


/>i-l^«^-^  * 


Impersonal  Verbs.  —  Questions  and  Answers 


0 


108. 


abeo,   ire,    ii,   iturus,    / 

av-ay. 
accido,  ere,  idi,  happen. 
advenio,  ire.  veni,  ventum, 

/  arrive. 
concurro,    ere,    i,    cursum, 

run  together. 
incommodum,  i,  n.,  disaster. 
licet,  impers.,  it  is  permitted. 


§§138;  162,  1,2,  5 

VOCABULARY. 

go 


nrr 


^Q- 


n 


oportuit,    it 


oportet,    ere, 

behooves. 
per,   prep.  w.  ace,    through, 

by. 
perfuga.  ae.  m.,  deserter. 
pervenio,  ire,  veni,  ventum. 

/  come,  arrive. 
quando,  interrog.,  ichen  ? 
quo.  interr.,  whither? 


neglego,  ere,  lexi ,  lectus,  /  _^crib6,  ere,    scripai,   scrip- 
neglect.  tus,  /  lurite. 

109.   1.  Licuit,  licebat,  licebit.     2.  Oportebat,  opor- 
tuit,   acciderat.       3.    Verendum   est,    verendum   erat.- 
4 

K  110. 

'    perventum  erat 


X 


Convenieirdriin'est,  con  ventum  est,  adventum  _er|tt^' 

Quis  ibi  raansit  ?  2.  AdeuHdnm  est.  3.  Eo 
4.  Statim  dimicatum  est.  5.  Un- 
dique  ad  munitiones  concurritur.  6.  Nonne  ve^tera 
incommoda  meministi  ?  Bene  meminl.  7.  Quo 
abierunt  ?  8.  Hasne  litteras 
sci'ipsissem.  9.  Ubi  eras  ?  10. 
dibitis  ?       11.    Quid   dixisses  ? 


scripsisses 


Non 


Quando   ad  nos  re- 
12.    Num    oflficium 


negleges  ? 


Non  nesrlesam. 


Revieiv. 


111.  1.  Are  you  neglecting  your  duties  ?  2.'  Is  it 
permitted  to  write  a  letter  lier^  ?  3.  Who  fears  dis- 
asters  now  ?  No  one.  4.  What  rewards  did  you  give 
to  these  b^ave  soldiers?  5.  Will  you  not  go  to  the 
city  ?  Certainly.  Wijl-you  ^  ?  6.  When  will  the  sur- 
render occur?  T.r^ou  haven't  weapons,  have  ;^ou  ? 
No.  8.  Have  you  defended  the  gates  of  this  town  ? 
Yes.     9.  DciYou  remember  my  favors  ? 


o 


LESSON   XXXVII. 


/  "     '   "'     i,..^    wv.^- 


Review. 

112.  1.  Caesar  eo  rediit,  uhde  profectus  erat. 
2.  Hostes  initium  transeundl  faciunt.  3.  Equites, 
qui  Rhenum  transierant,  nondum  redierant.  4.  Hostes 
dextrum  cornu  circumire  conantur.  5.  D6  his  rebiis  \/' 
per  perfugas  certior  factus  est.  6.  Quare  socios  nos- 
tros  semper  vexare ,  vultis  ?  7.  Ob  eam  rem  crebra 
proelia  fiebant.  ^Exlcastris  Gallorum  fit  repentlna 
fuga7^/9.  Helvetii  impedimenta  in  unum  locum  contu- 
leruii^  10.  Hic  nuntius  condiciones  pacis  affert. 
11.  Ignominiam  ferre  non  possumus.  12.  Multas 
calamitates  pertulimus.  13.  Equites  et  naves  et  fru- 
mentum  Bomanis  deerant. 


1  The  verb  must  be  expressed. 


SYNTAX. 


-0-0>^  OO- 


THE   CASES. 


LESSON   XXXVIII. 

Accusative  of  Direct  Object.  —  Two  Accusatives: 
Direct  Object  axd  Predicate  Accusative. 


113. 


§§172;   173;  177,  1,2,3. 


VOCABULARY. 


ad,  prep.  w.  ace,  for  (denot- 
ing purpose). 
appello,  1,  I  name ^  call. 
audax,  acis,  courageous. 
certiorem  facere,  to  inform., 


Galba,  ae,  m.,  Galba,  a  man's 

name. 
Geneva,    ae,    f.,    Geneva^   a 

town  of  the  Allobroges. 
idoneus,  a.  um,  suitable. 


lit.  to  make  more  certain.  \s.     judico,  1,  Ijudye,  adjudge. 


Cicero,  onis,  m. ,  Cicero,  the 

Roman  orator.       ''    [choose. 

deligo,   ere,   legi,    lectus,  / 

efficio,    ere,    feci,  fectus,   / 

mah^jender.h 


Kalendae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  the 
Kalends,  first  day  of  the 
month. 

orator,  oris,  m.,  orator. 


,/|^14.  1.  Helvetii  hoc  oppidiim  Genevam  appella- 
verinit.  2.  Virtus  imperatoris  milites  fortiores  effecit. 
3.  Galba  dux  factus  erat.  4.  Te  de  adventu  equitum 
certiorem  feceram.  5.  Hunc  collem  ad  mimieudum 
idoneum  judicavit.     6.  Quis  homo  dux  delectus  est  ? 

47 


48  Accusative  of  Direct   Object. 

7.  Ilium  virum,  qui  fortissimus  erat,  ducem  delegimus. 

8.  Ciceronem,  oratoreni    optimum,  consulem  fecimus. 

9.  Roman!  primum  diem  cujusque  mensis  Kalendas 
apnel'i.averunt. 

115,  1.  The  troops  adjudged  Galba  the  victor. 
2.  Cicero  was  chosen  consul.  3.  He  immediately  in- 
formed  the  senate  of  these  plots.  4.  G-alba  had  been 
made  coinmander  by  the  soldiers.  5.  Marcus  will  be 
called  noble  and  courageous^^  6.  He  would  have  shown 
himself  a  powerful  adversary.  7.  Marcus  judged  this 
victory  a  great  calamity:  8.  Caesar  adjudged  the^ 
Belgians  the  bravest  of  all  the  d-auls.  9.  Time  and 
place  often  make  men  bold.  10.  We  shall  choose  you 
praetor, 

116.  Incorruptible. 

Legatus  quidam  a  rege  Persarum  magnum  pondus 
aurl  f erens  Thebas  ^  venit,  ut  Epaminondam  pectinia 
corrumperet.^  Is  autem  ^  aurum  accipere  noluit.  "  Ni- 
hil enim,"  inquit,  "  opus  pecunia  est.^  Nam  si  rex  ea 
vult  quae  Thebanis  sunt  utilia,  sine  pecunia  faciam; 
sin  contraria  vult,  non  satis  aurl  et  argentl^  habet." 

1  Thebas  :  to  Thebes. 

2  ut  corrumperet :  in  order  that  he  might  bribe,  in  order  to 
bribe. 

3 Is  autem:  but  he;  autem  regularly  stands  second  in  the 
Latin  sentence. 

*  nihil  opus  pecunia  est :  there  is  no  need  of  money. 

'^  satis  auri  et  argent!  :  lit.  enough  of  gold  and  silver,  i.e. 
enough  gold  and  silver. 


Tivo  Accusatives:  Person  and   TJung.        49 


LESSOX   XXXIX. 

Two  Accusatives:  Person  and  Thing;  Accusative 
WITH  Compounds;  Accusative  of  Time  and 
Space;  Accusative  of  Limit  of  Motion. 

§§  178,  a,h,c;  179,  1,  3  ;  181,  1  ;   182,  1,  a,  b ;  182,  2. 


117. 


VOCABULARY. 


annus,  i,  m.,  year. 
Athenae,  arum,  f.  ip\.,  Athens. 
contineo,  ere,  ui,  I  confine, 
^Tieepr  [Danube. 

Danuvius,    i    (ii),    in.,     the 
Darius,  i,  m.,  Darius. 
doceo.    ere,    uT,    doctus^  .  / 

teach. 
flagito,  1,  I  demand. 
hiems,  is,  f.,  idnter. 
obtineo,   ere,   uT,   tentus,  / 

occupy,  hold. 


octoginta,  indecl.,  eightyr' 
passus,    us,    m.,   pace    (five 

feet). 
pes,  pedis.  ncL,  ^etr  '^ 
procedo,  ere.  cessi,  cessu: 

rus,  I  advance. 


traduco.  ere,  duxT,  ductus, 

/  lead  across. 
triduuna,  i,  n.,  three  days. 
turns,  IS,  I.,  to'cer. 
vivo,  ere,  vixi,  victurus,  1 

live. 


ifiio-il.  Post  initium  hiemis  tres  menses  in  his 
re'gi^mbus  moratus  est.  2.  Postea  decern  millia  pas- 
suum  pvocesserunt.  3.  Darius  copias  suas  Danuvium 
tradtixit.      4.    Ilia    turris    triginta    pedes    alta   fiiit. 

5,  Caesar    multos    annos    bellnm    in    Gallia    gessit. 

6.  Hie  locus  trecentos  passus  aberat.     7.  Te  pecuniam 
Iquam  milii   debes;  flagitabam.       8.  Hic    rex   triginta 

annos  regnum  obtinuit,  octoginta  vixit.  9.  Triduuni 
mansimus  incolumes.  10.  Copias  totam  hiemem  in 
castris  continuit.  11.  Copiae  Danuvium  traductae 
sunt. 


50  The  Dative  of  Indirect  Object. 

.11^;  '1.  I  have  often  reminded  you  (of)  this.  2.  Ario- 
tstus  will  lead  the  barbarians  across  the  Ehine. 
3.  We  have  been  friends  manvyears.  4,  Darius  hadj 
kept  his  prisoners  in  this  towei  fol^ten  months.  S.'^'he 
envoys  ask  aid  of'.  Caesar.  uTl  will  teach  you  all 
these  things.  "7.  They  could  scarcely  advance  eighty 
paces  into  the  forest.  8.  Caesar  demanded  thirty 
hostages  of  the  Helvetians.  9.  They  will  return 
home.      10.  When  shall  we  come  to  Athens? 

LESSON   XL. 
The  Dative  of  lNJii,RE^|OajECT. 
^§  186 ;  187,  I,  II,  III.     ' 

120.  VOCABULARY. 

antea,  previousltj,  before.  persuadeo,  ere,  suasi,  sua- 

confido      ere,     fisus      sum  sum,  I  persuade. 

(§  114,  1),  I  trust.  j^aceo,    ere,    ul,    iturus,    / 

donum,  I,  n.,  gift.  /f  please. 

infero,    ferre,    tuli,   latus,  /  praeficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus, 

bring  upon.,  bring  against.  I  put  in  charge.,  place    in 

noceo,    ere,   nocui,  nocitu-  ■      command. 

rus,  I  injure.,  harm.^  res  publica,  gen.  rel  publi- 

\^»-«rati6,  onis,  f.,  speech.  cae,  f.,  state.,  republic. 

Y\    parco,  ere,  peperci,  parsu-  sermo,    onis,    m.,    conversa- 

c^ — jr^^   J  spare.  tion. 


121.  1.  Parcite,  civeSj  rei  publicae.  2.  Has  litteras 
tibi  jam  miseram.  3.  Egone  vobis  nocui?  4.  Confi- 
dite^  nillites,  imperatori  vestro !  5.  Nullis  legatis 
oratione  mea  persuadere  poteram.      G.    Te  castris  mi- 


1  ••■tM 


The  Dative  of  Indirect   Object.  51 

noribus  praefeceram.  7.  Galba  his  hlbernis  praefuit. 
8.  Nemo  nobis  bellum  Inferet.  9.  Fratri  tuo  facile 
persuasissem.  10.  Huic  negotio  te  praeficiemus. 
11.  Hie  sermo  mihi  maxime  placuerat.  12.  Militibus 
jam  antea  persuaserat.  __    - 

ril?2.  1.  The  senate  put  Cicero  in  charge  of  the 
republic.  2.  The  Seqiiani  sent  swoms  and  other  gifts 
to  the  Gernians.  3.  Sarins  spared  the  fives  of  almost 
all  his  p^son^'s.  4.  His  conversation- greatly  pleases 
me.  5.  We  shall  persuade  the  cohlmander  of  this  co- 
hort. 6.  Trust  your  friends.  7.  We  shall  bravely 
resist  the  enemy.  8.  I  sent  a  man  whom  I  especially 
trusted.     9.  These  terms  of  peace  pleased  no  one. 

123.  Two  Jests  of  Cicero. 

1.  Yatinius  tantum  ^  paucos  dies  consulatum  gessit. 
Hinc  Cicero  notabili  urbanitate  dixit,  "Magnum  os- 
tentum  anno  Vatini  factum  est,  quod  illo  consule  ^  nee; 
hiems  nee  ver  nee  aestas  nee  autumnus  fuit."  2.  Len- 
tulus,  gener  Ciceronis,  fuit  homo  exiguae  statiirae. 
Cum^  socer  ilium  longo  gladio  accinctum  vidisset, 
"Quis"  inquit  "  generum  meum  ad  ilium  gladium  alli- 
gavit  ?  " 

1  tantum :  onJ>j. 

2  1116  consule  :  lit.  he  (being)  consul,  i.e.  in  his  consulship. 
2 cum  vidisset:   translate  as  though  indicative, — when  he 

had  seen. 


52  Dative  of  Reference  ;  of  Agency, 

LESSON   XLI. 

Dative  of  Keference;  of  Agency;  of  Possession; 
OF  Purpose  ;   with  Adjectives. 

§§  188,  1  and  Note ;  189,  1  ;  190  ;  191  ;  192,  1,  2. 

VOCABULARY. 

adversus,  a,  um,  adverse.  par,  paris,  equal;  w.  dat.,  a 

colloquium,   i  (ii),  n.,  con-  match  for. 

ference.  tain,  so  (of  degree). 

corpus,  oris,  n.,  hady.  usus.  us,  m.,  use,  service. 

inimicus,  a,  um,  hostile.  ventus,  i,  m.,  wind. 
obstruo,  ere,  struxi,  struc- 

tus,  /  block,  obstruct. 

(125. '  1.  Haec  castra  nobis  fortiter  defendenda  sunt. 

2.  Haec  verba  tibi  probanda  sunt.  3.  Consilium  ves- 
trum  miM  magno  usui_erat.  4.  Pacultates  amplae 
amico  nieo  sunt,  5.  Diem  colloquio  constituamus. 
6.  Hunc  locum  castrls  delegerat.  7.  Magnae  classes 
Romanis  erant.  8.  Quare  mihi  tarn  inimicus  eras  ? 
9.  Galli  exercitui  Romano  non  pares  erant.  10.  Hi 
viri  hostibus  iter  suls  corporibus  obstruxerunt.  11.  Hic 
ventus  navibus  nostrls  adversus  fuit. 

2J/  1.  Aid  miTst   be  sent  by  Ariovistus   without 
delay.     2.  He  will  choose  a  place  suitable  for  a  fort. 

3.  These  towns  are  next  to  the  sea.  4.  He  gave  (to)  the 
soldiers  swords  and  shields  for  rewards.  5.  Caesar 
was  obstructing  the  march  of  the  Helvetians.  6.  He 
has  always  been  hostile  to  me.  7.  The  fields  and 
rivers  seem  beautiful  to  Marcus.  8.  This  plain  was 
suitable  for  a  cavalry  battle. 


\  .  0*^ 


/ 


The   Grenitive  zvith  Nouns.        '  53 

LESSON   XLII. 

The  Gexitiye  with  jSTouxs. 

§§  195  ;  198  ;  199  ;  200  ;  201,  1,  2  ;  203. 

VOCABULARY. 

aesti^,  atis,  f.,  summer.  levis,  e.  light. 

altitude,     inis,    f. ,    height  ;  modus,  i,  m.,  kind,  sort. 

depth.  nonnuUus,  a.  um.  some. 

armatura,     ae,     f.,     equip-  occido,    ere,    occidi,    occi- 

ment.  sus,   /  kill. 

causa,  ae,  f. ,  cause.  parum,     indecl.,     little,     too 
duodecini,  indecl.,  twelve.  little. 

enim,   for  ;    cannot  begin   a  quantum,  how  much  ? 

sentence.  satis,  enough. 

etiam,  also.  singularis,  e,  matchless. 

gratus,  a,  um,  pleasing,  wel-  supersum.  esse,  fui,  remain. 

come.  virtus,  tutis.  f.,  virtue. 

^28.  1.  Qiaantum  pabuli  in  castris  fiiit?  2.  Memo- 
yi'ia  tua  beneficiorum  meorum  mihi  gratissfina  est. 
3.  Non  erat  satis  pecuniae.  4.  Hic  aclulescens  sin- 
gularis virtutis  est. .  o.  ]Milites  nostrl  fossam  duodecini 
pedum  in  altitudinem  ^  conipleverunt.  16.  Erant  etiam 
milites  nonnuUi  levis  armatiirae.  7!  Non  niultum 
aestatis  supererat.  8.  Parum  praesidi  nobis  est. 
9.  Maxima  pars  equitatus  occisa  est.  10.  Is"eiiio  plus 
auctcritatis  quam  Caesar  uim  habebat.  11.  Ille  enim 
maximae  auctoritatis  fuit.> 

129.    1.  How  much  money  have  you?     2.  The  in- 
fluence of  this  chief  renders  the  Helvetians  hostile  to 


Literally,  into  depth.     Translate  :  in  depth. 


54     The   Genitive  with  Adjactives  and  Verbs, 

the  Komans.     3.  A  ditch  of   great  depth  blocks  the        ^ 
nmfch.  '    4.    The  Sequani  are  of  matchless  valor  and  ^^      ^ 
fidelity.     5.  How  much  grain  have  you  ?     6.  He  is  (a 
man)  of  small  influence  among  these  tribes.     7.  I  have.)^ 
not  enoiie:h  money.""  8.  .The  soldiers  have  be^un  to 
have   suspicions   of   danger.'      9.    The   terror   qf   the 
citizens  is  without  cause.     10.  Have  you  ever  seen  a 
man  of  this  kind  before  ? 


130.  The  Frog  and  the  Ox. 

In  prato  quondam  rana  bovem  conspexit  et  invidia 
tacta  pellem  mflavit.  Turn  natos^  rogavit  num^  bove 
latior^  esset.  Illi  negabant.  E,ursus  pellem  intendit 
rursusque*  rogavit  uter  major  esset.^  111!  dixerunt, 
"  Bos  est  major.^'  Denique  validius  conatur  se  inttare 
atque  corpus  rupit. 

LESSON   XLIIL 

The  Genitive  with  Adjectives  and  Verbs. 

§§  204,  1,  2  ;  206,  1,  2,  and  a;  207  ;  208,  1,  2. 

131.  VOCABULARY. 

accuse,  1,  I  accuse.  eruptio,  onis,  f.,  sally. 

admoneo,    ere,   ui,    itus,  I      facinus,     inoris,     ii.,     deed, 

remind,  warn.  crime. 

caedes,  is,  f.,  slaughter.  furtum,  i,  n.,  theft. 

1  natos  :  he)'  children.  ^  num  esset :  xohether  she  was. 

3  bove  latior  :  broader  than  the  ox. 

4  rursusque  :  and  again.      ^  esset :  was. 


*  Revieiu.  55 

nocturnus,  a.  um,  at  night.  pristinus,    a,    um,    pristine^ 

obliviscor,  i,  oblitus  sum,  former. 

I  forget.  -que,  enclitic  conj.,  and 

plenus,  a,  um,  full.  i                                       J/ 

'(^132.  1.  Nonne  illiiis  eruptionis  nocturnae  memi- 
nistis  ?  2.  Vita  illius  viii  periculorum  plena  fuit. 
3.  Hiijus  facinoris  iion  obliviscemiir.  4.  Galli  ^ell^'- 
Vupidi  fuerunt.  5.  Virttitis  majoruQi  suorum  memi- 
nerant.  6.  Beneficioruin  tuoriim  non  obltviscor. 
7.  Eum  ami'citiae  nostrae  admoniu.  8.  jSTonne  hoc 
merainisti?  9.  Qiiis  nos  furti  accusat?  10.  Caesar  , 
Gallos  defectionis  pristiiiae  admonuit.  11.  Obliviscere^: 
belli  caedisque ! 

133.  1.  These  barbarians  were  fond  of  war. 
2.~^\e  life  of  the  soldier  is  full  of  dangers.  3.  The 
father  reminded  his  sons  of  these  duties.  4.  The 
troops  were  fond  of  danger  and  often  made  sallies 
at  night.  5.  Remember  your  ancestors  and  their 
pristine  customs.  6.  Cicero  accused  this  man  of  many 
crimes.  7.  He  long  remembered  the  kindnesses  of 
his  friend.  8.  Loyalty  is  common  to  all  Roman  sol- 
diers. 9.  Let  us  forget  all  controversies  and  dissen- 
sions. 

LESSON   XLIV.  ■^"-' ^  ' 

Review. 

134.  1.  Galba  in  vico  qui  Octodurus  appellatur 
hiemabat.  2.  Helvetii  hunc  locum  opportunissimum 
judicaverunt.    3.  Sine  magno  periculo  copias  Rhenum 


56  The  Ablative. 

tradtixit.  4.  Sententiam  rogatus  est.  5.  Caesar- 
omnibus  mulieribus  peper^iU,  6.  Ei  munltioni  qiiain 
fecerat  Galbam  praefgcit.  7.  Lauclat  eos  qui  huic 
negotio  praefuerant.  8.  Milites  nostri  maximum 
terrorem  liostibus  Inferunt.  9.  Hostes  nobis  in  con- 
spectum  venerant.  10.  Castris  erat  satis  praesidi. 
11.  Helvetii  pristinae  virtutis  suae  non  obllvlscuntur. 

LESSON   XLV. 

The  Ablative.  —  True  Ablative  Uses:  Separation, 
Source,  Agent,  Comparison. 

§§  214,  1,  a-d;  215;  216;  217,  1,  3. 

135.  VOCABULARY. 

amplius,  adv.,  more.  Julius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Julius.,   a 

centum,     indecl.,    one    hun-  man's  name, 

dred.  nascor,  i,  natus  sum,  /  am 

exeo,  ire,  ii,  itum,  /  go  forth,  born. 

go  out.  repello,  ere,  reppuli,  repul- 

expello,  ere,  pull,  pulsus,  I  sus,  I  drive  back,  repel. 

drive  out,  banish.  sescenti,  ae,  a,  six  hundred. 

genus,    eris,    n.,   race,    fam-  sexaginta.  indecl.,  sixty 


ily. 


solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutus,  7     a  ^'^  ^ 
incendo,  ere,  cendi,  census,  loose;    of    ships,    unmoor'  jr 

I  set  on  fire.  naves  solvere,  set  sail.   ^)^, 

136.  1.  Caesar  minus  qulnque  mlllia  passuuimpi'o- 
cessit.  -2.  Milites  nostri  Gallos  a''  vallo  castrorum 
reppulerunt.  3.  Amplius  centum  oppida  a  Caesare 
capta  sunt.  4.  Quid  est  amicitia  pulchrius  ?  5.  Nonne 
est  virtiis  amicitia   pulchrior  ?       6.  GermanI  e  vicis 


The  Ablative.  57 

expulsi  sunt.  7.  Gives  timore  liberabimiis.  8.  Equites 
hostium  vado  fluminis  prohibuimus.  9.  Julius  Caesar 
nobilissimo  genere  natus  est.  10.  Plus  sexaginta 
aedificia  incendebantur.       11.  Quo    patre   natus   es  ? 

12.  Plus  centum  millia  hominum  e  finibus  exierunt. 

13.  Naves  portu  solv-mius. 


.37.  1.  Darius,  the  king  of  the  barbarians,  banr" 
ished  one  hundred  and  sixty  nobles  from  Was  city. 
2.  These  towns  and  villages  were  set  on  fire  by  thte 
Helvetians.  3.  Is  not  the  Khine  deeper  than  the 
Rhone?  4.  Ten  Roman  horsemen  drove  back  more 
;^,  than  a  hundred  Germans  from  the  camp.  5.  Cicero 
\^^j  was  banished  from  the  city  by  the  Roman  peof)le. 
6.  When  shall  I  be4"reedfrom  the  fears  and  griefs  of 
this  life  ?  7.  We  remained  there  less  than  three  days. 
8.  This  place  was  less  than  six  hundred  paces  distant  ^- 
froni  us.     9.  He  was  born  of  a  most  noble  father/  ' 


LESSON    XLVI. 

The     Ablative.  —  Instrumextal     Uses  :     Means, 
Cause,  Manner,  Attendant  Circumstance. 

§^  218,  1,  2,  8 ;  219,  1  ;  220,  1  ;  221. 

138.  VOCABULARY. 

adduce,  ere.  duxi,  ductus,  conficio,   ere,    feci,   fectus, 

Head  on,  impel.  I  use  2ip,  exhaust. 

commutatio,  onis,  f.,  c/mnr/c.  detrimentum.     i,     n.,     loss, 

concursus,    us.    m..    a  con-  damage,  harm. 

course,  crowd.  diguitas,  tatis.  f.,  dignity. 


58  The  Ablative, 

excedo,    ere,  cessi,   cessu-  loquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum, 

rus,  /  withdraw,  depart.  I  speak. 

exitus,  us,  m.,  exit,  passage.  opus,  iiidecl.,  n. ,  need;  opus 

iiiopia,  ae,  f.,  need,  lack.  est,  it  is  necessary,  there  is 

insto,  are,  iti,  I  press  on.  need. 

lacesso,    ere,*  cessivi    (il),  tempestas,  tatis,  f.,  ^ejnpesi. 

itus,  /  harass.  utor,  i,  usus  sum,  /  use. 

\    \ 
\139.)  1.     Hostes   magno   detrimento    repulsi    sunt. 

2.  HTc  legatus  samma  dignitate  locutus  est.  3.  Naves 
hac  tempestate  ad  terram  redire  coactae  sunt.  4.  Ad- 
ventu  Caesaris  magna  commutatio  reruni  facta  est. 
5.  Mllites  longo  itinere  confecti  erant.  6.  Auxilio  aml- 
coruni  nostrorum  utemur.  7.  Nobis  ec[uitibus  pediti- 
busque  o|)us  erij;.  8.  Legati  timore  periculi  e  castrls 
excesserunt.  9.  Germanl  inopia  omnium  rerum  ad- 
ducti    nuntios    de   deditione    ad   Caesarem   miserunt. 

10.  Hostes     equites    nostros     proelio    lacessiverunt. 

11.  Magno  concursu  Instabant.  12.  Exitum  portis 
invenerunt. 

'  140.  1.  He  made  these  changes  with  the  greatest 
ganger.     2.  He  began  his  speech  with  great  dignity. 

3.  The  money  will  not  be  necessary.  4.  He  withdrew  ; 
from  the  line  of  battle  because  of  terror.  5.  He  has  • 
used  little   diligence.      6.    The  plain  was   filled  with 

a  great  multitude  of  men.  7.  This  young  man 
was  exhausted  by  his  great  laboi^s.  8.  The  army 
pressed  on  with  the  greatest  speed.  9.  These 
trenches  were  filled  with  large  stones  by  the  soldiers. 
10.  The  Helvetii  \vere  not  content  with  their  narrow" 
boundaries.  ^— —  "^C 


\ 


The  Ablative.  59 

141.  The  Sibylline  Books. 

Anus  qiiaedam  incognita  ad  Tarquiniuin  regem 
quondam  adiit,  iioveni  libros  ferens,  quos  ^  esse  dieebat 
oracula  divina,  Tarquinius  pretium  percontatus  est ; 
anus  multum  poposcit.     Rex  derisit. 

Turn  ilia  tres  libros  ex  novem  comburit ;  et  rediens  - 
idem  pretium  postulat.     Tarquinius  multo  magis  risit. 

Anus  iterum  tres  alios  libros  comburit  atque  denuo 
rogavit  ut^  rex  tres  reliquos  eodem  pretio  emeret. 
Tanta  ^  constantia  victus  rex  libros  mercatus  est. 

LESSO:Ni    XLVII. 

The  Ablative.  ■ —  Instrumental  TTses  :  Accompani- 
ment, Degree  of  Difference,  Quality,  Price, 
Specification. 

§§  222  ;  223  ;  224  ;  225  ;  226. 

142.  VOCABULARY. 

ante,  adv.,  before.  magistratus,  us,  m.,  magis- 
Cato,  onis,  m.,  Cato.  trate. 

dignus.  a.  um,  worthy.  manus.  us,  f.,  hand;  in  mili- 
domus.  us  (§  40,  4),  f.,  house^  tary  sense,  band,  force, 

home.  '  paulo,  abl.,  by  a  little. 

^  quos  esse  dlcebat :  uihich  she  said  loere^  lit.  lohich  she  said 
to  be. 

-  rediens :  present  participle  of  reded  ;  §  132. 

^ut  rex  emeret :  that  the  king  should  buy. 

**  tanta  constantia  victus :  conquered  by  so  great  per- 
sistency. 


h 


60  The  Ablative. 

post,  afterwards.  supero,  1,  I  surpass  ;  am  su- 

primum,  first,   for  the   first  perior  to ;  governs  the  ace. 

time.  talentum,     i,     n.,     a     talent 

redigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  I  re-  (about  .31200).                [_sell. 

(luce.  vendo,   ere,    didi,   ditus,    / 

R5ina,  ae,  f.,  Borne.  viginti,  iudecl. ,  twenty. 

143.  1.  Hostes  numero  superabant.  2.  Caesar  cum 
quattuor  legionibns  profectus  est.     3.  Caesar  panels 

'  annls  ante  primum  in  Galliam  venerat.  4.  Turris 
jdecem  pedibus  quam  munitio  altior  fuit.  5.  Haec 
'?  domus  viginti  talentis  vendita  est.  6.  Cum  fratre 
1  meo  domum  redii.  7.  Proelium  equestre  panels  ante 
diebns  factum  erat.  8.  Nonne  hi  magistratils  summa' 
fide  dignl  sunt  ?  9.  Tribus  annls  post  Roniam  venit. 
10.  Paulo  post  has  insulas  sub  potestatem  nostrani 
redegimns.  11.  Galli  cum  magna  manu  hoc  oppidum 
oppugnare  incipiunt. 

144.  1.  Your  brother  arrived  a  little  before ;  you 
yourself  a  little  afterwards.  2.  Tliis  horse  surpasses 
all  others  in  speed.  3.  The  magistrate  sold  his  house 
for  ten  talents  and  departed  from  the  city.  4.  He  is 
a  boy  of  great  diligence.  5.  The  tree  is  three  feet 
higher  than  the  building.  6.  The  Romans  are  few  in 
number.  7.  Cato  was  a  man  of  matchless  dignity  and 
influence.  8.  Caesar  led  his  cavalry  with  two  legions 
of  infantry  across  the  river.  9.  This  state  was  of 
great  influence  among  the  Gauls.     10.  That  phin  was 

x'^much  better.     .. — """^ 


x\ 


The  Ablative. 


61 


LESSON   XLVIII. 

The  Ablative. — The  Ablative  Absolute.  —  Loca- 
tive Uses  :  Time  axd  Place.  —  The  Locative. 

§§  227,  1,  2  ;  228  and  1,  a  ;  229,  1  and  1,  a;  230 ;  231  ;  232,  1. 


145. 


VOCABULARY. 


ago,  ere,  egi,  actus,  I  pass, 

spend.  [lose. 

amitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  / 
cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessurus,  / 

yield.,  xoithdraw. 
Crassus,    i,    m.,    Crassus,    a 

man's  name. 
deduc5,  ere,  duxl,  ductus, 

I  lead  avmy. 
desero,  ere,  serui,  sertus,  / 

abandon,  desert. 


fortuna,  ae,  f.,  fortune;  pi., 
fortunae,  arum,  f . ,  fortune 
(possessions) . 

iiisidiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  am- 
bush. 

Italia,  ae,  f.,  Italy. 

no:s,  noctis,  f.,  night. 

Pompejus,  Pompei,  m., 
Pompey,    a   man's   name. 


proximus, 

(§  73,  1). 


um,      next 


(J^Gy  1.  Pompejo,  Crasso  consulibus,  Germani  Rh6- 
num  flumen  transierunt.  2.  His  nationibiis  superatis, 
Caesar  in  hiberna  rediit.  3.  Sex  annls  fortiinas  omnes 
amisit.  4.  Ea  nocte  legiones  e  castris  deduxit.  5.  Prox- 
imo anno  tii  eris  consul.  6.  Uniim  diem  Genevae 
mansisti.  7.  His  locis  erant  maximae  silvae.  8.  Eo 
tempore  de  salute  nostra  desperavit.  9.  Eoma  in 
Galliam  contendit.  10.  Ab  Italia  Athenas  Kalendls 
veiiiam.  11.  Hlo  die  me  deseruisti.  12.  Hostes, 
insidiis  in  silvis  collocatis,  adventum  Romanorum 
exspectabant. 


x; 


/ 147.    1.  He  had  spent  five  years  at  Rome.     2.   On 
that  night  we   discovered  an   ambush  of  the   Gauls. 


62  The  Ablative. 

3.  We  returned  from  Kome,  to  Athens.  4.(  In  the 
consulship  of  Marcus  Cicero,  Pompey  returned  to 
Rome.  5.  He  set  out  immediately  from  Athens. 
6.  Within  live  years  Caesar  conquered  ten  large 
tribes  and  reduced  all  Gaul  to  a  province.  7.  On 
the  next  day  Catp  was  chosen  consul.  8.  /When 
Fortune  is  adverse)  there  is  no  great  hope  of  vic- 
tory. 9.  Having  lost  this  large  fleet,  Caesar  returned 
from  Britain  to  the  coast  of  Gaul. 

148.  The  Tkojan  Horse. 

Duces  Graecorum  fatis  repulsi  equum  aedificant 
Instar  ^  niontis.  In  hoc  viros  armatos  condunt.  Ipsi 
a  Troja  abeunt. 

TrojanI  locos  vident  desertos.  Itaque  portas  pan- 
dun  t,  exeunt,  equum  mirantur,  quem  denique  intra 
muros  ducunt. 

Nox  erat  et  omnes  TrojanI  somnum  placidum  carpe- 
bant,  cum  Graeci  in  equo  inclusi  claustra  laxabant 
atque  ipsi  exibant.  Invadunt  urbem  somno  sepultam 
et  Trojanos  occidunt.     Sic  Troja  deleta  est. 

1  Instar  niontis:  as  large  as  a  mountain;  rhetorical  ex- 
aggeration. 


\rChjJ 

'^'t^ 


0 


SYNTAX   OF   ADJECTIVES   A^D 
PRONOUNS. 


149. 


LESSON   XLIX. 

Adjectives. 

§§  236,  1  ;  237  ;  239  ;  240,  1,  2  ;  241,  1,  2. 

VOCABULARY. 


accedo.  ere.  cessi.  cessu- 
rus,  I  approach,  come. 

conicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  I 
hurl,  cast. 

cursus,  us,  111.,  course,  speed. 

hortor,  ari,  atus  sum.  I  en- 
courage. 

invitus,  a,  um,  unv'illing. 

magnitudo,  inis.  f. .  size. 

perficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  / 
accomplish. 


plerique.  aeque,  aque,  most^ 

very  many. 
polliceor,  eri,   itus  sum,   / 

promise. 
praecipio,  ere,  cepi.  ceptus. 

/  enjoin  upon. 
proicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  / 

throw  forvard.  cast. 
respondeo,    ere,    respond!, 

responsus,  I  answer,  reply. 
tueor,  eri,  /  guard,  protect. 


150.  1.  Plerosque  legates  ab  hoc  colloquio  jjiyitos 
abeuntes  vidimus.  2.  Crassus  primus  accessit.  3.  Haec 
1  actus  creclidi.  4.  Ab  Imo  colle  magno  cursu  ad  flumen 
contenderunt.  5.  E  mediis  castrls  tela  conjecerunt. 
6.  Tibi  multa  respond!.  < .  Pauca  meministi.  8.  Ple-_ 
raque  de  magnitudine  harum  silvarum  audivimus. 
9.  Omnia,  quae  niihi  praecepisti,  perfeci.  10.  Hi  se 
ad  pedes  "imperatoris  projecenmt.  11.  Caesar  suos^ 
hortabatur.  12.  InvTtus  ilia  scrips!.  13.  0 nines  boni 
civitatem  tuentur.    11.  Omnia  polliceris;  nihil  perficis. 


64  Pi'onoims. 

151.  1.  The  good  are  always  beautiful.  2.  Pompey 
drew  up  his  troops  on  the  top  of  the  mountain.  3.  Cae- 
sar was  always  the  first  to  enter  the  battle  and  the  last 
to  withdraw.  4.  We  were  informed  of  these  things  at 
the  end  of  summer.  5.  The  horse  was  very  swift. 
6.  Such  delays  are  becoming  much  too  frequent.  7.  He 
most  unwillingly  promised  us^  this.  8.  He  joyfully 
approached.  9.  In  the  last  portion  of  the  winter 
Caesar  returned  to  Rome.  10.  He  encouraged  his 
(soldiers)  and  ordered  them  to  guard  this  camp. 

LESSON   L. 

Pronouns. 

§§  242,  1,  2 ;  243,  1 ;  245 ;  246,  1,  4 ;  249,  1 ;  253,  1,  2. 

152.  VOCABULARY. 

commoveo,  ere,  movi,  mo-  opprimo,  ere,  pressi,  pres- 

tus,  I  move,  touch.  sus,  /  overwhelm. 

confugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugitu-  perfugi6,ere,  fugl,fugiturus, 

rus,  /  flee  for  refuge.  I  flee. 

differs,  ferre,  distuli,  dila-  scio,    ire,    scivi,    scitus,    1 

tus,  I  differ.  know. 

effugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugiturus,  subeo,  Ire,  ii,  iturus,  /  ap- 

I  escape.                        \_serve.  proach. 

mereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  /  de-  vis,  vis,  f.   (ace.  vim,  §  41), 

misericordia,  ae,  f . ,  piti).  violence. 

153.  1.  Alius  perfugit;,  alius  captus  est.  2.  Tua 
mei  memoria  commotus  sum.  3.  Tua  nostri  miseri- 
cordia patrem  meum  commovit.     4.  Alii  gladiis,  alii 

1  This  means  'to  us,'  and  must  be  rendered  in  Latin  ac- 
cordingly. 


/ 


Review,  -^  ^ ^  65 


tells  pugnabant.       5.   Maxima  pars  eorum  confugit. 

6.  Alter  interfectus  est,  alter  effilgit.  7.  Alii  aliud  \ 
merentur.  8.  Multi  vestruni  liaec  eadem  sciunt.  ) 
9.  Nos  VI  ipsa  oppressit.  10.  Galli  institutis  et  legi-  / 
bus  iiit^r  se  differebant.     11.  Vallum  ipsum  snlieaipus,^^/ 

r'  154.  1.  Orgetorix  ordered  the  Helvetians  and 
Sequani  to  give  hostages  to  each  other.  2.  On  that 
very  night  this  noble  prisoner  escaped.  3.  One  fears 
the  enemy,  another  the  violence  of  his  friends.  4.  I 
blame  Cicero,  and  Cicero  blames  me.  5.  Each  of 
us  deserves  the  praise  of  the  king.  6.  We  have 
long  contended  with  each  other  (between  ourselv^es). 

7.  Caesar  was  killed  by  his  own  friends.  8.  One 
praises  one  thing,  another  another.  9.  Our  (men) 
were  frightened  by  the  great  multitude  of  these  ships. 

LESSON   LI. 

Review. 

'.  In  eo  proelio  minus  ducenti  milites  inter- 
fecW^unt.  2.  Hae  nationes  propter  dissensiones  pos- 
sessionibus  suls  expulsae  sunt.  3.  Opus  est  celeritate. 
4.  Equites  portis  eruptionem  f aciunt.  5.  Hostes  equites 
nostros  proelio  lacessere  coeperunt.  6.  Panels  ante 
diebus  prof ecti  sumus.  7.  Haec  civitas  erat  magna  auc- 
toritate.  8.  Helvetii  id  quod  constituerant  facere  conan- 
tnr.  9.  Ille  dignus  est  fide.  10.  Athenis  morabamur. 
11.  In  Italiam  venimus.  12.  Galll  media  nocte  ex 
castrls  egress!  sunt.  13.  Ipsa  loci  natiira  periculum 
repellebat.     14.  Alii  tela  coniciunt,  alii  vallum  subeunt. 


c/^' 


r  \,Z^^-^ 


^VkJ^ 


1 


I  ■ 


iPm^<^ 


SYNTAX   OF   THE   MOODS. 


LESSON   LII. 

The  Subjunctive  in  Independent  Sentences: 
Jussive,  Hortatoky,  Deliberative,  Prohibi- 
tive. 

§§  272  ;  273  ;  274  ;  275,  1 ;  276  and  c ;  277  and  a. 


156. 


VOCABULARY. 


addo,  ere,  idi,  itus,  I  add. 

alienus,  a,  um,  iinfavor- 
ahle. 

committo,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, /  bring  together  ;  with 
proelium  or  pugnam,  to 
join  battle. 

consido,  ere,  edi,  essum,  I 
settle. 

desists,  ere,  stitl,  I  cease. 


dimitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 

1  lei  go,  dismiss,  disband. 

expeditus,  a,  um,  unencum- 
bered, liglit-armed. 

hic,  here. 

ne,  not. 

oxb,  \,  I  beseech.         [retain. 

retineo,    ere,    ui,    tentus,    1 

sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sump- 
tus,  /  take. 


157.  1.  Omnia  faciamus  quae  frater  tiiiis  oravit. 
2.  Quid  dicat?  3.  Quid,  dicerent  ?  4.  Germani  agros 
Gallorum  ne  vexent !  5.  .  Hanc  occasionem  ne  dimit- 
tant.  6.  Nolite  proelium  alieno  loco  committere ! 
7.  Amicum  meum  non  defenderem  ?  8.  Omnes  proelio 
desistant !  9.  Noli  hanc  pecuniam  siimere!  10.  Mores 
atque  discipllnam  majorum  retineamus!       11.  Quare 

GO 


Suhjiinctive  in  Independent  Sentences.        67 

hie    non    consldamus  ?       12.    His    legionibus    decern 
cohortes  exp^dltae  addantur. 

158.    1.  Let  us  beseech  the  gods.     2.  Let  them  join    .^u^v^^^^ 
battle  with  the  enemy.     3.^  Do  ^ot.  let  the  prisoners^   ^^ 
go.     4.  Let  us  press  on  bravely.      5.  Do  not  refuse  '^^•^^ro^y^ 
the  reward  which  I  promised  you.     6.   Let  him  write  \i 

this   letter   immediately.      7.    Do   not  approve  such  '^  ^f^^^^'X^ 
words.     8.  What  am  I  to  send  ?     9.  Let  us  not  forget 
our  friends.    10.  What  Tps  this  youth  to  do  ?    11.  Are 
we  not  to  resist  this  man?      12.  Let  him  take  the 
money  and  go.        -fc^-.^xx^ 

^  159.        The  Haunted  House.     Part  I. 

Erat  Athenis  domus  spatiosa,  sed  per  silentium 
noctis  sonus  ferri  et  vinculorum  ibi  audiebatur;  mox 
apparebat  idolon,  senex  promissa  barba.^  Manibus^ 
catenas  gerebat  et  quatiebat.^ 

Hinc  domus  deserta  et  illi  idolo  relicta  est. 

Venit  Athenas  philosophus^  Athenodorus',  legit  titu- 
lum,  omnia'*  docetur,  ac  nihilominus  domum  conducit. 

Ubi  coepit^  advesperascere,  poscit  stilum  et  lumen ; 
servos  suos  in  interiora*^  dimittit;  ipse  ad^  librum 
animum  et  oculos  intendit. 

^  promissa  barba:  icith  a  long  heard ;  §  224. 

-  Maiiibus :  on  its  hands.  ^  quatiebat :  shook  them. 

*  omnia  :  §  178,  1,  b  and  2.       ^  ubi  coepit :  token  it  began. 

6  in  interiora:  into  the  inner  part  (of  the  house). 

^  ad :  upon. 


68     The    Optative  and  Potential  Subjunctives. 

LESSON   LIII. 

The  Optative  and  Potential  Subjunctives. — The 

Imperative. 

§§  279,  1,  2 ;  280  and  2  ;  281,  and  1,  2. 

160.  VOCABULARY. 

animus,  i,  m.,  courage,  heart.  jus,  juris,  n.,  right,  authority. 

averto,    ere,    ti,    versus,    /  patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  1 

avert,  turn  aside.  suffer ;  endure.            [land. 

intellego,  ere,  lexi,  lectus,  patiia.,  ae,f.,  coimtry,  father- 

I  know,  understand.  vulnus,  eris,  n.,  wound. 


,'161.  1.  Defendite,  elves,  saltitem  communem ! 
2. -  Patria  nostra  injiiriam  iie 'patiatur !  3.  Consules. 
summum  jus  habento.  4.  Utinam  tarn  loiigum  tempus 
in  his  laboribus  ne  eonsumpsissemus !  5.  Imperatori 
vestro,  milites,  operam  date !  6.  Utinam  hi  milites 
ammo  meliore  essent.  7.  Ista  vix  patiar.  8.  Haec 
pericula  a  nobis  avertantur.  9.  Nemo  hoc  consilium 
facile  intellegat. 


( .'-., 


/162.  1.  May  the  gods  avert  this  dangej._^2.  Would 
that  Caesar  were  present.  3.  I  should  wish  to*  under-  -f 
stand  this  affair  better.  4.  No  one  would  praise'v 
such  men.  5^  He  would  endure  wounds  without 
fear.  6.  Would'  tnafc  Cicero  had  not  been  killed. 
7.  Remember  your  fatherland !  8.  0  that  the  battle 
may  not  be  unfavorable  to  the  Romans.  9.  We  should 
not  believe  this  report.  10.  Leave  the  city  and  re- 
turn home.  11.  Would  that  the  pass  were  not  so 
narrow.     12.  May  you  always  be  happy  and  contented. 


Moods  in  Dependent  Clauses.  69 

\ 


""*  LESSON   LIV. 


Moods  ix  Dependent  Clauses.  —  The  Subjunctive 
OF  Purpose.  —  Sequence  of  Tenses. 

§S282,  1,  and  a,  2;  258 ;  266,  B ;  267,  1,  2,  3. 

'  163.  '  /        VOCABULARY. 

Aquitama,  ae,  f.,  Aquitania,  pono,  ere,  posui,  positus.  1 

a  district  of  Gaul.  put,  place,  establish ;  castra 

communio,  ire,  ivi  (ii) ,  itus,  ponere,  pitch  a  camp. 

I  strongly  fortify.  quo,  conj.,  in  order  that. 

conjungo,  ere,  junxi,  junc-  remaneo,  ere.  mansi,  man- 

tus,  /  unite.  sums,  /  remain. 

fruor,  frui,  1  enjoy  (§  218,  1).  tantus.  a,  um,  so  great. 

liber,  libera,  liberum,  free.  ut,  that,  in  order  that. 

ne,   lest;    that  .  .  .  not;    in^  ,              .  ^ 

order  that  .  .  .  not.  ^ -cV^--^  ^   y2JU~^   ■ 


fl64^/*l.  Caesar  proelium  commlsit,  ne  exercitus 
majores  couvenirent.  2.  Haec  fecimus  ut  llbeii  esse- 
mus.  3.  Castra  in  locls  superioribus  posnit,  ne  quis  ea 
facile  oppugnaret.  4.  Pauci  remanserunt,  ut  suspicio- 
nem  timoris  vitarent.  5.  Caesar  homines  delegit  qui 
castra  communirent.  6.  Haec  facimus  ut  libertate 
fruamur.  7.  Galbam  captlvis  praefecit,  ne  quis^ 
eifugeret.  8.  Quo  iter  expedltius  faceret,  impedimenta 
reliquit.  9.  Crassus  in  Aquitaniam  proficlscitnr 
ne  tantae  gentes  conjungantur.  10.  Castra  fossa 
munlvimus  (;iiio,facilius  defendere  possemus. 

1  In  Latin,  'in  order  that  no  one'  is  rendered  by  ne  quis 
(not  by  ut  nemo),  and  '  in  order  that  no '  is  rendered  by  ne 
uUus  (not  by  ut  nullus) . 


70^  Moods  in  Dependent   Clauses. 

165.  1.  Caesar  left  one  legion  behind  in  order  that  it 
might  guard  the  c^Mp.  2.  We  drive  out  the  barbarians 
in  order  that  you  may  enjoy  peace  and  good  fortune. 
3.  He  fortified  the  town  in  order  that  the  citizens 
might  more  easily  resist  the  enemy.  4.  Unite  your 
forces  lest  the  Germans  overwhelm  you.  5.  The  light- 
armed  cavalry  preceded  the  army  in  order  that  they 
might  more  quickly  unite  themselves  with  the  allies. 

6.  They  will  flee  in  order  that  they  may  not  be  killed. 

7.  They  had  fortified  a  town  to  which  they  might  flee 
for  refuge. 

166.  The  Haunted  House.     Part  II. 

Primo  tantum^   silentium    noctis;    delude  Atheno-. 
dorus    sonum    ferri   et   vinculorum    audit.      Respicit 
atque  videt  imaginem  de  qua  audierat.     Haec  stabat 
et  digito  innuebat. 

Sine  mora  Athenodorus  lumen  tollit  et  sequitur. 

Imago  lento  gradu  ibat,  quasi  vinculis  gravis.  Post- 
quam  in  aream  deflexit,  repente  delapsa  Athenodorum 
deserit.  Postero  die  magistratus  adit;  eos  monet  ut^ 
jubeant  ilium  locum  effodi.  Inveniuntur  ossa  hominis 
catenis  innexa. 

1  tantum  :  lit.  only ;  i.e.  there  was  only. 
2ut  jubeant :  that  they  hid. 


\ 


Clauses  of  Characteristic.  71 

LESSOK   LV. 

Clauses  of  Characteristic  —  Result  Clauses.  — 

Causal  Clauses. 

§§  283,  1,  2  ;  284,  1  ;  285  ;  286,  1,  2. 


« 


167.  VOCABULARY. 

alius,  a,  ud,  else.  paucitas,   atis,    f.,   fewness^ 

appropinquo,  1,  I  approach.  small  number. 

consists,  ere,  stiti,  consist.  puto.  1,  I  think.             * 

cum,  conj.,  since.  quod,  because,  on  the  ground 

despicio,   ere,  spexi,  spec-  that. 

tus,  /  despise.  quoniam,  conj.,  inasmuch  as. 
ita,  so. 

168.  1.  Te  acctisavit  quod  liostibus  non  resisteres. 
2.  Quis  est  qui  haec  putet  ?  3.  Hostes  acriter  piigna- 
verunt,  cum  in  una  virtute  omnis  spes  salutis  con- 
sisteret.  4.  Quod  nemo  alius  aderat,  nos  accusare 
ausus  est.  5.  Quoii^iiim  German!  appropinquant, 
castra  movebimus.  6.  Quae  cum  ita  sint,  in  hoc  loco 
manebimus.  7.  Hoc  acciderat  quod  Galli  legioneiu 
nostram  propter  paucitatem  despiciebant.  8.  Hic 
locus   talis   erat  ut   nostri    defendere    facile    possent. 

9.  Caesar  Gallos  accusat  quod  ab  eis  non  sublevetur.' 

10.  Hostes  ita  perterriti  sunt  ut  in  silvas  perf ugerent.  ■ 

169.  1.  No  one  who  neglects  his  duty  will  be  a  great 
man.  2.  Since  these  things  were  so,  we  remained 
there.  3.  What  man  is  so  base  as  not  to  love  his 
country  ?  4.  The  soldiers  approached  so  swiftly  that 
we  could  not  escape.      5.    Caesar  had  blockaded  the 


72  Clauses  with  Postquam,  Ut,  Ubi,  Cum. 

narrow  passes  of  the  mountains  so  that  the  Helvetians 
could  not  go  out  from  their  own  territory.  6.  We 
fear  the  Germans  because  they  are  many  in  number 
and  very  brave.  7.  Inasmuch  as  Pompey  had  re- 
mained with  them,  they  feared  nothing.  8.  There 
is  (only)  one  man  whom  I  despise.  9.  There  are  ^^^ 
many  who  know  these  things.  \ 

LESSON   LYI.      -^^kyv^ 

Temporal  Clauses  :  Clauses  Introduced  by  post- 
quam, ut,  ubi,  simul  ac,  ETC.  —  Clauses  Intro- 
duced BY  cum. 

§§287;  288,  1,  A,  B;  289. 

170.  VOCABULARY. 

animadverts,  ere,  verti,  ver-  postquam,  conj.,  after. 

sus,  /  notice.  recipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
cognosco,  ere,  novi,  nitus,  /  take  back,  receive;   with 

/  lear7i.  .  ■  reflexive  se,  to  retreat. 

cum,  conj,,  ivhen.  simul   ac    (atque),    as   soo7i 
eicio,    ere,    jeci,    jectus,    /  as. 

thrust  out ;  se  eicere,  o'ush  subdiico,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 

forth.  I  withdraw.,  lead  away. 

peto,   ere,   Tvi   (ii),   itus,   /  ubi,  rel.  adv.,  when. 

seek.,  request.  ut,  rel.  adv.,  when. 

171.  1.  Galli  cum  nostros  vidissent,  in  silvas  fuge- 
runt.  2.  Ut  equitatus  noster  se  in  agros  ejecit,  hostes 
ex  silvis  exibant.     3.  Eo  die  cum  tu  in  senatu  locutus 

A    .-4    ;j    •'■ 

es  pltirimi  aderant.     4.  Cum  venies,  cognosces.     5.  Si- 
mul ac  te  vidi,  auxilium  tuum  oravJ.     6.  Caesar  post- 


Clauses   ivitli   Postquam,  Ut,  Ubi,  Cum.  73 

r 
quam  id  animadvertit,  copias  suas  in  collem  proximum 
siibdtixit.  7.  Cum  haec  audivisset,  abiit.  8.  Caesar 
ubi  id  comperit,  se  in  Galliam  celeriter  recepit. 
9.  Cum  ad  id  oppidum  accessisset,  puerl  mulieresque 
pacem  petiverunt. 

172.  1.  As  soon  as  he  noticed  the  man,  he  went 
away.  2.  After  we  had  been  thrust  out  of  Rome,  I 
went  to  Athens.  3.  When  he  returns,  I  will  tell  him 
the  suspicions  which  I  have.  4.  As  soon>as  the 
Romans  advanced,  the  Gauls  retreated.  5.  When 
the  right  wing  surrendered,  the  rest  of  the  army 
fled.  6.  When  he  heard  these  words,  he  was  greatly 
terrified.  7.  After  the  cavalry  had  been  overwhelmed, 
Ariovistus  withdrew  his  forces  across  the  Rhine.  8.  In 
that  year  when  Cicero  was  consul  these  plots  were 
discovered. 

173.  The  Sword  of  Damocles. 

Damocles,  quidam  ex  assentatoribus  Dionysii,  ty- 
ranni  Syracusani,  opes  ejus  et  magnificentiam  com- 
memorabat.  "  Yisne  igitur  "  inquit  "  fortunam  meam 
experiri?"  Tum  tyrannus  jussit  Damoclem  in  lecto 
aureo  coUocari.  Aderant  unguenta  et  coronae  ;  mensae 
epulis  exquisTtis  atque  vino  instruebantur.  Damocles 
sibi  forttinatus  videbatur.  Sed  in  medio  apparatu 
gladium  super  caput  suum  seta  equina  pendentem 
videbat.      Itaque   ne^   manum   quidem   in-    mensam 

1  ne  .  .  .  quidem  :  not  even.  ^ 

2  in  mensam  :  toward  the'  table. 


74        Clauses  with  Antequam   and  Priusquam.       ♦ 

porrigere  audebat,  atque  tyrannum  oravit  ut^  sibi 
liceret  abire. 

LESSON   LYII.  ^ 

Temporal  Clauses:  Clauses  Introduced  by  Ante- 
quam AXD  Mjia^am;  Clauses  Introduced  by 
Dum,   Doiiec,   AND   Quoad.  I 

§§  291,  1,  2  ;  292 ;  293,  I,  II,  III,  1,  2. 

174.  VOCABULARY. 

ago,  ere,  egi,  actus,  I  do.  fuga,  ae,  i.^  flight. 

antequam,  conj.,  before.  Massilia,  ae,  f.,  Marseilles. 

Britannia,  ae,  f.,  Britain.  perfero,  ferre,  tull,  latus,  / 
delibero,  \^  I  deliberate^  con-  convey..  - 

suit.  ""  priusquam,  conj.,  before. 

Domitius,  i(iT),m.,7>omi^ms,  sentio,  ire,  sensi,  sensus,  / 

a  man's  name.  feel^  perceive, 

dum,  ichile :  2mtiL 

V  175.  1  Sex  dies  exspectavimus  dum  tti  advenlres. 
2.  Non  prius  fuga  destiterimt  quam  ad  Rhenum  per- 
venerunt.  3.  Hunc  collem  occupat  priusquam  ab 
adversariis  sentiatur.  4.  Caesar  priusquam  in  Britan- 
niam  proficTsceretur,  naves  omnibus  rebus  mstruxit. 
5.'  Dum  haec  inter  eos  aguntur,  Domitius  Massiliam 
pervenit.  6.  Caesar  exspectavit  dum  haec  mandata 
ad  hostes  perferrentur.  7.  Non  profecti  sumus  prius- 
quam te  de  consilils  nostris  certiorem  fecimus. 
8.  Dum  copiae  conveniunt,  cum  tribunis  dellberavit. 

1  ut  sibi  liceret:  lit.  that  it  be  permitted  to  himself,  i.e.  that 
he  be  permitted. 


Review.  75 


176.  1.  The  commander  waited  until  the  whole 
army  should  cross  the  river.  2.  While  the  Romans 
were  advancing  Ariovistns  was  conferring  with  the 
other  chiefs.  3.  Caesar  will  wait  until  the  rest  of 
the  legions  arrive.  4.  While  Domitius  was  absent 
from  Rome  his  slaves  fled.  5.  Before  the  captives 
could  beseech  the  barbarians  (for)  this  they  were 
killed.  6.  He  spoke  before  he  saw  us.  7.  I  shall 
remain  at  Marseilles  until  you  come.  8.  BefcX-e  I  go 
I  shall  remind  the  senate  of  these  dangers.  9.  You 
departed  before  I  accomplished  these  things. 


LESSON  LVIII. 

Review. 

k77?)  1.  Nolite  haec  f acere !  2.  Quare  hic  diu- 
tius  maneamus  ?  3.  Filii  mandata  patris  sui  perfi- 
ciant !  4.  Timor  mentes  vestras  ne  occupet !  5.  Quid 
aliud  faceremus  ?  6.  Utinam  te  vidissem  !  7.  Uti- 
nam  hostes  ne  adessent !  8.  Nemo  haec  credat. 
9.  Proficiscere  ex  liac  urbe !  10.  Multos  labores 
passus  sum  ut  te  defenderem.  11.  Hic  remansT,  quo 
auxilio  ejus  diutius  titerer.  12.  Castella  ibi  collocavit 
ne  Galli  suos  circumvenire  possent.  13.  Quis  est 
qui  haec  dicere  audeat  ?  14.  Amici  mei  tanta  sunt 
diligentia  ut  nihil  neglegant.  15.  Hostes  simul  atque 
signa  nostra  viderunt,  nuntios  miserunt,  qui  pacem 
peterent. 


76 


Substantive  Clauses. 


LESSON   LIX. 

Substantive  Clauses  :  Clauses  Developed  from 
THE  Jussive  ;  Clauses  aftek,  Verbs  of  Hin- 
dering. 

§§295,1,2,4;  295,3. 


178. 


VOCABULARY. 


decerns,  cernere,  crevi, 
cretus,  I  decree. 

itaque,  accordingly,  and  so. 

ne,  from  (after  verbs  of  hin- 
dering) . 

omnino,  altogether ;  with 
negatives,  at  all. 

permitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 
.  I  permit,  grant  (§  187,  II). 


prohibeo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  I  hin- 
der, prevent. 

quominus,  from  (after  verbs 
of  hindering). 

reddo,  ere,  reddidi,  reddi- 
tus,  /  give  back,  return. 

reicio,  ere,  rejeci,  jectus,  I 
hurl  back.  [restore. 

restituo,    ere,    uT,    utus,    / 


1.  Militibus  imperavi  ut  lioc  oppiclum  oppug- 
iiarent.  2.  Me  prohibuit  quominus  liaec  restituerem. 
3. .  Eis  imperat  ne  hoc  llumen  transeant.  4.  Eos  pro- 
liibui  ne  exceclerent.  5.  Decrevinius  ut  liae  legiones 
Khenum  transportarentur.  6.  Ariovistus  equitibus 
suis  permisit  ut  agros  Galloru:^  vexarent.  7.  Itaque 
Caesar  suis  praecepit'iie  quod  mnnino  telum  in  liostes 
reicerent.  8.  Senatus  decrevit  ut  Caesar  legiones  suas 
dimitteret.  9.  Hostes  prohibuimus  quominus  Rhoda- 
num  translrent. 


180.  1.  He  demands  that  the  hostages  be  returned.' 
2.  I  asked  him  to  return  the  money  to  me.  3.  Cicero 
warned  the  senate  not  to  neglect  these  dangers.     4.  I 


Substantive  Clauses.  77 

permitted  (to)  him  to  retain  his  sword.  5.  The  senate 
decreed  that  Cicero  should  defend  the  state.  6.  Caesar 
determined  that  his  troops  should  join  battle  im- 
mediately. 7.  Death  prevented  him  from  becoming 
consul.  8.  The  light-armed  horsemen  hindered  the 
Helvetians  from  bringing  together  suflBcient.  grain  and,y 
forage.     9.  He  persuaded  me  to  remain  at  Marseilles. 

LESSON   LX.  "» 

Substantive  Clauses  Developed  from  the  Opta- 
tive. —  Substantive  Clauses  of  Kesult.  — 
Indirect    Questions. 

§§  296,  1,  2  ;  297,  1,  2 ;  300,  1,  a,  b. 

181.  V^  VOCABULARY. 

a,  ab,  prep,  w,  abl.,  from,  of.  primo,  fij'st,  ^firstly. 

efficio,   ere,  feci,   fectus,   I  quaere,  ere.  quaeslvi,  quae- 

do,  bring  about.  situs,  linquire. 

legatio,  oiiis,  f.,  embassy.  quantus,  a,  um,  how  great  ? 

luna,  ae,  f.,  moon.  resciiido,    ere.    rescidi,    re- 
-ne.    enclitic    interrog.   parti-  scissus,  I  tear  down. 

cle  ;   in  indirect   questions,  sic,  so. 

whether.  tergum,  i,  n.,  back. 

num,   in    indirect    questions,  ut.  w.  verbs  of  fearing,  ^/mi  nof. 

vhether.  verto,  ere.  verti,  versus,  I 
opto,  1,  I  desire.  turn;  terga  vertere,  .^ee. 

182.  1.  Eos  rogavi  num  German!  Rhenum  jam 
transiissent.  2.  Timeo  ne  nostri  perfugiant.  3.  Primo 
a  te  quaero  hujusne  legationis  princeps  sis.  4.  Caesar 
magnopere  timebat  ne  sui  perfugerent.    5.  Eadem  nocte 


78  Substantive  Clauses.  ' 

accidit  ut  liina  plena  esset.  6.  Timemus  ut  legiones 
impetum  barbarorum  sustineant.  7.  Ab  his  perfugis 
quaesivl  quae  et  quantae   civitates  in  armis  essent. 

8.  Optamus  ut  llberi  sitis.  9.  Sic  effecit  ut  hunc 
regem  in  potestate  sua  haberet.  10.  Praeterea  vere- 
batur  ne  hostes  pontem  rescinderent.  11.  Ita  factum 
est  ut  hostes  statim  terga  verterent. 

183.  1.  I  desire  that  he  may  not  find  me  here. 
2.  It  happened  that  he  had  remained  in  the  city  on 
that  day.  3.  We  brought  it  about  that  this  danger 
was  averted  from  the  citizens.  4.  He  fears  that  we 
will  not  go  with  him.^  5.  He  desires  that  we  seek 
another  home  with  our  wives  and  children.  6.  I  asked 
him  what  he  was  doing  with  the  money.  7.  First  he 
asked  whether  he  ought  to  praise  these  boys.  8.  It 
cannot  ^  be  determined  in  which  year  Caesar  was  born. 

9.  It  happened  that  ships  and  men  were  lacking. 

184.  The  Boy  and  the  Dolphin.    Part  I. 

Est  in  Africa  colonia,  marl  proxima;  adjacet  stag- 
num,  in  quo  pueri  natant.  Hie  puer  est  victor  qui 
aequales  longissime^  relinquit. 

In  hoc  certamine  puer  quidam  ceteris^  audacior  in 
ulteriora^  tendebat.     Delphlnus  occurrit  et  nunc  prae- 

1  '  With  him'  :  secum ;  §  244,  II  ;  142,  4. 

- '  It  cannot ' :  non  potest.        ^  longissime  :  farthest  hehind, 

"*  ceteris  audacior  :  bolder  than  the  rest ;  §  217. 

^  in  ulteriora  :  to  a  greater  distance. 


Conditioyial  Sentences.  79 

cedit  puerum,  nunc  sequitur,  nunc  circumit ;  postremo 
subit  profertque  in  altum;  mox  reddit  terrae  et 
aequalibus. 

LESSOR    LXI. 

Conditional  Sentences.  —  Clauses    with  Quamvia 

AND  Quamquam. 

§§  301  ;  302,  1;  303 ;  304,  1  ;  309  ;  309,  1,  2,  3. 

185.  VOCABULARY.        ^ 

Atticus,  1,  m.,  Atticus.  pateo.  ere,  m,  lie  open. 

cum,  conj.,  though.  quamquam,  although. 

immortalis,  e,  immortal.  quamvis,  though.,  although. 

incertus,  a,  um,  uncertain.  si,  if. 

mors,  tis,  f.,  death.  valeo.  ere,  ui,  valiturus,  I 
nisij_M«Zess.  avails  prevail. 


^^  \  1.  Quamvis  nemo  veniat,  manebo.  2.  Si 
mititefs^  bono  animosunj],  est  spes  viptoriae.  ,df.  Atticus 
honores  non  Jetiit,  cum  ei  paterent.  4.  Si  Eomam, 
venies,  me  videbis.  5.  Quamvis  victoria  incerta  sit, 
ducem  ne  deseramus.  6.  Si  Romam  veniatis,  nos 
videatis.  7.  Si  mihi  hoc  dixisses,  non  profectus  essem. 
8.  RomanI,  quamquam  vulneribus  confecti  erant,  im- 
petum  liostium  sustinebant.  9.  Mors  non  est  timenda, 
si  animus  immortalis  est.  10.  Nisi  auctoritas  mea 
valuisset,  nunc  liberl  non  ^semus. 

»ft7.  f .  If  you  witlidraw.^^om  the  fort,  you  will  be 
killed  by  the  enemy.  2.  Would  you  wish  to  remain 
here  if  you  could?      -3.  Unless   you  reply,^  I   shall 


M 


\  3,^2617.-2^^ 


80  Indirect  Discourse.         ' 

not  write  to  you.  4,  If  he  had  arrived  one  day  before, 
he  would  have  seen  the  king.  5.  Though  he  may  be 
very  courageous,  he  will  not  alwa^^^s  conquer.  6.  Caesar 
did  not  permit  us  to  return  home,  although  we  de- 
sired to  do  so.  7.  If  my  father  were  here,  I  should  be 
quite  happy.  8.  If  the  embassy  comes  to^  him  before 
the  Kalends  of  April,  the  battle  will  not  occur. 

188.   The  Boy  and  the  Dolphin.    Part  II. 


Serpit  per  coloniam  fama ;  concurrunt  omnes ; 
puerum  interrogant,  audiunt,^  narrant.^  Postero  die 
litus  obsident,  prospectant  mare.  Natant  puerl,  inter 
hos  ille,^  sed  cautius. 

Delphinus  rursus  ad  puerum  venit.  Fugit  ille  cum 
ceteris.  Delphinus  puerum  invitat  et  revocat.  Puer 
iterum  tergo  insilit ;  fertur  atque  refertur.  Neuter 
timet,  neuter  timetur. 

LESSON   LXII. 

Indirect  Discourse. 

§§314,  1;  270,  1,  a-c;  318. 

189.  VOCABULARY. 

amicus,  a,  um,  friendly.  existimo,  1, 1  think,  consider. 

arbitror,  trari,  tratus  sum,  incolo.  ere.  coluT,  cultus,  / 

/  consider.  inhahit. 

cogo,   ere,   coegi,   coactus,  infirmus,  a,  um,  weak. 

I  collect.  teneo,  ere,  ui,  I  hold. 

1  §  261,  2.  2  audiunt :  hear  (his  story). 

'    ^narrant :  tell  {the  story  to  others).  *ille  :  i.e.  the  boy. 


Indirect  Discourse.  81 

190.  1.  Nemo  putat  hoc  oppidum  expugnarl  posse. 
'2.  Nuiitiatur  Gallos  eum  collem,  quern  occupaverint, 
communivisse.  3.  Nuntiatuin  est  Gallos  eum  collem 
commimivisse  quern  occupavissent.  4.  Caesar  intel- 
lexit  Ariovistum  se  castris  tenere.  5.  Nimtius  dixit 
montem,  quem  Caesar  occupari  voluisset,  ab  hostibus 
teaeri.  6.  Existimo  has  legiones,  quae  modo  adve- 
nerint,  mfirmas  esse..  7.  Caesar  arbitrabatur  has  civi- 
tates  sibi  amicas  esse.  8.  Num  putavistisN  eos,  qui 
hos  agros  incolerent,  discessiiros  esse  ? 

191.  1.  I  consider  that  those  who  inhabit  Italy  are 
fortunate.  2.  Do  you  think  that  Caesar  was  a  good 
man  ?  3.  I  said  that  the  Helvetians  who  left  their 
homes  were  conquered  by  Caesar.  4.  I  think  that 
Athens  will  never  be  a  larger  city  than  Rome.  5.  He 
says  that  Lentulus  and  his  friends  had  resolved  to 
set  Rome  on  fire.  6.  They  thought  that  the  Ger- 
mans had  departed  by  another  road.  7.  I  have  said 
that  the  fortune  of  war  is  always  uncertain.  8.  He 
thought  that  when  he  arrived  at  Athens,  which  is^  a 
large  and  beautiful  city,  he  would  be  happy  and  con- 
tented. 

1  §  314,  3. 


82  The  Infinitive. 

LESSON   LXIII. 

The  Infinitive. 

§§  326;  327,  1;  328,  1,  2;  329;  330;  331,  I,  II;  335. 

192.  VOCABULARY. 

constat,    impers.,    it   is   evi-      necesse    est,    impers.,    it    is 

dent.  necessary. 

Justus,  a,  ura.^  just.  reverter, i(§  114, 3),  7 re^?(ni. 

193.  1.  Necesse  erat  multa  eodem  tempore  facere. 

2.  Hae  legiones  ex  liibernis  egredi  non  ausae  sunt. 

3.  In  proelio  necesse  est  forteni  esse.  4.  Hostes  ex 
omnibus  partibus  lapides  in  vallum  conicere.  5.  Volu- 
mus  justi  esse.  6.  Conamini  boni  esse.  7.  Oportet 
nos  statim  proficlsci.  8.  Jussit  naves  comparari. 
9.  Milites  jussit  ordines  servare.  10.  Constat  mag- 
num numerum  barbarorum  ad  castra  venisse.  11.  Ne- 
cesse est  nos  baec  castra  communire.  12.  Nonne  licet 
in  urbem  revert!  ? 

194.  1.  It  is  the  duty  of  Koman  soldiers  to  figlit 
bravely  for  their  leader  and  their  country.  2.  It  is 
often   necessary    to    ask   kindnesses    of    our   friends. 

3.  The  senate  decided  to  send  two  legions  to  Pompey. 

4.  It  is  evident  that  the  Romans  are  braver  than  the 
Germans.  5.  Many  men  think  that  Caesar  will  never 
return  to  Rome.  6.  The  commander  ordered  the 
cavalry  to  ravage  the  fields  of  the  Sequani.  7.  It 
behooves  me  to  go  immediately  into  Spain.     8.  The 


The  Infinitive.  83 

soldiers  do  not  dare  to  attack  Ariovistus  because  of 
the  size  of  his  forces. 

195.      "If  You  Want  a  Thixg  Done, — ." 

Avicula  est  parva;  nomen  est  cassita.  Habitat  in 
segetibus.  Quaedam  cassita,  cum  iret  cibuni^  pullis 
quaesltum,  monebat  eos  ut^  animadverterent,  si^  quid 
novi  fieret. 

Dominus  agrl  postea  f ilium  vocat.  "^\clesne?" 
inquit,  "Hoc  frumentum  jam  maturum  est.  Idcirco 
amicos  roga  ut^  veniant  atque  nos  adjuvent."  Pulli 
hoc  audiunt  atque  orant  matrem  ut  se^  in  alium  locum 
portet.  Mater  jubet  eos  a  timore  otiosos  esse.  "  Si 
enim  dominus,"  inquit,  "amicls  fidit,  eras  seges  non 
metetur." 

Die  postero  igitur  mater  in  pabulum  volat.  Sol 
fervet,  dies  abit,  nec^  ulli  amici  ad  dominum  veniunt. 

Turn  dominus  rursus  ad  fllium,  "Amici  isti,"  inquit, 
"cessatores  sunt.  Prima  luce  affer  falces  et  nos  ipsi 
mauibus  nostris  eras  metemus." 

Ubi  mater  ex  pullis  id  audivit,  "Tempus,"  inquit, 
"  cedendi''  et  abeundi." 

Itaque  cassita  migravit  et  seges  a  domino  ipso 
atque  filio  demessa  est. 

1  cibum  pullis  quaesltum  :  to  seek  food  for  its  young. 
-  ut  aiiimadverterent :  to  notice. 

3  SI  quid  novi:  if  anything  new,  lit.  of  new  ;  §  201,  2. 

4  ut  veiiiant :  to  come.  ^  se  :  them,  the  birds. 
6  nee  uUi :  and  no,  lit.  nor  any. 

"^  cedendi:  to  be  withdraioing,  lit.  of  withdrawing. 


84  Participles. 

LESSON   LXIV. 

Participles. 

§§336,1,2,3,4;  337,2,4. 

VOCABULARY. 

casus,  us,  m.,  cliance,  danger.  pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsus,  / 

conspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spec-  drive  back. 

tus,  /  see.  perdo,    ere,    didi,    ditus,   1 

experior,  iri,  pertus  sum,  /  lose. 

try,  test.  submitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 

fugo,  1,  I  put  to  flight.  I  send,  despatch. 

laboro,  1,  I  toil ;    in  battle,  Tarquinius,  i  (il),  m.,    Tar- 
he  hard  pressed.  quin,  a  Roman  king. 

197.  1.  Hic  miles  in  prima  acie  pugnans  interfectus 
est.  2.  Multis  vulneribus  confecti,  ducem  non  deserui- 
mus.  3.  Nostri  hostes  ex  castris  egredientes  adorti 
sunt.  4.  Vocatus  statim  venit.  5.  Eqnites  pulsos 
fugavimus.^  6.  Virtutem  vestram,  mllites,  multis 
proeliis  expertus,  vos  nunc  ad  alios  casus  voco.  7.  Tar- 
quinius Ardeam  oppugnans  regnum  perdidit.  8.  Hos 
captivos  tuendos  reliquit.  9.  Eis,  quos  laborantes 
conspexit,  subsidium  submisit. 

198.  1.  The  Komans  attacking  sharply  routed  the 
enemy.  2.  Tarquin,  thrust  out  of  the  city  by  the 
people,  returned  with  an  army.  3.  Departing  from 
Italy,  I  set  out  for  Marseilles.      4.   Caesar,  fearing  an 


1  Lit.  'we   routed  .  .  .  having  been   driven   back';    i.e.  we 
drove  back  and  routed. 


TJie    G-erund.  —  The    Grerundive. 


85 


ambush,  withdrew.  5.  Ariovistus  advanced,  ravaging 
the  fields  and  setting  the  towns  on  fire.  6.  He  says 
that  he  will  delay  ten  days,  awaiting  aid  from  his 
allies.  7.  Cicero  having  spoken  a  few  words  had 
touched  the  hearts  of  the  citizens. 


LESSON   LXV. 
The  Gerund.  —  The  Gerundive.  —  The  Supine. 

§§  338,  1,  a-c ;  338,  3  ;  338,  4,  «,  h  ;  339,  1,  2  ;  340,  1,  2. 


199. 


VOCABULARY. 


alacer,  oris,  ere,  eager. 

antecedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu- 
rus,  I  go  ahead,  precede. 

causa,  abl.,  for  the  sake  of; 
the  dependent  genitive  pre- 
cedes causa. 

consector,  ari,  atus  sum,  I 
follow  up. 

explore,  1,  I  examine. 


iter,  itineris,  n.,  loay. 
praedo,    onis,    m.,    robber; 

praedo  maritimus,  pirate. 
reddo,    ere,    reddidi,    red- 

ditus,  I  rejider,  make. 
Themistocles,   is,    m.,   The- 

mistocles.,      an       Athenian 

statesman. 
tutus,  a,  um,  safe. 


200.  1.  Haec  dicendd  milites  ad  pugnandum  ala- 
criores  ef fecit.  2.  Tempus  ad  proelium  committendum 
alienuni  fuit.  3.  Hi  legati  cum  Caesare  collocutum 
vengrunt.  4.  Nulla  fuit  occasio  discedendi.  5.  Dux 
ipse  ad  itinera  exploranda  antecessit.  6.  Urbis  ser* 
vandae  causa  magnam  ^  pecuniam  dedimus.  7.  The- 
mistocles   maritimos     praedones    consectando,    mare 


1  The  Latin  has  magna  pecunia,   where   we   say   '  much 
money.' 


86  Review. 

tutum^  reddidit.  8.  Ad  hoc  oppidum  oppugnandum 
e  silvls  egreditiir.  9.  Caesar  in  his  locis  iiavium 
parandarum  causa  morabatur. 

201.  1.  This  boy  is  fond  of  hearing  everything^  that 
is  said.  2.  The  labor  of  following  up  the  deserters 
was  very  great.  3.  By  fortifying  the  camp,  Caesar 
kept  off  the  Gauls.  4.  By  using  great  diligence  we 
found  out  the  names  of  the  envoys.  5.  Cicero  wrote 
much  concerning  writing  and  speaking  well.  6.  It 
was  the  best  thing  to  say.  7.  It  is  a  beautiful  city 
to  see.  8.  The  envoys  were  sent  to  Pompey  to  ask 
for  peace. 

LESSON   LXVI. 
Review. 

202.  1.  Oramus  ut  finem  dicendi  facias.  2.  Yeri- 
tus  est  ne  omnia  amitteret.  3.  Tim  emus  ut  nobis  sit 
satis  praesidi.  4.  Tibi  praecepi  ne  haec  officia  neg- 
legeres.  5.  Nobis  imperat  ut  tela  paremus.  6.  Acci- 
dit  ut  pauci  incolumes  redirent.  7.  Optamus  ne 
quis  effugiat.  8.  Te  rogavi  quem  locum  delegisses. 
9.  Caesar  Ariovistum  rogavit  quam  ob  rem  Rhenum 
transiisset.  10.  Si  haec  dlxisses,  laetus  fuissem. 
11.  Intellegimus  omnes  homines  natura  libertatem 
amare.  12.  Caesar  intellegebat  quanto  cum  perlculo 
id  fecisset.  13.  Belli  Inferendl  causa  a  Gallia  in 
Britanniam  Insulam  transiit. 

1  §  177,  2.  2  Omnia  ;  §  236,  1. 


ENGLISH-LATIN   EXERCISES 


ON 


LESSONS   I-XXXV. 


LESSON  I. 


203.    1.  To  the  province ;  of  the  provinces ;  of  a  prov-  ^^j^irS 


ihce.  2.  Daughters  ;  to  the  daughter ;  of  the  daughter, 
d  By  victory ;  of  victory ;  of  victories.  4.  To  the  is- 
lands ;  of  the  island;  islands.  5.  Of  diligence;  with 
diligence;' to  diligence.  6.  Provinces;  of  the  prov- 
ince ;  to  the  provinces.  7.  By  the  troops ;  to  the 
troops ;  of  the  troops.  8.  The  troops  seize  the 
province.  9.  He  reports  the  victory.  10.  We  praise 
the  islands^.  11.  Lucretia  guards  her  daughters^  12.  I 
procure  troops  with  the  money.  13.  He  guards  the 
coast  of  Gaul. 

LESSON   IL 

204.  1.  To  the  children;  of  the  children;  by  the 
children.  2.  Of  the  messenger ;  messengers;  by  mes- 
sengers. 3.  To  the  field ;  of  the  fields ;  to  the  fields. 
4.  Of  the  son;  to  the  sons.  5.  Of  the  boy ;  to  the  boy ; 
of  the  boys.  6.  The  messengers  report  the  number  of 
victories.     7.  I  am  a  captive.     8.  The  boys  are  sons 

87 


*o  y\o-v 


X 


88  English- Latin  Exercises. 

of  the  Gaul.  9.  The  messengers  are  Latins.  10.  The 
troops  procure  money  and  swords.  11.  The  Romans 
guard  the  prisoners. 

/  LESSON   IIL 

205.  1.  A  great  war;  of  great  wars;  to  the  great 
war.  2.  The  neighboring  towns ;  of  a  neighboring 
town;  to  the  neighboring  towns.  3.  By  many  chil- 
dren ;  to  many  children  ;  of  many  children.  4.  Small 
numbers ;    by    small    numbers ;    of    a   small   number. 

5.  Of  the  beautiful  daughter ;  to  beautiful  daughters. 

6.  Good  boys ;  to  the   good  boy  ;   to  the  good  boys. 

7.  Many  troops  attack  the  town.  3-  The  number  of 
prisoners  is  large.  9.  The  island  is  large  and  beauti- 
ful. 10.  They  get  ready  many  beasts  of  burden  and 
much  forage.  11.  The  neighboring  provinces  contelid 
in  many  battles.  12.  The  daughter  of  Lucretia  is 
beautiful. 

y^  LESSON  lY. 

206.  1.  Good  fathers  ;  to  good  fathers  ;  of  the  good 
father.     2.  To  the  great  king;  of  the  great  king;  of 

.  great  kings.  3.  To  many  consuls ;  of  many  consuls ; 
many  consuls.  4.  To  the  praise  of  Caesar;  by  the 
praise  of  Caesar.  5.  To  the  soldier ;  to  the  safety  of 
the  soldiers.  6.  The  father  of  the  king;  to  the  father 
of  the  king.  7.  Peace  and  safety  are  the  rewards  of 
victory.  8..  I  present  money  to  the  father  of  the  sol- 
dier. 9.  The  great  king  sets  the  captives  free. 
10.    The    little    sons    of    the    consul    are    hostages. 


Enfjlish- Latin  Exercises.  89 

11.  The  Germans  praise  the  valor  of  the  Roman 
soldiers  and  entreat  peace.  12.  The  valor  of  the 
commander  is  great. 

LESSON  V. 

207.  1.  High  hills ;  of  the  high  hills.  2.  To  the 
small  fleet ;  of  small  fleets ;  to  small  fleets.  3.  Of 
German  tribes ;  to  a  German  tribe ;  to  German  tribes. 

4.  Neighboring  shores ;  to  neighboring  shores ;  of 
neighboring  shores.  5.  Of  the  citizens  ;  of  a  citizen  ; 
to  a  citizen.  (').  To  the  beautiful  cities  ;  of  a  beautiful 
city  ;  of  beautiful  cities.  7.  Ariovistus  calls  together 
the  German  cavalry.  8.  The  hills  are  large  and  high. 
9.  Terror  seizes  the  minds  of  the  citizens.  10.  Caesar 
contends  in  battle  with  ^  Ariovistus  and  the  Germans. 
11.  The  Roman  infantry  seize  the  town.  12.  Many 
German  tribes  entreat  peace.  ^ 

LESSON  yi. 

208.  1.  To  the  large  army;  of  large  armies;  with 
large  armies.  2.  To  the  right  wing;  of  the  right 
wing.  3.  Of  small  things ;  by  a  small  thing ;  con- 
cerning small  things.  4.  To  the  neighboring  harbor ; 
in-  the  neighboring  harbor;  of  neighboring  harbors. 

5.  Of  the  beautiful  day ;  to  a  beautiful  day ;  concern- 

1  Where  '  with  '  is  followed  by  a  word  referring  to  a  person, 
the  preposition  cum  must  be  used  in  Latin. 

■^  English  '  in  '  must  regularly  be  rendered  in  Latin  by  the 
preposition  in. 


90  English-Latin  Exercises. 

ing  beautiful  days.  6.  Great  hopes ;  of  great  hope ; 
hj  great  hope.  7.  Caesar  places  the  cavalry  on  tlie 
right  wing.  8.  By  their  valor  and  loyalty  the  troops 
win  the  victory.  9.  Four  legions  with  cavalry  attack 
the  town.  10.  I  am  in  doubt  concerning  the  valor  of 
the  infantry.  11.  The  troops  seize  the  harbors  and 
ravage  the  coasts.  12.  Marcus  praises  the  loyalty  of 
the  soldiers. 

LESSOIS"  VII. 

209.  1.  Of  the  whole  senate;  to  the  whole  senate; 
concerning  the  whole  senate.  2.  On^  another  island; 
of  another  island.  3.  Concerning  other  regions ;  of 
other  regions.  4.  Without  any  hope ;  any  hopes ;  of 
any  hope.  5.  Of  no  harbors ;  to  no  harbor ;  in  no 
harbor.  6.  To  no  danger;  of  no  dangers.  7.  The 
Belgians  lay  waste  the  neighboring  regions.  8.  With- 
out loyalty  and  valor  there  is  no  hope  of  safety. 
9.  The  citizens  avoid  the  dangers  of  war.  10.  The 
Romans  and  Germans  contend  in^  a  cavalry  battle. 
11.  The  foot-soldiers  announce  the  victory.  12.  We 
praise  the  valor  of  the  whole  line  of  battle.  ) 

LESSON  YIII. 

210.  1.  Of  the  noble  young  man ;  to  noble  young 
men ;  to  a  noble  young  man.  2,  All  men  ;  to  all  men. 
3.   Of  the  common  safety;    concerning  the   common 

1  Express  by  in. 

2  Do  not  use  any  preposition  to  translate  '  in  '  ;  the  simple 
ablative  is  here  sufficient. 


EnglUlL- Lathi  Exercises.  91 

safety ;  to  the  common  safety.  4.  Of  an  old  friend ; 
without  an  old  friend ;  to  old  friends.  5.  With  the 
happy  citizens ;  of  happy  citizens ;  to  a  happy  citizen. 

6.  Such  dangers ;    by  such  dangers ;    of  such  danger. 

7.  The  senate  presents  beautiful  standards  to  the 
legion.  8.  A  noble  young  man  reports  the  victory 
to  the  senate.  9.  Such  honors  are  the  reward  of 
loyalty.  10.  He  places  the  cavalry  in  the  other  line 
of  battle.  11.  The  Romans  conquer  powerful  tribes 
without  danger.  12.  The  whole  army  is  happy  on 
account  of  the  victory. 

LESSOR   IX. 

211.  1.  Of  a  more  vigorous  leader ;  to  more  vigor- 
ous leaders ;  of  the  most  vigorous  leader.  2.  On 
account  of  the  most  severe  penalties ;  of  severer  pen- 
alties ;  to  a  severer  penalty.  3.  Concerning  the  best 
man  ;  of  the  best  man ;  to  a  better  man.  4.  Of  shorter 
lives ;  of  the  shortest  life.  5.  The  nearest  camp ; 
of  a  nearer  camp.  6.  By  the  farther  gate;  of  the 
farther  gate.  7.  Caesar  is  a  better  leader  than  Ario- 
vistus.  8.  There  are  many  legions  in  the  larger  camp. 
9.  The  Belgians  are  bravest  of  all  the  Gauls.  10.  The 
soldiers  attack  the  smaller  camp.  11.  We  get  ready 
very  great  forces. 

LESSOX   X. 

212.  1.  Beautifully;  more  bravely;  most  often. 
2.  Most  bravely ;  more  nobly.  3.  Of  one  city ;  to  one 
chief.    4.  With  two  hundred  soldiers ;  of  thirty  towns ; 


92  English- Latiyi  Exercises. 

to  two  hundred  boys.  5.  With  two  hundred  horse- 
men ;    of   a  hundred    slaves ;    to   two    hundred   men. 

6.  Two  hundred  Komans  defeat  two  thousand  Gauls. 

7.  A  hundred  horsemen  most  easily  check  the  attack 
of  the  enemy.  8.  The  soldiers  fight  more  fiercely  and 
bravely.  9.  A  thousand  cavalry  contend  in  battle. 
10.  We  guard  the  three  captives. 


LESSON   XII. 

213.  1.  Of  thee;  to  me;  without  me;  concerning 
thee;  of  me.  2.  To  us;  of  you;  with  us ;  to  you;  of 
us.  3.  To  thyself ;  of  myself ;  concerning  himself ;  of 
themselves ;  to  myself.  4.  Of  my  memory ;  by  my 
kindness ;  to  my  slave.  5.  To  your  kindnesses ;  of 
your  wrongs ;  of  your  reward.  6.  Of  their  arms ;  to 
his  father;  with  her  daughter.  7.  The  fleet  explores 
these  coasts  and  islands.  8.  In  this  narrow  pass 
Caesar  defeats  the  Sequani.  9.  He  presents  rewards  to 
these  noble  young  men  10.  My  soldiers  easily  avoid 
all  these  plots  and  dangers.  11.  This  father  calls  his 
daughters  to  himself.  12.  Our  horsemen  fight  with 
their  swords. 

LESSOiSr   XIII. 


(214.y  1.  Of  the  consul  himself;  to  Caesar  himself; 
with  the  soldiers  themselves.  2.  To  the  same  man; 
with  the  same  boy ;  of  the  same  brothers.  3.  To  that 
battle;  of  those  battles;  by  those  horses.  4.  To 
Lucretia  herself;  of  you  yourselves.  5.  By  those 
victories ;  of  that  opinion ;  to  that  slave.     6.  He  often 


English- Lati7i  Exercises.  93 

attempts  the  same  thing.  7.  On  ^  the  march  itself  the 
army  easily  procures  grain  and  forage.  8.  This  legion 
passes  the  winter  in  the  same  camp.  9.  The  speed  of 
that  horse  is  great.  10.  There  are  many  slaves  in  that 
army.     11.  In  the  same  town  are  two  hundred  Gauls. 

LESSON   XIV. 

215.  1.  Of  any  one ;'  to  any  one ;  with  any  one.  2.  Of 
whom  ?  to  whom  ?  3.  With  a  certain  man ;  of  a  cer- 
tain city ;  by  certain  kindnesses.  4.  Of  any  river ;  to 
any  shore ;  by  any  reward.  5.  What  man  ?  What 
town  ?  In  what  city  ?  6.  Of  any  man  you  please ; 
to  any  men  you  please.  7.  The  senate  approves  cer- 
tain conditions  of  surrender.  8.  Caesar  calls  a  certain 
horseman  to  himself.  9.  The  commander  praises  the 
soldiers  who  attack  this  town.  10.  Caesar  calls  the 
chiefs  of  these  tribes  to  himself.  11.  We  seize  a 
certain  high  hill. 

LESSON   XV. 

216.  1.  They  were;  we  shall  be;  I  have  been. 
2.  He  had  been ;  thou  art ;  I  shall  be.  3.  We  were ; 
you  will  have  been;  thou  wilt  be.  4.  They  had  been; 
we  shall  have  been ;  you  are.  5.  Thou  wast ;  you 
have  been ;  I  shall  have  been.  6.  You  will  be ;  I 
was ;  thou  hast  been.  7.  Where  will  the  standards 
be?  8.  I  have  often  been  in  the  trench.  9.  Be- 
fore this  town  was    a   large    camp.      10.  They  have 

1  Use  in. 


94  English- Latiyi  Exercises. 

been  in  this  same  city.  11.  The  men  who  announce 
the  victory  to  the  senate  are  swift  horsemen.  12.  There 
were  high  mountains  in  that  province. 

LESSON  XVI. 

217.  1.  We  should  be ;  we  should  have  been.  2.  You 
would  be ;  be  ye ;  about  to  be.  3.  They  shall  be ;  let 
us  be.  4.  May  you  be ;  ye  shall  be ;  to  be.  5.  To 
be  about  to  be;  be  thou;  thou  wouldst  have  been. 
6.  Thou  shalt  be;  to  have  been.  7. 'Under  another 
commander  the  soldiers  would  not  be  contented^ 
8.  We  should  all  be  contented  under  Caesar.  9.  Let 
there  be  no  peace  between  us.  10.  Your  advice 
would  have  been  good.  11.  Ycu  would  be  happier  in 
another  town. 

//  LESSON   XVII. 

218.  1.  They  administer;  he  was  administering;  I 
shall  administer.  2.  He  demands  ;  you  will  demand ; 
we  had  demanded.  3.  Thou  wilt  have  called ;  they 
have  called;  you  call.  4.  They  were  entreating;  I 
entreat;  Ave  shall  entreat.  5.  They  had  approved; 
you  will  have  approved ;  we  have  approved.  6.  Why 
have  the  troops  passed  the  winter  in  Gaul  ?  7.  He 
who  shall  show  kindness  to  a  (fellow)  citizen  will 
win  the  reward.  8.  You,  (my)  brave  soldiers,  have 
won  the  victory.      9.  We  have  reported  this  battle. 

10.  Terror   had    seized  the  minds  of   all  these   men 

11.  Who  will  approve  that  plan  ? 


English-Latin  Exercises.  '      95 

LESSOX   XVIII. 

219.'  1.  We  slioulcl  have  placed;  let  us  place;  they 
would  place.  2.  Praise  ye;  about  to  praise;  to 
-have  praised.  3.  Let  him  doubt;  they  would  have 
doubted.  4.  May  I  free ;  I  should  have  freed.-  5.  To 
have  refused  ;  refusinij ;  about  to  refuse ;  by  refusing. 

6.  By  fighting  you  would  have  conquered  the  enemy. 

7.  By  attacking  vigorously  they  would  have  conquered. 

8.  Let  him  attempt  to  free  this  city.  9.  We  should 
have  attacked  this  town  without  any  danger.  10.  Ee- 
fuse  these  rewards,  soldiers  ! 

LESSO]^   XIX. 

220.  1.  We  are  blamed ;  I  was  blamed ;  they  will 
be  blamed.  2.  It  was  announced ;  it  has  been  an- 
nounced. 3.  You  are  freed ;  we  shall  be  freed ;  I 
have  been  freed.  4.  They  have  been  checked;  we 
were  checked ;  he  is  checked.  5.  I  shall  be  guarded  ; 
we  have  been  guarded ;  you  have  been  guarded. 
6.  They  were  asked ;  I  had  been  asked ;  we  shall 
have  been  asked.  7.  The  number  of  our  soldiers  will 
be  reported  to  the  Germans.  8.  You  will  all  be 
praised.  9.  These  brave  soldiers  have  not  been 
defeated.  10.  That  victory  will  be  announced. 
11.  Many  .towns  of  the  Belgians  and  other  Gauls 
had  been  assaulted.  12.  Peace  had  been  established 
with  the  neighboring  states. 


96  English- Latin  Exercises. 

LESSON   XX. 

.221.  1.  Let  them  be  placed ;  I  should  have  been 
pla^ced.  2.  Let  them  be  checked ;  they  would  have 
been  checked.  3.  I  should  have  been  asked;  having 
been  asked.  4.  To  have  been  called ;  they  would 
have  been  called.  5.  To  be  guarded  ;  we  should  have 
been  guarded.  6.  To  be  approved ;  having  been 
approved ;  to  have  been  approved.  7.  Such  loyalty 
would  scarcely  have  been  expected.  8.  Let  the  cus- 
toms  and   discipline  of    our   ancestors  be   preserved. 

9.  I    should   have   attempted    to    free  this    prisoner. 

10.  Large  armies  must  be  got  ready  with  the  greatest 
speed.  11.  Without  you  this  town  would  not  have 
been  captured. 

LESSON    XXII. 

222.  lo  We  remain;  he  has  remained;  you  will 
remain.      2.    Let   him    move;    moving;    move    thou. 

3.  May  I  see ;  to  have  seen ;  they  would  have  seen. 

4.  You   order;    we    Avere    ordering;    about   to   order. 

5.  By  ordering ;  they  had  ordered ;  I  shall  have  or- 
dered. 6.  I  had  owed ;  we  have  owed ;  they  were 
owing.  7.  Let  us  increase  the  number  of  our  foot- 
soldiers  and  cavalry.  8.  I  shall  command  you  to 
remain  in  this  town.  9.  The  opportune  arrival  of  the 
general   has    increased    the    terror    of    our    enemies. 

10.  These  four  legions  will  keep    off  the  Germans. 

11.  Who  moved  the  camp  from  this  place  ?  12.  I 
shall  attempt  to  see  you. 


JEn c/ It sh- Latin  Exercises.  97 

t 

LESSON   XXIII. 

223.  1.  I  was  kept  away ;  let  him  be  kept  away ; 
to  have  been  kept  away.  2.  We  had  been  terrified ; 
they  will  have  been  terrified ;  he  would  have  been  ter- 
rified. 3.  You  are  ordered ;  he  had  been  ordered. 
4.  He  has  been  ordered ;  they  were  ordered.  5.  They_ 
have  seemed ;  it  seems ;  to  seem.  6.  The  cavalry  of 
the  enemy  had  been  seen  in  this  place.  T.  These  bar- 
barians seemed  to  be  greatly  terrified.  8.  I  appear  to 
be  about  to  remain  here  for  a  long  time.  9.  The  num- 
ber of  the  troops  was  quickly  increased.  10.  The 
onset  of  the  barbarians  had  been  bravely  withstood 
by  the  Romans.  11.  Let  the  loyalty  of  these  citizens 
be  increased  by  praise  and  rewards. 

LESSO]^   XXIV. 

\  224.]  1.  Thou  wast  determining ;  he  will  determine ; 
to  have  determined.  2.  We  distribute ;  you  were  dis- 
tributing ;  they  have  distributed.  3.  Let  us  distrib- 
ute ;  distributing ;  by  distributing.  4.  He  conquers ; 
you  will  conquer ;  we  were  conquering,  o.  I  have 
conquered;    they  will  have  conquered;    conquer  ye. 

6.  You  had  left;   they  will  leave;    he  was  leaving. 

7.  Let  them  hasten  immediately  into  that  province. 

8.  Caesar  had  drawn  up  his  troops  on  the  plain  in 
front  of  the  fortification.  9.  The  Sequani  were  waging 
war  with  the  Germans.  10.  We  determined  to  place 
our  infantry  behind  the  fortifications.  11.  In  the 
middle  of  the  plain  a  large  hill  was  seen. 


98  Mnglisli- Latin  Exercises, 

LESSON  XXV. 

225.  1.  He  is  led;  I  was  led;  thou  wilt  be  led. 
2.  We  are  led;  you  were  led;  they  will  be  led.  3.  1 
shall  be  summoned;  you  will  have  been  summoned; 
we  have  been  summoned.  4.  I  had  been  sent;  he 
has  been  sent ;  we  shall  have  been  sent.  5.  May  he 
be  left ;  you  would  have  been  left ;  to  be  left.  6.  The 
rest  of  the  allies  were  left  behind.  7.  War  will  be 
waged  against  the  Gauls.     8.  All  the  grain  had  been 

'consumed.  9.  We  shall  be  forced  to  fit  out  another 
fleet.  10.  The  legion  which  had  already  been  sent 
against  Ariovistus  was  conquered.  11.  He  would 
easily  have  led  forth  the  infantry  and  drawn  them 
up  in  a  long  line  of  battle. 

LESSON   XXVL 

226.  1.  We  discover ;  they  were  discovering ;  he 
will  discover.  2.  Let  him  discover ;  discovering ; 
you  would  have  discovered.  3.  I  was  hindering; 
they  have  hindered;  you  will  hinder.  4.  To  have 
hindered ;  of  hindering ;  I  should  have  hindered. 
5.  You  hear ;  we  shall  hear ;  thou  hast  heard.  G.  He 
will  have  heard ;  they  had  heard ;  hear  ye.  7.  All 
the  legions  will  come  together  to  the  same  place. 
8.  I  shall  afterwards  fortify  this  camp.  9.  The  rest 
of  the  tribes  come  together  from  all  sides  and  hinder 
the  march  of  the  Romans.  10.  Let  us  hear  the  words 
of  the  great  king.      11.  You  have  already  found  out 


Eyiglish- Latin  Exercises.  99 

the  nature  of  this  place.      12.  He  will  come  suddenly 
and  quickly. 

LESSON   XXVII. 

227.  1.  It  will  be  found ;  to  have  been  found ;  it 
has  been  found.  2.  We  shall  be  hindered ;  I  have 
been  hindered.  3.  We  have  been  hindered ;  they  will 
have  been  hindered.  4.  I  shall  be  heard ;  thou  art 
heard ;  may  you  be  heard.  5.  We  had  been  sur- 
rounded ;  you  have  been  surrounded ;  they  had  been 
surrounded.  6.  They  rashly  ran  forward  beyond  the 
fortifications  and  were  surroimded.  7.  The  voice  of 
the  people  is  not  always  the  voice  of  God.  8.  The 
children  have  been  found  in  this  forest.  9.  Almost 
all  the  deserters  will  be  discovered  and  led  back. 
10.  That  town  is  surrounded  by  a  deep  ditch.  11.  The 
approach  of  the  other  cohorts  has  been  hindered. 

LESSON   XXVIII. 

228.  1,  You  capture ;  to  be  captured ;  may  you  be 
captured.  2.  He  was  making ;  let  him  make  ;  I  sh?Jl 
make.  3.  You  will  be  received ;  we  are  received ;  we 
should  have  been  received.  4.  To  have  been  received ; 
let  them  be  received ;  you  are  received.  5.  He  will 
be  killed ;  he  has  killed ;  she  had  been  killed ;  we 
had  killed.  6.  They  retreated ;  he  will  retreat ;  to 
have  retreated.  7.  That  woman  was  killed  by  this 
base  man.  8.  The  army  of  Ariovistus  retreated 
across  the  Rhine.     9.  The  bridge  had  been  defended 


100  English -Latm  Exercises . 

by  one  brave  soldier.  10.  The  barbarians  who  were 
plundering  this  province  fled.  11.  The  slaves  were 
led  back  to  the  city  whence  they  had  escaped. 
12.  Caesar  surrounded  and  captured  that  whole 
tribe. 

LESSON   XXIX. 

229.  1.  I  was  attempting ;  we  shall  attempt ;  you 
have  attempted.  2.  They  attempt ;  thou  wilt  attempt ; 
he  was  attempting.  3.  They  have  complained ;  you 
had  complained ;  we  shall  have  complained.  4.  You 
will  complain ;  he  complains ;  we  were  complaining. 
5.  Let  us  march  out;  they  have  marched  out;  you 
would  have  marched  out.  6.  To  have  marched  out; 
we  should  have  marched  out.  7.  We  have  dared 
to  attempt  this  journey.  8.  They  marched  out  with 
their  arms  and  standards.  9.  Caesar  was  conferring 
with  Ariovistus  concerning  the  terms  of  surrender. 
10.  Ariovistus  attempted  to  call  together  the  Ger- 
3ian  tribes.  11.  After  five  months  the  Helvetians 
were  compelled  to  return  to  their  own  territory. 

LESSON   XXX. 

230.  1.  We  are  about  to  call ;  he  will  be  about  to 
call ;  they  had  been  about  to  call.  2.  The  old  insti- 
tutions and  manners  must  be  preserved.  3.  He  had 
been  about  to  hand  over  the  royal  power  to  Caesar. 
4.  The  Germans  who  had  remained  across  the  Ehine 
were  about  to  send  aid  to  Ariovistus.  5.  He  is  about 
to  ask  help. 


Mnglish- Latin  Exercises.  101 

LESSOK   XXXII. 

231.  1.  He  was  absent ;  I  shall  be  absent.  2.  He 
is  able  5  to  have  been  able ;  you  will  have  been  able. 
3.  He  has  been  able ;  we  should  be  able.  4.  I  have 
been  in  charge  of ;  we  were  in  charge  of ;  you  would 
have  been  in  charge  of.  5.  Let  them  be  present ;  we 
are  present ;  they  will  be  present.  6.  Let  us  give ; 
we  should  give ;  give  ye.  7.  An  ample  supply  of 
grain  was  at  hand  in  these  winter  quarters.  8.  All 
hope  of  safety  will  be  far  distant.  9.  You  are  in 
charge  of  a  few  men  who  have  been  left  behind. 
10.  Why  has  his  confidence  failed  ?  11.  You  will 
scarcely  be  able  to  see  the  mountains.. 


LESSOX  XXXIII.:.'  '      J*  \  ,'>^ 


>    >  )  ) 


232.  1.  He  endures;  we  shall  endure ;  they  endured. 
2.  You  will  have  endured ;  he  was  enduring ;  they 
endure.  3.  May  you  bring ;  he  has  brought.  4.  To 
have  brought ;  about  to  bring ;  of  bringing.  5.  It  will 
be  borne ;  let  them  be  borne  ;  they  would  have  been 
borne.  6.  They  have  been  brought  back ;  you  will 
have  been  brought  back ;  we  had  been  brought  back. 
7.  So  many  calamities  can  scarcely  be  endured.  8.  A 
report  of  the  uprising  was  straightway  brought  to 
Caesar.  9.  In  the  meanwhile  Caesar  received  the 
deserters  who  had  betaken  themselves  to  him. 
10.  You  bravely  endure  all  the  dangers  of  this 
journey. 


102  English- Latin  Exercises, 

LESSON   XXXIV. 

233.  1.  Tliou  art  willing ;  we  were  willing ;  they 
were  willing.  2.  He  will  be  willing;  lie  is  willing; 
they  have  been  willing.  3.  We  were  unwilling;  I 
shall  be  unwilling.  4.  To  have  been  unwilling ;  you 
are  unwilling;  he  had  been  unwilling.  5.  Let  him 
prefer;  we  should  have  preferred;  to,  prefer.  6.  I 
preferred ;  we  prefer ;  we  shall  prefer.  mT.  He  is  un- 
willing to  become  the  slave  of  any^  man.  ^>  8.  Frequent 
disagreements  occur  among  the  maritime  tribes. 
9.  You  are  unwilling  to  attack  on  account  of  your 
fear  of  danger.  10.  Caesar  will  be  informed  of  the 
recent  revolt  of  the  Sequani. 

,;,...;„,..,.-      ,  ,     LIISSON     XXXV. 

Ipip  1.  Yoii  wi'll  ]3erish;  he  has  perished;  we 
perish.  2.  They  were  approaching;  he  will  have 
approached;  I  had  approached.  3.  Let  them  cross; 
he  has  crossed;  I  shall  cross.  4.  Eemember  ye;  he 
will  remember ;  to  remember.  5.  They  hate ;  you  will 
hate;  he  was  hating.  6.  Let  us  return;  we  shall 
return;  he  has  returned.  7.  They  have  been  sur- 
rounded; he  will  be  surrounded;  you  will  be  sur- 
rounded. 8.  They  were  approaching  the  fords  of 
the  Ehone.  9.  I  was  not  able  to  remember  the  begin- 
ning of  this  affair.  10.  You  hate  all  good  (men). 
11.   They  have  secretly  begun  to  form  another  plan. 


lUse  ullus^  a,  um. 


SELECTIONS   FOR  READING. 


I.     FABLES. 
The  Woman  and  the  Hen. 

235.  Mulier  quaedani  habebat  gallmam,  quae  ei  cot- 
tidie  ovum  pariebat  aureum.  Hinc  suspicarl^  coepit,- 
illam  aurl  massam  intus  celare,^  et  gallmam  occidit. 
Sed  nihil  in  ea  repperit,  nisi  quod  in  alils  gallinis 
reperlri^  solet.  Itaque  dum  majoribus^  divitiis®  inliiat," 
etiam  minores^  perdidit. 

The  Oxen. 

236.  In  eodem  prato  pascebantur  tres^  boves  in 
maxima  concordia,  et  sic  ab  omni  ferarum  incursione^" 
tuti  erant.  Sed  dissidio^^  inter  illos  orto,  singuli  a 
feris^^  petiti  et  laniati  sunt. 

Tabula  docet,  quantum  bonl^^  sit^^  in  concordia. 


The  footnotes 

refer  to  the 

sections  of  the 

author's  Latin 

Grammar. 

1328. 

6  72. 

9  80,  3. 

12  216. 

2  133. 

6  187,  III. 

1'^  214. 

13  201,  2. 

8  314. 

7  293,  I. 

11  227. 

14  300. 

*328. 

8  72. 

103 


104  Selections  for  Reading. 

The  Dog  in  the  Manger. 

237.  Canis  jacebat  in  praesaepi  bovesque  latrando' 
a  ]3abul6^  arcebat.  Cui  iiims  bouffi/  ^^  Quanta  ista,^^ 
iuquit,  "ijividia  est,  quod  nbn  patens  ut  eo  cibo^  vesca- 
mur,^  quern  tu  ipse  capere  nee  veils  7iec  possis  !  '^ 

Haec  fabula  invidiae^  indolem  declarat. 

The  Travellers  and  the  Ass. 

238.  Duo  qui  una  iter  faciebant,  asinum  oberrantem 
in  solitudine  conspicati/  accurrunt  laeti,^  et  uterque 
eum  sibi  vindicare^  coepit,  quod  eum  prior^^  conspexis- 
set."  Dum  vero  contendunt^-  et  rixantur,  nee  a  ver- 
beribus^^  abstinent,  asinus  aufugit  et  neuter  eo"  potitur. 

The  Kid  and  the  Wolf. 

239.  Haedus,  stans  in  tecto  domtis,  lupo^^  praetere- 
unti^^  maledixit.  Cui  lupus,  "Non  tu/'  iuquit,  "sec? 
tectum  mihi  maledicit.'" 

Saepe  locus  et  tempus  homines^''  timidos  audaces^^ 
reddit. 

The  Peasant  and  the  Mouse. 

240.  Mus  a  rtistico^^  deprehensus  tarn  acri  morsti-*^ 
ejus  digitos  vulneravit,  ut  ille  eum  dimitteret,^^  dicens: 


1  338,  4,  a. 

7  112. 

12  293,  I. 

17  177. 

2  214. 

8  239. 

13  214. 

18  177,  2. 

3  201. 

9  328. 

14  218,  1. 

19  216. 

4  218,  1. 

10  241,  2. 

15  187,  II,  a. 

20  218. 

5  295,  2. 

11  286. 

16  132. 

21  284,  1. 

6  198. 

Selections  for  Reading.  105 

^^ Nihil,  mehercule,  tarn  pusillum  est,  quod  de  salute  de- 
sperare  debeat,^  modo  se  defendere  velitJ' 

The  Wolf  and  the  Crane. 

241.  In  faucibus  lupi  os  inliaeserat.  Mercede'' 
igitur  conducit  gruem,  qui  illud  extrahat.^  Hoc  grtis 
longitudine'^  colli  facile  effecit.  Cum  autem  mercedem 
postularet,^  subrldens  lupus  et  dentibus^  inf pendens, 
"  JSfum  tibi,"  inquit,  ^^ parva  merces  videtur,  quod  caput 
incolume  ex  lupl  faucihas  extrdxisti?'' 

The  Trumpeter. 

242.  Tubicen  ab  hostibus  captus/  '^  Nollte^  me," 
inquit,  "  interjicere ;  nam  inermis  sum,  neque  quidquam 
habeo  praeter  hanc  tubajnJ'  At  liostes,  "  Propjter  hoc 
ipswn,^^  inquiunt,  "  te  interimemus^  quod,  cum  ipse  pug- 
nandi^  sls^^  imperitus,  cdios  ad  p)ugnam  incitdre^^ 
soles."  ^- 

Pabula  docet,  non  solum  maleficos  esse  pilniendos^^ 
sed  etiam  eos,  qui  alios  ad  male  faciendum^''  irrltent.^^ 

The  Farmer  and  his  Sons. 

243.  Agricola  senex,  cum  mortem  sibi^^  appropin- 
quare^''   sentiret,^^  fllios    convocavit,   quos,^^  ut  fieri ^ 


1  284,  2. 

6  218. 

11  328. 

16  187,  III. 

2  225. 

7  337,  2. 

12  286. 

17  314. 

3  282,  2. 

8  276,  c. 

13  314. 

18  288,  B. 

4  218. 

9  338,  1 ;  204. 

14  338,  3. 

19  314. 

6  288,  B. 

10  309,  3. 

15  314. 

20  131. 

106  Selections  for  Reading. 

solet,  interdum  discordare  ^  noverat,  et  f ascem  virgula- 
rum  afferrl^  jubet.  Qiiibiis^  allatis,  fllios  hortatur,  ut 
hunc  f ascem  fraiigerent.^  Quod  cum  facere  non  pos- 
sent/  distribuit  singulas  virgas,  eisque^  celeriter 
fractis,  docuit  illos,  quam  firma  res^  esset^  concordia, 
quamque  imbecillis  discordia. 

The  Mice. 

244.  Mures  aliquando  liabaerunt  consilium^  quo 
modo  a  fele  caverent.^  Multis  aliis^°  propositis,  omni- 
bus ^^  placuit'^ut  ei^^  tintinnabulum  annecteretur ;  ^'^  sTc 
enim  ipsos  sonitti^^  admonitos  eam  fugere^^  posse.-'''  Sed 
cum  jam  inter  miires  quaereretur/^  qui  feli^^  tintinna- 
bulum annecteret/^'  nemo  repertus  est. 

Fabula  docet,  in  suadendo  plurimos  esse^'  audaces,^^ 
sed  in  ipso  periculo  timidos. 

The  Tortoise  and  the  Eagle. 

245.  Testudo  aquilam  magnopere  orabat,  nt  sese 
volare  doceret.^^  Aquila  ei  ostendebat  quidem,  eam 
rem  petere^^  naturae-'^  suae  contrariam;  sed  illanihilo-*' 
minus  mstabat,  et  obsecrabat  aquilam,  ut  se-''  volu- 
crem^   facere  ^^   vellet.^*^       Itaque   ungulis^^   arreptam 


1  314. 

9  300,  2. 

17  314. 

25  192,  1. 

2  331,  II. 

1^  227. 

18  288,  B. 

26  223. 

3  227. 

11  187,  II,  a. 

19  187,  III. 

27  177;  244,  II 

4  295,  1. 

12  138. 

20  300,  1. 

28  177,  2. 

6  288,  B. 

1^  187,  III. 

21  314. 

29  328. 

6  227. 

11  29a,  4. 

22  233,  2  ;  231. 

30  295,  1. 

7  168. 

15  218. 

23  295,  1. 

•^1  218. 

8  300,  1. 

16  328. 

24  314. 

Selections  for  Reading.  107 

aquila  sustiilit  in  sublime,  et  clemisit  illam,  ut  per 
aerem  ferretiir.^  Turn  in  saxa  incidens  comminuta 
interiit. 

Haec  fabiila  docet,  mnltos  cupiditatibus-  suis  occae- 
catos  consilia  priidentiorum  respuere,^  et  in  exitium 
mere   stultitiii'*   sua.^ 

The  Lion. 

246.  Societatem  junxerant  leo,  juvenca,  capra,  ovis. 
Praeda®  autem,  qiiani  ceperant,  in  quattuor  partes 
aequales  divisa,  leo,  "Prmia,"  ait,  ^^mea  est;  debetur 
enim  haec  ■praestantiae  meae.  Tollam  et  secundam, 
quam  meretur  robur  nieum.  Tertiam  vindicat  sibl 
egregius  labor  mens.  Qudrtam  qui  sibi  arrogdre  volu- 
erit,  is  sciat,^  se  habitTwum  me  inimicum  sibi."^  Quid 
facerent^  imbecilles  bestiae,  aut  quae  sibi  leonem 
Inf  estuui  habere  ^^  vellet  ?  ^^ 


II.   KOMAN   HISTORY. 
1.    The  Regal  Period,  753-510  b.c. _ 

Saturx. 

247.   Antiquissimis  temporibus  ^"  Saturnus  in  Italian! 
venisse    dicitur.     Ibi  hand  procul   a  Janiculo   arcem 


1282. 

4  219. 

7  275. 

10  328. 

2  218. 

6  243,  1,  a. 

8  192,  1. 

11  277. 

3  314. 

6  227. 

9  277. 

12  230. 

108  Selections  for  Reading, 

condidit,  eamqne^  Saturiiiam^  appellavit.     Hic  Italos^ 
primus'*  agriculturam^  docuit. 

Latinus  and  Aeneas. 

248.  Postea  Latinus  in  illis  regionibus  imperavit. 
Sub  hoc  rege  Troja  in  Asia  e versa  est.  Hinc  Aeneas, 
Anchisae  fllius,  cum  multis  Trojanis,  quibus^  ferrum 
Graecorum  pepercerat,  aufugit  et  in  Italiam  pervenit. 
Ibi  Latinus  rex  ei  benigne  recepto  filiani  Laviniam  in 
matrimonium  dedit.  Aeneas  urbem  condidit,  quam^ 
in  honorem  conjugis  Lavinium^  appellavit. 

Founding  of  Alba  Longa  by  Ascanius. 

249.  Post  Aeneae  mortem  Ascanius,  Aeneae  filius, 
regnum  accepit.  Hic  sedeni  regni  in  alium  locum 
transtulit,  urbemque  condidit  in  monte  Albano,  eamque 
Albam  Longam  nuncupavit.  Euni  secutus  est  Silvius, 
qui  post  Aeneae  mortem  Lavlnia^  natus  erat.  Ejus 
poster!  omnes  usque  ad  Komam  conditam  Albae^°  reg- 
naverunt. 

Other  Kings  of  Alba. 

250.  tJnus  liorum  regum,"  Eomulus  Silvius,  se 
Jove^-   majorem^^   esse^"*   dicebat,    et,    cum    tonaret,^^ 


1  177. 

5  178,  1,  h. 

9  215. 

13  233,  2. 

2  177. 

6  187,  II,  a. 

w  232,  1. 

14  314. 

3  178,  1,  6. 

7  177. 

11  201. 

15  288,  B. 

4  241,  2. 

8  177. 

1--2  217. 

Selections  for  Reading.  109 

mllitibus  ^  impenivit,  lit  clipeos  hastis-  percuterent/ 
dlcebatqiie  huiic  sonum  multo^  clariorem"'  esse^  quam 
tonitruni.  Fuhnine''  ictus  et  in  Albanum  lacum  prae- 
cipitatus  est. 

Silvius  Procas,  rex  Albanorum,  duos  filios  reliqiiit 
Numitorem  et  Amulium.  Horiim  minor  natu,^  Amu- 
lius,  fratri  optionem  dedit  utrum  regnum  habere^ 
vellet/'^  an  bona,  quae  pater  reliquisset.^^  ISTumitor 
paterna  bona  praetulit ;   Amulius  regnum  obtinuit. 

Birth  of  Romulus  and  Remus. 

251.  Amulius,  ut  regnum  firmissime  possideret,^- 
Numitoris  filium  per  Tnsidias  interemit  et  flliam  fra- 
tris  Rheam  Silviam^^  Vestalem  virginem"  fecit.  Nam 
his  Yestae  sacerdotibus  ^^  non  licet  viro^^  niibere.^'  Sed 
haec  a  Marte  geminos  filios,  Romulum  et  Remum,  pepe- 
rit.  Hoc  cum  Amulius  comperisset,^^  matrem  in  vin- 
cula  conjecit,  pueros^^  autem  in  Tiberim^  abici^^  jussit. 

252.  Forte  Tiberis  aqua  ultra  ripam  se  effuderat, 
et,  cum  puerl  in  vado  essent  positi,"  aqua  refluens  eos 
in  sicco  relTquit.  Ad  eorum  vagitum  lupa  accurrit, 
eosque  uberibus-^  siiis  aliiit.  Quod  videns  Faustulus 
quidam,  pastor  illlus  regionis,  piieros  siistulit,  et  iixori 
Accae  Larentiae  nutriendos  dedit. 


1  187,  II,  a. 

6  314. 

11  314. 

16  187,  II. 

2^  38,  1. 

2  218. 

7  218. 

1-  282. 

1"  327. 

21  331,  II 

8  295,  1. 

8  220. 

13  177. 

18  288,  B. 

22  286,  2. 

4  228. 

9  328. 

14  177. 

19  331,  11. 

23  218. 

5  233,  2  ;  234.     i^  300,  1.     i^  187,  II,  a. 


110 


Selections  for  Reading. 


Foundation  of  Rome,  753  b.c. 

253.  Sic  Romulus  et  Remus  pueritiam  inter  pastores 
transegerunt.  Cum  adolevissent/  et  forte  comperis- 
sent,  quis  ipsorum  avus,  quae  mater  f  uisset,^  Amulium 
interfecerunt,  et  Numitorl  avo  regnum  restituerunt 
Tum  urbem  concliderunt  in  monte  Aventmo,  quam'^ 
Romulus  a  suo  nomine  Romam'*  vocavit.  Haec  cum 
moenibus^  circumdaretur,^  Remus  occisus  est,  dum 
fratrem  irridens  moenia  transilit.^ 


Seizure  of  the  Sabine  Women. 

254.  Romulus,  ut  civium  numerum  augeret,^  asylum 
patef  ecit,  ad  quod  multi  ex  civitatibus  suls  pulsi  accur- 
rerunt.  Sed  novae  urbis  civibus  conjuges  deerant. 
Itaque  festum  Neptuni  et  ludos  instituit.  Ad  hos 
cum  multi  ex  finitimis  populis  cum  mulieribus  et 
llberis  venissent,^  Roman!  inter  ipsos  ludos  spectantes 
virgines  rapuerunt. 

War  with  the  Sabines. 

255.  Populi  illi  quorum ^^  virgines  raptae  erant  bel- 
lum  adversus  raptores  susceperunt.  Cum  Romae 
appropinquarent,^^  forte  in  Tarpeiam  virginem  incide- 
runt  quae  in  arce  sacra ^-  procurabat.  Hanc  rogabant, 
ut  viam  in  arcem  monstraret,^^  eique  permiserunt,  ut 
munus  sibi  posceret.^**    Ilia  petiit,  ut  sibi  darent/^  quod 


1  288,  B. 

6  218. 

9  288,  B. 

13  295,  1. 

2  300,  1. 

6  288,  B. 

10  198. 

14  295,  2. 

3  177. 

7  293,  I. 

11  288,  B. 

i&  295,  1. 

*  177. 

8  282. 

12  236,  1. 

Selections  for  Reading.  Ill 

in  sinistris  manibus  gererent,  anulos  aiireos  et  arinillas 
significans.  At  hostes  in  arcem  ab  ea  perducti  scutis^ 
Tarpeiam  obruerunt;  nam  et  ea  in  sinistris  manibus 
gerebant. 

Treaty  with  the  Sabines. 

256.  Tum  Romulus  cum  hoste,  qui  montem  Tar- 
peium  tenebat,  pugnam  conseruit  in  eo  loco,  ubi  nunc 
Forum  Romanum  est.  In  media^  caede  raptae  pro- 
cesserunt,  et  liinc  patres  hinc  conjuges  et  soceros  com- 
plectebantur,  et  rogabant,  ut  caedis  finem  facerent.'^ 
Utrique  his  precibus^  commoti  sunt.  Eomulus  foedus 
icit  et  Sablnos  in  urbem  recepit. 

Institutions  of  Romulus,  —  His  Death. 

257.  Postea  civitatem  discripsit.  Centum  scnatores 
legit  eosque^  cum  ob  aetatem  tum  ob  reverentiam  eis 
debitam  patres^  appellavit.  Plebem  in  triginta  curias 
distribuit,  casque  raptarum  nominibus^  nuncupavit. 
Anno^  regni  tricesimo  septimo,  cum  exercitum  lustra- 
ret,^  inter  tempestatem  ortam  repente  oculis  hominum 
subductus  est.  Hinc  alil^*^  cum  a  senatoribus  interfec- 
tum/^  alil^*^  ad  deos  sublatum  esse^^  existimaverunt. 

Reign  of  Numa  Pompilius. 

258.  Post  Romuli  mortem  tinius  anni  interregnum 
fait.     Quo^-  elapso,  Numa  Pompilius,  Curibus,^^  urbe 


1218. 

4  218. 

7  218. 

10  253,  1. 

12  227. 

2  241,  1. 

5  177. 

8  230. 

11  314. 

13  228,  1,  a. 

3  295,  1. 

6  177. 

9  288,  B. 

112  Selections  for  Reading. 

in  agro  Sabinonim  iiatus,  rex^  creatus  est.  Hic  vir 
belliim  qiiidem  nullum  gessit ;  nee  minus  tamen  cm- 
tati^  prof  u it.  Nam  et  leges  cledit,  et  sacra  ^  pliirima 
instituit,  ut  popull  barbari  et  bellicosi  mores  molliret.* 
Omnia'^  autem,  quae  faciebat,  se  nymphae  Egeriae, 
conjugis  suae,  monitu^  facere''  dicebat.  Morbo^  decessit 
quadragesimo  tertio  imperii  anno.^ 

TULLUS    HOSTILIUS. 

259.  Numae^^  successit  Tullus  Hostllius,  ctijus 
avus  se^^  in  bello  ad  versus  Sabinos  fortem  et  strenuum 
virum^^  praestiterat.  Rex^^  creatus  bellum  AlbanTs" 
indixit,  idque  trigeminorum,  Horatiorum  et  Curiatio- 
rum,  certamine^^  finlvit.  Albam  propter  perfidiam 
Mettii  Fufetii  diruit.  Cum  triginta  duo  annos^^  reg- 
nasset/"  fulmine^^  ictus  cum  domo  sua  arsit. 

Angus  Marcius. 

260.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Numae  ex  filia 
nepos,  suscepit  imperium.  Hie  vir  aequitate^^  et 
religione  avo^'"  similis,  Latinos  bello  ^*  domuit,  urbem 
ampliavit,  et  nova  ei^-  moenia  circumdedit.  Carcerem 
primus ^^  aedificavit.  Ad  Tiberis  ostia  urbem  condidit, 
Ostiamque  vocavit.  Vicesimo  quarto  anno-'*  imperii 
morbo-^  obiit. 


1  177,  3. 

6  219. 

11  177. 

16  181. 

21  218. 

2  187,  11,  a. 

'  314. 

12  177. 

1'  288,  B. 

22  187,  III. 

3  236,  1. 

8  219. 

13  177,  3. 

18  218. 

23  241,  2. 

4  282. 

9  230. 

14  187,  III. 

19  226. 

21  230. 

5  236,  1. 

10  187, 

III. 

15  218. 

2^  192,  1. 

25  219. 

Selections  for  Reading.  113 

Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus. 

261.  Deinde  regnum  Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus 
accepit,  Demarati  filius,  qui  tyrannos  patriae  Corinthi 
fugiens  in  Etrilriam  venerat.  Ipse  Tarquinius,  qui 
nomen  ab  urbe  Tarquiniis  accepit,  aliquando  Romam^ 
venerat. 

262.  Cum  Romae-  commoraretur,^  Anci  regis  fami- 
liaritatem  conseciitus  est,  qui  eum^  filiorum  suorum 
tiitorem^  reliquit.  Sed  is  pupillis^  rggnuni  intercepit. 
Senatoribus,  quos  Romulus  creaverat,  centum  alios 
addidit,  qui  minorum  gentium  sunt  appellatl.  Plura 
bella  feliciter  gessit,  nee  paucos  agios,  hostibus 
ademptos,  urbis  territorio^  adjimxit.  Primus*  trium- 
plians  urbem  intravit.  Cloacas  fecit:  Capitolium  inco- 
havit.  Tricesimo  octavo  imperii  anno^  per  And  filios, 
quibus  regnum  eripuerat,  occisus  est. 

Servius  Tullius. 

<^/63.  Post  hunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium, 
genitus  ex  nobili  femina,  captlva  tamen  et  famula. 
Cum  adolevisset,^*^  rex  ei  filiam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

264.  Cum  Priscus  Tarquinius  occisus  esset,^^  Tana- 
quil  de  superiore  parte  domus  populum  allocuta  est, 
dicens:  regem^-  grave  quidew,,  sed  non  letale  vulnus 
accepisse;^^  eum  ])etere,  ut  populus,  dum  convahdsset,^^ 


1182. 

5  17L 

8  241,  2. 

11  288,  B. 

2  232. 

6  188.  2,  d. 

■  9  230. 

12  314. 

3  288,  B. 

7  187,  III. 

10  288,  B. 

13  293,  III,  2 ;  314. 

M77. 

114  Selectio7is  for  Reading, 

Servio  TulUo^  ohoedriet."  Sic  Servius  regnare  coepit, 
et  bene  imperium  administravit.  Montes  tres  urbi 
adjuiixit.  Primus  omnium  censum  ordinavit.  Sub 
eo  Roma  habuit  octoginta  tria  milia  civium  cum  his 
qui  in  agrls  erant. 

265.  Hic  rex  interfectus  est  scelere^  flliae  Tulliae 
et  Tarquinil  Superbl,  fllil  ejus  regis,  cui^  Servius  suc- 
cesserat.  Nam  ab  ipso  Tarquinio^  interfectus  est. 
Tullia  in  forum  properavit,  et  prlma^  conjugem^  regem^ 
salutavit.  Gum  domum^  redlret/"  aurlgam  super  patris 
corpus,  in  via  jacens,  carpentum  agere^^  jussit. 

Tarquinius  Superbus. 

266.  Tarquinius  Superbus  cognomen  moribus^- 
meruit.  Bello^^  tamen  strenuus  plures  finitimorum 
populorum^^  vicit.  Templum  Jo  vis  in  Capitolio  aedi- 
ficavit.  Postea,  dum  Ardeam  oppugnat/^  urbem  Latil, 
imperium  perdidit.  Nam  cum  fllius  ejus  Lucretiae, 
nobilissimae  feminae,  conjugl^^  Tarquinil  Collatlnl, 
vim  fecisset/''  haec  se  ipsa  occldit  in  conspectu  maritl, 
patris,  amlcorumque,  postquam  eos  obtestata  est^*^  ut 
banc  injuriam  ulclscerentur.^^ 

267.  Hanc  ob  causam  L.  Brutus,  Collatlnus,  alilque 
nonnulll   in   exitium    regis    conjurarunt,    populoque-" 


1  187,  II,  a. 

6  241,  2. 

11  831, 

II. 

16  187,  I. 

2  295,  1. 

7  177. 

12  219. 

17  288,  B. 

3  218. 

8  177. 

13  226. 

18  287,  1. 

4  187,  III. 

9  182,  1,  6. 

14  201. 

19  295,  1. 

6  216. 

10  288,  B. 

IS  293, 

I. 

20  187,  II,  a. 

Selections  for  Reading.  115 

persuaserimt,  ut  el  portas  urbis  clauderet.^  Exercitus 
quoque,  qui  civitatem  Ardeam  cum  rege  oppugnabat, 
eum  reliqiiit.  Itaque  fugit  cum  uxore  et  llberis  suis. 
Ita  Eomae  septem  reges  regnaverunt  aniios^  ducentos 
quadraginta  tres. 

2.     The  Early  Republic,  510-241  b.c. 

Institution  of  the  Republic,  510  b.c. 

268.  Hinc  consules  coeperc^  pro  uno  rege  duo 
crearl,*  ut  si  unus  malus  esset,  alter  eum  coerceret.^ 
Annuuin  eis  imperium  tributum  est,  ue  per  diuturni- 
tatem  potestatis  Insoleutiores  redderentur.^  Fuerunt 
igitur  auuo^  j)i'i"^o,  expulsTs  regibus.^  consules  L. 
Junius  Brutus,  acerrimus  llbertatis  vindex,  et  Tar- 
quinius  Collatinus  marltus  Lucretiae,  sed  Collatino^ 
paulo^J  post  dignitas  adempta  est.  Placuerat  enim,  ne 
quis  ex  Tarquiniorum  familia  Romae  maneret.^^  Ergo 
cum  omni  patrimonio  suo  ex  urbe  migravit,  et  in  ejus 
locum  Valerius  Publicola  consul^-  factus  est. 

Death  of  Brutus. 

269.  Commovit  bellum  urbl  rex  Tarquinius.  In 
prima  pugna  Brutus  consul,  et  Arruns,  Tarquinil  filius, 
inter  sese^^  occiderunt.  RomanI  tameii  ex  ea  pugna 
victores    recesserunt.       Brutum    Romanae    matronae, 


1  295,  1. 

5  282. 

8  227. 

11  295,  4. 

2  181. 

6  282. 

9  188,  2,  (7. 

1-2  177,  3. 

3  133. 

7  230. 

10  223. 

13  245. 

4  328. 

116  Selections  for  Reading. 

quasi  communem  patrem,  per  annum  liixerunt.  Vale- 
rius Publicola  Spurium  Lucretium/  collegam-  sibi 
fecit;  cum  morbo  exstinctus  esset,^  Publicola  Horatium 
Pulvillura  sibi  collegam  sumpsit.  Itaque  primus 
annus  quinque  consules  habuit. 

War  with  Porsena,  508  b.c. 

270.  Secundo  quoque  anno^  iterum  Tarquinius 
bellum  Romanls'  intulit,  Porsena,*^  rege  Etruscorum, 
auxilium  ei  ferente.  In  illo  bello  Horatius  Codes 
solus  pontem  ligneum  defendit  et  hostes  cohibuit,  dum 
pons  a  tergo  ruptus  esset.^  Tum  se  cum  armis  in 
Tiberiiii  conjecit,  et  ad  suos^  transnavit. 

271.  Dum  Porsena  urbem  obsidet,^  Qulntus  Mucins 
Scaevola,  juvenis  fortis  animi,^*'  in  castra  hostium  se 
contulit  eo  consilio,  ut  regeni  occideret.^^  At  ibi  scri- 
bani  regis  pro  ipso  rege  interfecit.  Tum  a  regiis 
satellitibus ^^  comprehensus  et  ad  regem  deductus,  cum 
Porsena  eum  ignibus^^  allatis  terreret/^  dextram  arae'^ 
accensae  imposuit,  dum  flammis  consumpta  esset.^^ 
Hoc  facinus  rex  miratus,  juvenem  dimisit  incolumem. 
Tum  hic,  quasi  benelicium  referens,  ait,  trecentos  alios 
juvenes^'^  in  eum  coiijiirasse}^  Hac  re^^  territus  Porsena 
pacem  cum  Romanis  fecit,  Tarquinius  autem  Tuscu- 
hmi^^  se  contulit,  ibique  privatus  cum  uxore  consenuit. 


1177. 

6  227. 

11  282. 

16  293,  III,  2. 

2  177. 

7  293,  III,  2. 

12  216. 

17  314. 

3  288,  B. 

8  236,  1. 

13  227. 

18  218. 

4  230. 

9  293,  I. 

14  288,  B. 

19  182. 

6  187,  III. 

10  203,  1. 

15  187,  III. 

Selections  for  Reading.  117 

Secession  of  the  Plebs,  494  b.c. 

272.  Sexto  decimo  anno^  post  reges  exactos,  popu- 
lus  Romae-  seclitionem  fecit,  questus  quod  tribiitis^  et 
militia  a  senatu  exhaiiriretur."*  Magna  pars  plebis 
urbem  rellqiiit,  et  in  monteni  trans  Anieneni  amnem 
secessit.  Turn  patres  turbati  Menenium  Agrippani 
miserunt  ad  plebem  qui  earn  senatui  conciliaret.^  Hie 
els  inter  alia^  fabulani  naravit  de  ventre  et  membrls 
humani  corporis;  qua^  populus  commotus  est,  ut  in 
urbem  rediret.'*^  Tum  primum  tribunl  plebis  creati 
sunt,  qui  plebem  adversum  nobilitatis  superbiam 
defenderent.'"^ 

Treason  of  Coriolaxus,  492  b.c 

273.  Octavo  decimo  anno^"  post  exactos  reges,  Q. 
Marcius,  Coriolanus^^  dictus  ab  urbe  Yolscorum  Corio- 
lis,  quam  bello  ceperat,  plebi  ^"  invisus  fieri  coepit. 
Quare  urbe^^  expulsus  ad  Volscos,  acerrimos  Romano- 
rum  hostes,  contendit,  et  ab  els^*  dux^^  exercittis  f actus 
Romanos  saepe  vicit.  Jam  usque  ad  quintum  millia- 
rium  urbis  accesserat,  nee  ullis  civium  suorum  lega- 
tionibus  flecti  poterat,  ut  patriae  parceret.^^  Denique 
Veturia  mater  et  Volumnia  uxor  ex  urbe  ad  eum 
venerunt;  quarum  fletu^"  et  precibus  commotus  est, 
ut  exercitum  removeret.^^  Quo^^  facto  a-"  Volscis  ut 
proditor  occTsus  esse  dicitur. 


1  230. 

5  282,  2. 

9  282,  2. 

13  214. 

1"  218. 

2  232. 

6  236,  1. 

15  230. 

1^  216. 

18  295,  1. 

3  218. 

'  218. 

11  177,  3. 

15  177,  3. 

19  227. 

4  286,  1. 

8  295,  1. 

1-2  192,  1. 

1*5  295,  1. 

20  216. 

118  Selections  for  Reading. 

Battle  of  the  Cremera,  477  b.c. 

274.  Cum  Romani  aclversum  Vejentes  bellum  gere- 
rent,^  familia  Fabiorum  sola  hoc  helium  suscepit. 
Profecti  sunt  trecenti  sex  nohilissimi  homines,  duce- 
Fabio  consule.  Cum  saepe  hostes  vicissent,  apud 
Cremeram  fluvium  castra  posuerunt.  Ibi,  cum  Vejen- 
tes dolo^  usi  eos  in  Tnsidias  pellexissent,  in  proelio 
exorto  omnes  perierunt.  Unus  superfuit  ex  tanta 
familia,  qui  propter  aetatem  puerilem  dud  non  potuerat 
ad  pugnam.  Hic  genus  propagavit  ad  Quintum 
Fabium  Maximum,  ilium  qui  Hannibalem  prudent! 
cunctatione  debilitavit. 

The  Decemvirs. 

275.  Anno  trecentesimo  et  altero  ab  urbe  condita 
decemviri  creati  sunt,  qui  civitati  leges  scriberent.* 
Hi  primo  anno  bene  egerunt;  secundo  autem  domina- 
tionem  exercere^  coeperunt.  Sed  cum  tinus  eorum, 
Appius  Claudius,  virginem  ingenuam,  Virginiam,  Vir- 
ginii  centurionis  flliam,  corrumpere  vellet,  pater  eam 
occidit.  Tum  ad  milites  profugit  eosque  ad  seditionem 
commovit.  Adempta  est  decemviris^  potestas,  ipslque 
omnes  aut  morte'^  aut  exsilio  pimiti  sunt. 

The  Siege  of  Veil 

276.  In  hello  contra  Vejentanos  Furius  Camillus 
urbem  Falerios  obsidebat.     In  qua  obsidione  cum  ludi 

1  288,  B.  3  218,  1.  5  328.  7  218. 

2  227.  *  282,  2.  c  i88,  2,  d 


Selections  for  Reading.  119 

iitterarii  m  agister  principum  fllios  ex  urbe  in  castra 
hostiuni  dtixisset,  Camillus  hoc  doniim  non  accepit, 
sed  scelestuin  hominem,  manibus^  post  tergum  vinctis, 
pueris  Falerios  rediicendum  tradidit;  virgasque  eis 
dedit,  quibus  proditorem  in  urbem  agerent.^  Hac 
tanta  animi  nobilitate  commoti  Falisci  urbem  Romanis 
tradiderunt.  Camillo  autem  apud  Romanos  crimini^ 
datum  est,  quod  albls  equls  triumphassef*  et  praedam 
inaeque  divlsisset;  damnatus  ob  earn  causam  et  civi- 
tate^  expulsus  est. 

EOME  CAPTURED  BY  THE  GaULS,  390  B.C. 

277.  Paulo ^  post  Galli  Senones  ad  urbem  venerunt, 
Romanos  ad  fliimen  Alliam  vicerunt,  et  urbem  etiam 
occuparunt.  Jam  nihil  praeter  Capitolium  defend! 
potuit.  Et  jam  praesidium  fame''  laborabat,  et  in  eo 
erant,  ut  pacem  a  Gallis  auro*  emerent,^  cum  Camil- 
lus cum  manti  militum  superveniens  hostes  magno 
proelio^"  superavit. 

Achievement  of  Titus  Maxlius  Torquatus,  361  b.c. 

278.  Anno  trecentesimo  •nonagesimo  tertio  post 
urbem  conditam  Galli  iterum  ad  urbem  accesserant, 
et  quarto  milliario  trans  Anienem  fluvium  consede- 
rant.  Contra  eos  missus  est  Titus  Quinctius.  Ibi  Gal- 
lus  quidam  eximia  corporis  magnitudine^^  fortissimum 


1227. 

*  286,  1. 

7  59,2,  &;  219. 

10  218. 

2  282,  2. 

6  214. 

8  225. 

11  224. 

3  191,  1. 

6  223. 

9  297. 

120  Selections  for  Reading. 

Romanoruin  ad  certamen  singulare  provocavit.  Titus 
Manlius,  nobilissimus  juvenis,  provocationeni  accepit, 
Galium  occidit,  eumque  torque^  aureo  spoliavit,  quo 
ornatus  erat.  Hinc  et  ipse  et  posterl  ejus  Torquati^ 
appellati  sunt.     Galll  fugam  capessiverunt. 

Marcus  Valeetus  Corvinus,  348  b.c. 

279.  iSTovo  bello^  cum  Gallis  exorto,  anno  urbis 
quadringentesimo  sexto,  iterum  Gallus  processit  robore 
atque  armis  insignis,  et  provocavit  unum  ex  Eomanis 
ut  secum  armis  decerneret.^  Tum  se  M.  Valerius, 
tribunus  mllitum,  obtulit;  et,  cum  processisset  armatus, 
corvus  ei^  supra  dextrum  braccliium  sedit.  Mox,  com- 
missa  ptigna,^  hic  corvus  alTs'^  et  unguibus  Galli  oculos 
verberavit.  Ita  factum  est  ut  Gallus  nullo  negotio  a 
Valerio  interficeretur/  qui  liinc  Corvini  nomen  accepit. 

War  with  the  Samnites,  323  b.c. 

280.  Postea  Roman!  bellum  gesserunt  cum  Samniti- 
bus,  ad  quod  L.  Papirius  Cursor  cum  lion  ore  dictatoris 
profectus  est.  Qui  cum  iiegotii  cUjusdam  causa 
Romam^  rediisset,  praecepit  Q.  Fabio  Rulliano,^'^ 
magistro  equitum,  quem  apud  exercitum  reliquit,  ne 
pugiiam  cum  hoste  committeret."  Sed  ille,  occasionem 
nactus,  felicissime  dimicavit,  et  Samnites  delevit.  Ob 
hanc  rem  a  dictatore  capitis ^^  damnatus  est.     At  ille 


1214. 

4  295,  1. 

7  218. 

10  187,  II,  a. 

2  177,  3. 

5  188. 

8  297,  2. 

11  295,  1. 

3  227. 

6  227. 

9  182. 

12  208,  2,  a. 

Selections  for  Reading.  \21l 

in  urbeni  confugit,  et  ingenti  favore^  militum  et  populi 
liberatiis  est;  in  Paplriuni  autem  tanta  exorta  est 
seclitio;  lit  paene  ipse  interficeretur.^ 

Battle  of  the  Caudixe  Forks,  321  e.g. 

281.  Duobiis  annis^  post  T.  Yetiirius  et  Spurius 
Postiimius  consules  belliim  adversum  Samnites  gere- 
bant.  Hi  a  Pontic  Telesino/  diice  hostiiira,  in  msidias 
induct!  sunt.  jSTani  ad  Piirculas  Caudmas  Romanos 
pellexit  in  angiistias  unde  sese  expedire  non  poterant. 
Ibi  Pontius  patrem  suiim  Herennium  rogavit,  quid 
faciendum  putaret.^  Hie  respondit,  aut  omnes  occJden- 
dos  esse,^  ut  Rdmanorum  vires  frangerentur,^  aut  omnes 
dimittendos,  ut  heneficio  ohligarentur.  Pontius  utrum- 
que  consilium  improbavit,  omnesque  sub  jugiim  misit. 
Samnites  denique  post  bellum  undequinquaginta  anno- 
rum  superati  sunt. 

War  avith  Pyrrhus,  281  e.g. 

282.  Devictis  Samnitibus,^  Tarentlnis^  bellum  in- 
dictiim  est,  quia  legatis  E-omanorum  injuriam  fecis- 
sent.^°  Hi  Pyrrhum,"  Epirl  regem,  contra  Romanos 
auxilium^-  poposcerunt.  Is  mox  in  Italiam  venit, 
turn  que  primiim  Romani  cum  transmarino  lioste  pug- 
naverunt.  Missus  est  contra  eum  consul  Publius 
Valerius    Laevinus.      Hie,    cum    exploratores    Pyrrhi 


1219. 

4  216. 

7  282. 

i-)  286,  1. 

2  284,  1. 

5  300,  1. 

8  227. 

11  178,  1,  a. 

3  223. 

6  314. 

0  187,  III. 

12  178,  1,  a. 

122  Selections  for  Reading. 

cgpisset,  jussit  eos  per  castra  duel,  tumque  dimitti, 
ut  reniintiai'ent  ^  Pyrrho,  quaeciimque  a  Romanis^ 
agerentur. 

283.  Pugna^  commissa,  Pyrrliiis  auxilio*  elephanto- 
rum  vicit.  Nox  proelio  finem  dedit.  Laevinus  tamen 
per  noctem  fugit.  Pyrrhus  Romanos  mllle  octingentos 
cepit,  eosque  suinmo  honore^  tractavit.  Cum  eos,  qui 
in  proelio  interfecti  erant,  omiies  adversis  vulneribus^ 
et  truci  viiltii^  etiam  mortuos  jacere''  videret,  tulisse 
ad  caelum  manus  dicitur  cum  liac  voce :  "  Ego  cum 
talihus  viris  brevl^  orhem  terrdrum  siibigam.^' 

284.  Postea  Pyrrhus  Romam^  perrexit;  omnia  ferro 
ignique  vastavit;  Campaniam  depopulatus  est,  atque 
ad  Praeneste  venit,  milliario  ab  urbe  octavo  decimo. 
Mox  terrore^*^  exercitus,  qui  cum  consule^^  sequebatur, 
in  Campaniam  se  recepit.  Legati  ad  Pyrrhum  de 
captivis  redimendis^-  missi  honorifice  ab  eo^^  suscepti 
sunt;  captlvos  sine  pretio  reddidit.  Unum  ex  legatis, 
Pabricium  sic  admiratus  est,  ut  ei  quartam  partem 
regni  sui  promitteret,^"*  si  ad  se  translret,^^  sed  a 
Fabricio  contemptus  est. 

285.  Cum  jam  Pyrrhus  ingenti  Romanorum  admira- 
tione^*^  teneretur,  legatum  misit  Cineam,  praestantissi- 
mum    virum    qui   pacem    peteret^^    ea   condicione,   ut 


1282. 

5  220. 

9  182. 

12  339,  1. 

15  314;  319,  B. 

2  216. 

6  224. 

10  219. 

13  216. 

16  218. 

3  227. 

7  314. 

11  222. 

14  284,  1. 

17  282,  2. 

4  218. 

.  8  231. 

. 

Selections  for  Reading.  123 

Pyrrhus  earn  partem  Italiae  quam  armis^  occupaverat 
obtineret.  RomaDi  responderunt,  eum  cum  Romanis 
pdcem  habere  tion  posse,^  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset.^ 
Cineas  cum  rediisset,  Pyrrho  eum  iuterroganti,  qualis 
ipsi  Roma  visa  esset,*  respondit,  se  regum  patriam 
vidisse. 

IXTEGRITY    OF    FaBRICIUS. 

286.  In  altero  proelio  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est, 
elephant!  interfecti,  viginti  milia  hostium  caesa  sunt. 
Pyrrhus  Tarentum^  fugit.  Inter jecto  anno,  Fabricius 
contra  eum  missus  est.  Ad  hunc  medicus  Pyrrhl 
nocte^  venit  promittens,  se  Pyrrhum  veneno  occisurum 
SI  munus  sibi  daretur.^  Hunc  Fabricius  vinctum 
reduci^  jussit  ad  dominnm.  Tunc  rex  admiratus  ilhun 
dixisse  fertur :  "  Ille  est  Fabricius,  qui  difficilius  ab 
lionestdte  quani  sol  a  cursu  sua  dverti  potest.''^  Paulo 
post  Pyrrhus  tertio  etiam  proelio  fusus  a  Tarento 
recessit,  et,  cum  in  Graeciam  rediisset,  ad  Argos, 
Peloponnesi  urbem,  interfectus  est. 

First  Punic  War,  264  b.c. 

287.  Anno  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo  post 
urbem  conditam  Eomanorum  exercitiis  primum  in 
Sicilian!  trajecerunt,  regemque  Syractisarum  Hiero- 
nem,  Poenosque,  qui  multas  civitates  in  ea  Insula 
occupaverant,  superaverunt.  Quinto  anno  hujus  belli, 
quod  contra  Poenos  gerebatur,  primum  RomanI,  Gaio 

— — ■■ "  ■  ..11  ■ —  ■       .    -  -» . 

1218.  3314.  319^  B,«.        M82.  "  314;  319,  B,  a 

2314.  4300,  1.  6  230.  8  331^  ji_ 


124  Selections  for  Heading. 

DiiTlio,  Gnaeo  Cornelio  Asina  consulibus/  marl  climi. 
caverunt.  Duiliiis  Carthaginienses  vicit,  triginta  naves 
occupavit,  quattuordecira  mersit,  septem  milia  hos- 
tium^  cepit,  tria  milia  occidit.  Nulla  victoria 
Komanls^  gratior  fuit. 

The  Eomans  invade  Africa,  256  b.c. 

288.  Panels  annis  inter jectis,  bellum  in  Africam  est 
translatum.  Hamilcar,  Carthaginiensimn  dux,  pngna* 
navall  superatus  est ;  nam,  perditis  sexaginta  quattuor 
navibns,  se  recepit;  Romani  vigintl  duas  amiserunt. 
Cum  in  Africam  venissent,  Poenos  in  pluribus  proeliis 
vicerunt,  magnam  A^im  hominum  ceperunt,  septuaginta 
quattuor  civitates  in  fidem  acceperunt.  Tum  victi 
Carthaginienses  pacem  a  Eomanls^  petierunt.  Quam 
cum  Marcus  AtTlius  E-egulus,  Romanorum  dux,  dare 
nollet  nisi  durissimis  condicionibus,  Carthaginienses 
auxilium  petierunt  a  Lacedaemoniis.  Hi  Xanthippum 
miserunt,  qui  Eomanum  exercitum  magno  proelio 
vicit.     Regulus  ipse  captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est. 

Patriotism  of  Regulus,  250  e.g. 

289.  Non  tamen  ubique  fortuna  Carthaginiensibus*^ 
favit.  Cum  aliquot  proeliis^  victi  essent,  Regulum 
rogaverunt,  ut  Romam  proficisceretur/  et  pacem  capti- 
vorumque  permutationem  a  Eomanis  obtineret.     Hie 

1  227,  1.  3  192,  1.  5  178,  i,  «,  p.  12G.  "^  218. 

2  201.  4  218.  6  187,  II,  a.  ^  295,  1. 


Selections  for  Reading.  125 

cum  Romam^  venisset,  incluctus  in  senatum  dixit,  se 
desiisse^  Romanum  esse  ex  ilia  die,  qua^  in  potestatem 
Poendruin  venisset.'^  Turn  Eomaiiis^  suasit,  ne  pacem 
cum  Cartliaginiensibus  facerent:^  illos  enim  tot  casibus 
fractos  spem  niillam  nisi  in  pace  habere:  tanti  non 
esse,^  ut  tot  mllia  captivorum  propter  se  unum  et  paucos, 
qui  ex  Romdnis  capti  essent,^  redderentur.  Haec  sen- 
tentia  obtinuit.  Regressus  igitur  in  Africam  crudelis- 
simis  suppliciis  exstlnctus  est. 


Close  of  the  First  Punic  War,  241  b.c. 

290.  Tandem  C.  Lutatio  Catulo,  A.  Postumio  con- 
sulibus,''  anno  belli  Punici  vicesimo  tertio  magnum 
proelium  navale  commissum  est  contra  Lilybaeum, 
promunturium  Siciliae.  In  eo  proelio  septuaginta 
tres  Carthaginiensium  naves  captae,  centum  vlginti 
quinque  demersae,  triginta  duo  milia  hostium^  capta, 
tredecim  mllia  occisa  sunt.  Statim  Carthaginienses 
pacem  petierunt,  eisque  pax  tributa  est.  Captivi 
Bomanorum,  qui  tenebantur  a  Carthaginiensibus, 
redditl  sunt.  PoenI  Sicilia,^  Sardinia,  et  ceteris 
Insulls,  quae  inter  Italiam  Africam  que  jacent,  deces- 
serunt,  omnemque  Hispaniam  quae  citra  Hiberum 
est^  Romanis  permlserunt. 


1182. 

4  187,  II,  a. 

6  314. 

8  201. 

2  314. 

5  295,  1. 

7  227,  1. 

9  214. 

3  230. 

NOTES   ON   THE   SELECTIONS   FOR 

READING. 


235.  ei:  for  her.  pariebat :  notice  the  imperfect  tense, 
which  is  regularly  used  to  denote  a  customary  or  repeated  ac- 
tion, illam  :  this  is  the  subject  of  celdre  ;  mdssani  is  the 
object.  repperit :  from  reperio.  nisi  quod:  except  what; 
the  antecedent  of  quod  is  id  understood,  minores  :  i.e.  lesser 
riches;  understand  divitids. 

236.  pascebantur  :   used  to  graze.         dissidio  .  .  ,  orto  : 

when  discord  arose  or  since  discord  arose.,  lit.  discord  having 
arisen.  In  rendering  the  ablative  absolute,  pains  should  be 
taken  to  translate  it  by  an  equivalent  English  idiom.  quan- 
tum boni :  how  great  advantage^  lit.  how  much  of  good. 

237.  Cui :  indirect  object  of  inquit.  boum  :  gen.  plu.  of 
bos.  ista:  your,  lit.  that.,  that  of  yours.  quod:  in  that; 
the  clause  quod  pateris  is  explanatory  of  invidia.  pateris : 
from  patior.  nee  .  .  .  nee  :  neither  .  .  .  nor.  velis,  pos- 
sis :  these  verbs  are  in  the  subjunctive  by  attraction.  In  Latin, 
a  clause  dependent  upon  a  subjunctive  is  regularly  attracted 
into  the  same  mood ;  §  324. 

238.  Duo:  two  men.  una:  the  adv.,  together.  iter 
faeiebant :  were  travelling,  lit.  ivere  making  a  journey.  nee  : 
and  .  .  .  not. 

239.  praetereunti :  ivho  ivas  passing  by ;  pres.  participle  of 
praetereo. 

240.  ille:  i.e.  the  farmer.  eum  :  the  mouse.  quod 
desperare  debeat :  that  it  ought  to  despair;  quod  is  the  rela- 

126 


Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading.       127 

tive  ;  clauses  of  result  are  sometimes  introduced  by  relatives. 
modo  .  .  .  velit :  provided  it  wishes ;  modo  in  this  sense  is 
regularly  followed  by  the  subjunctive. 

241.  qui.  .  .  extrahat :  to  pull  it  out.  Hoc:  i.e.  the 
removal  of  the  bone.  parva  merces  :  this  is  the  predicate 
nominative  with  videtui\  the  subject  of  videtur  being  the  clause 
quod  .  .  .  extrdxistl,  that  you  took  you?'  head  out  unharmed. 

242.  iiiquiunt :  3d  plu.  of  inquit ;  its  subject  is  hostes. 
hoc  ipsum  :   this  very  thing.  cum  :  though. 

243.  Agricola  senex  :  an  old  farmer.  mortem  sibi 
appropinquare  :  that  death  urns  approaching  him^  lit.  death  to 
approach  himself.  ut  fieri  solet :  as  is  wont  to  happen. 
noverat:  knew;  the  perfect  of  nosed  has  the  force  of  the 
present  in  the  sense,  I  know,  and  the  pluperfect  similarly 
has  the  force  of  the  imperfect.  ut  frangerent :  to  break. 
Observe  that  frangerent  is  in  the  imperfect,  although  hortdtur 
is  in  the  present.  At  first  sight  this  seems  to  violate  the  prin- 
ciple for  the  sequence  of  tenses  ;  but  hortdtur  is  what  is  called 
an  Historical  Present,  i.e.  it  really  refers  to  the  past ;  and  hence 
is  treated  as  an  historical  tense.  Quod  cum  facere  non 
possent :  and  when  they  could  not  do  this,  lit.  ichen  they  could 
not  do  which  ;  it  is  very  common  in  Latin  to  introduce  a  sen- 
tence by  a  relative,  w'here  in  English  we  should  employ  a  de- 
monstrative or  personal  pronoun  with  a  conj.,  —  and  he,  hut  he, 
and  this,  hut  this,  etc.  fractis  :  i.e.  by  the  sons,  quam- 
que  :  and  how  ;  que  is  the  enclitic. 

244.  quo  modo  .  .  .  caverent :  as  to  how  they  should  guard 
against  the  cat.  mtiltis  aliis  propositis  :  when  many  other 
things  had  heen  proposed.  posse  :  this  infinitive  depends 
upon  the  idea  of  thinking  involved  in  placuit,  etc.  cum  jam 
quaereretur,  etc.  :  when  it  came  to  asking  ivho  would  fasten, 
lit.  when  it  was  already  asked,  etc.  ;  qui  is  the  interrogative  ; 
this  form  (instead  of  quis)  often  occurs  in  indirect  questions. 

245.  sese :  it,  i.e.  the  tortoise.  eam.  rem  :  earn  is  subject 
of  peters  ;  rem  is  the  object.  arreptam  sustulit :  snatched 
up  and  carried. 


128       Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading. 

246.  Prima  :  understand  pars.  ait :  third  sing,  of  pres. 
ind.  of  ajo.  et :  also.  qui  :  its  antecedent  is  the  following 
is.        inimicum  :  as  an  enemy.         Quid  facerent,  etc. :  what 

were  the  beasts  to  do  ?        quae  :  which  one  f 

247.  Satumus  :  the  god  Saturn.  Janiculo :  the  Janic- 
ulum  was  a  hill  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tiber,  directly 
opposite  the  seven  hills  on  which  Kome  was  built. 

248.  Troja  :  the  famous  city  in  northwestern  Asia  Minor. 
The  mythical  date  of  its  overthrow  is  1184  b.c.  Hinc  :  i.e. 
from  Troy.  pepercerat :  from  pared.  ei  benigne  re- 
cepto  dedit :  received  him  kindly  and  gave  him.,  lit.  gave  to 
him  having  been  Jdndly  received.  in  matrimonium,  in 
honorem  :  in  marriage,  in  honor;  the  Latin  says  into. 

249.  monte  Albano  :  in  Latium  about  twenty  miles  S.E. 
of  Rome.  Alba  Longa  :  lit.  the  long  white  (town)  ;  so  called 
from  the  fact  that  its  white  buildings  stretched  for  a  long  dis- 
tance over  the  ridge  of  the  hill.  genitus  erat :  from  gig  no. 
usque  ad  Romam  conditam  :  iip  to  the  very  founding  of 
Bome,  lit.  even  up  to  Home  founded. 

250.  tonaret :  impersonal.  minor  natu  :  the  younger, 
lit.  the  lesser  as  to  birth.  praecipitatus  est:  fell  headlong. 
reliquisset :  inasmuch  as  the  preceding  indirect  question  is 
indirect  discourse,  reliquisset  is  a  subordinate  clause  in  indi- 
rect discourse  ;  hence  the  subjunctive. 

251.  Vestal  em  virginem  :  there  were  six  Vestal  virgins  ; 
their  duty  was  to  watch  the  fire  which  was  kept  constantly 
burning  on  the  hearth  of  Vesta's  temple.  a  Marte  :  by  (lit. 
from)  Mars.         peperit  :  ivom  parib. 

252.  ultra  ripam,  etc.  :  i.e.  had  overflowed  its  banks,  lit.  had 
poured  itself  beyond  the  bank.  effuderat  is  from  effundo. 
essent  positi:  =  posit'i  essent ;  from,  pb no.  in  sicco:  on 
dry  land;  sicco  is  used  substantively.  Quod:  this,  lit. 
ivhich  ;  another  illustration  of  the  use  of  the  relative  pronoun, 
where  in  English  we  naturally  employ  the  demonstrative. 
sustulit :  from  tollo.        nutriendos  :  to  be  called  for. 


Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Heading.       129 

253.  transegerunt :  from  ^mws/r/o.  adolevissent :  from 
adolesco.  fratreni  irridens :  in  ridicule  of  his  brother^  lit. 
ridiculiiuj. 

254.  populis  :  the  pupil  sliould  bear  in  mind  that  tliis  means 
tribes,  uni  people  in  the  ordinary  English  sense.  ipsos  :  vei^y. 
spectantes  :  as  they  were  looking  on. 

255.  raptores  :  those  icho  had  seized  (the  maidens). 
quod:  u'hat  {that  ichich)  ;  as  antecedent,  understand  id.  object 
of  darent.        et  ea  :  those  also,  those  too  ;  et  is  here  an  adverb. 

256.  Forum  Romanum  :  the  Forum  was  situated  on  level 
ground  surrounded  by  six  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome.  raptae  : 
the  {women  who  had  been)  seized.  hinc  .  .  .  hinc  :  oii  the 
one  side  .  .  .  on  the  other. 

257.  discripsit :  i.e.  organized  different  political  and  social 
classes.  cum  .  .  .  turn  :  not  only  .  .  .  but  also,  lit.  ichen 
.  .  .  then  {ivhile  .  .  .  at  the  same  time).  ortam  :  from  orior. 
oculis  :  from  the  eyes  ;  oculis  is  really  dative  ;  verbs  of  taking 
avxiy  at  times  take  the  dative  in  the  sense  of  from.  alii  .  .  . 
alii :  some  .  .  .  others. 

258.  interregnum :  interregnum,  i.e.  a  period  between  reigns. 
Curibus  :  this  limits  ndtus.  quidem  :  to  be  sure;  observe 
that  quidem  always  lays  stress  upon  the  word  immediately  pre- 
ceding it  (here  bellum)  ;  frequently  it  is  best  to  attempt  no 
special  translation  of  quidem,  but  to  bring  out  its  force  in  Eng- 
lish by  the  arrangement  of  words  or  by  oral  emphasis, 
gessit :  from  gero.  nee  minus  tamen  profuit :  and  yet  he 
was  none  the  less  of  advantage.  et  .  .  .  et :  both  .  .  .  and. 
se  nymphae.  etc.\:  he  said  he  did  at  the  advice  of  the  nymph 
Egeria,  his  loife. 

259.  praestiterat :  from  praesto.  regnSsset :  =  regnd- 
visset ;  §  116.  1.         arsit :  remember  that  di'deo  is  intransitive. 

260.  nova  ei  moenia  circumdedit :  surrounded  it  with  new 
imlls,  lit.  surrounded  new  walls  to  it.  ad  Tiberis  ostia  : 
Rome  was  some  twenty  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber  by 
the  course  of  the  river.        obiit  :  died,  lit.  met  {death). 


130       Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Heading. 

262.    pupillis  :  from  his  icards.        minorum  gentium  :  un- 

aerstand  sendtdres,  i.e.  senators  of  the  lesser  gentes  (tribes). 
nee  paucos  agros  :  and  not  afeio  lands.  hostibus  :  from 
the   enemy;    dative.  ademptos :    from   adimo.         trium- 

phans  :  in  a  triumphal  procession^  lit.  triumphing.  Cloacas  : 
several  of  the  ancient  Roman  sewers  still  exist  and  are  in  use 
to-day.  Capitolium  :  the  magnificent  temple  on  the  summit 
of  the  Capitoline  Hill.  It  was  dedicated  to  Jupiter,  Juno,  and 
Minerva.  per  Anci  filios  :  i.e.  at  their  instigation  ;  they 
hired  assassins  to  perform  the  deed.  quibus  :  from  whom; 
dative. 

264.  grave  quidem  :  serious,  to  he  sure.  eum  petere : 
that  he  requested.  dum  convaluisset :  iintil  he  should 
recover. 

265.  in  agris :  in  the  country,  jacens :  (which  was) 
lying. 

266.  Templum  Jovis  :  the  one  begun  by  Tarquinius  Priscus. 
ipsa  :  iLHth  her  own  hand. 

267.  Hanc  ob  causani :  when  a  noun  is  limited  by  an 
adjective  or  a  pronoun,  the  preposition  very  often  stands  be- 
tween the  two.  in  exitium  :  for  the  destruction.  ei :  i.e. 
against  him. 

268.  si  .  .  .  esset  :  esset  is  in  the  subjunctive  as  the  result 
of  attraction  to  the  subjunctive  coerceret.  insolentiores  : 
too  arrogant.  expulsis  regibus  :  after  the  expulsion  of  the 
kings.  Collatino  :  from  Collatinus  (dative).  Placuerat : 
they  had  ordained^  lit.  it  had  pleased  {them).  in  ejus  locum  : 
in  his  place. 

269.  urbi :  against  the  city.  inter  sese  occiderunt : 
killed  each  other.  Roman!  .  .  .  victores  recesserunt  : 
the  Bomans  retired  as  victors ;  victores  is  the  predicate  nomina- 
tive.        lux§runt :  from  liigeo. 

270.  Horatius  Codes  :  read  Macaulay's  Horatius  at  the 
Bridge  (Lays  of  Ancient  Borne)  for  a  spirited  account  of  Ho- 
ratius's  achievement.         ad  suos  :  to  his  friends. 


Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading.       131 

271.  eo  consilio,  etc. :  with  this  design,  viz.  to  kill  the  king, 
the  clause  nt  .  .  .  occideret  is  in  apposition  with  consilio. 
ignibus  allatis  :  by  bringing  in  fires;  alldfis  is  from  affero. 
terreret :  i.e.  endeavored  to  frighten  him.  accensae  :  burn- 
ing, lit.  kindled.  consumpta  esset :  this  loss  of  his  right 
hand  was  the  origin  of  the  name  Scaevola,  '  the  left-handed.' 
conjurasse :  a  shortened  form  for  conjurdvisse ;  §  116,  1. 
privatus  :  as  a  private  citizen. 

272.  post  reges  exactos :  after  the  expulsion  of  the  kings. 
trans  Anienem  :  hardly  more  than  three  or  four  miles  from 
the  city.  fabulam  de  ventre,  etc.  :  according  to  the  fable, 
the  limbs  of  the  body  once  rebelled  and  refused  longer  to 
furnish  food  for  the  stomach.  Menenius  pointed  out  that 
the  governing  class  at  Rome  was  really  just  as  essential  to 
the  welfare  of  the  state,  as  was  the  stomach  to  the  welfare 
of  the  body.  tribuni :  at  first  two  in  number,  later  five,  and 
ultimately  ten.  By  their  power  of  intercession  they  could 
protect  plebeians  from  the  unjust  treatment  of  which  the 
patrician  magistrates  were  often  guilty. 

273.  quintum  milliarium  urbis  :  fifth  milestone  from  the 
city.  Quo  facto  :  and  ivlien  this  had  been  done.  ut 
proditor  :    as  a  traitor. 

274.  duce  Fabio  :  under  the  leadership  of  Fabius.  hos- 
tes  :  obj.  of  vlcissent.  dolo  usi:  having  employed  strategy. 
exorto  :  from  exorior.         IJnus  :  one  only. 

275.  trecentesimo  et  altero  :  the  three  hundred  and  second. 
ab  urbe  condita  -.from  the  founding  of  the  city. 

276.  ludi  litterarii:  the  two  words  together  mean  school, 
lit.  a  school  for  letters  (reading  and  writing),  as  opposed,  for 
example,  to  a  gladiatorial  school,  where  gladiators  were  trained. 
principum  filios  :  as  hostages.  in  castra  hostium  :  i.e.  of 
the  Komans.  manibus  .  .  .  vinctis  :  v:ith  his  hands  tied 
behind  his  back.  quibus  .  .  .  agerent :  icith  which  to  drive. 
Camillo  crimini  .  .  .  datum  est ;  lit.  it  loas  set  against  Camil- 
lus  for  a  charge,  i.e.  Camillus  was  accused.  triumphasset : 
=  triumphdvisset.    damnatus :  understand  est  from  expulsus  est. 


132       Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading. 

277.  Paulo  post :  post  is  here  an  adverb.  Galli  Senones  : 
a  tribe  from  nortlierii  Italy.  ad  Alliam :  tlie  Allia  was  a 
small  river  flowing  into  the  Tiber  about  eleven  miles  from  Rome. 
occuparunt :  =  occupdverunt.  in  eo,  etc.  :  were  on  the  point 
of  purchasing,  lit.  were  in  this  (viz.),  that  they  should  purchase  ; 
ut .  .  .  emerent  explains  eo. 

278.  quarto  milliario :  at  the  fourth  milestoyie ;  abl.  of 
place,  without  the  prep;  §  228,  1,  h. 

279.  secum  :  =  cum  se  ;  the  preposition  cum  is  always  thus 
appended  to  the  personal  and  reflexive  pronouns.  obtulit : 
from  offero.  armatus  :  in  arms.  ei  supra  dextrum,  etc. : 
perched  above  his  right  arm,  lit.  above  the  right  arm  to  him. 
Ita  factum  est :  thus  it  happened.  nuUo  negotio  :  icith  no 
difficulty,  i.e.  loithout  difficulty. 

280.  dictatoris :  on  occasions  of  great  public  danger,  the 
Romans  often  appointed  a  dictator,  who  had  absolute  power. 
His  period  of  office  was  limited  to  six  months.  Qui  cum : 
lohen  he.  magister  equitum :  the  master  of  the  horse  was 
appointed  by  the  dictator  and  ranked  next  to  him.  nactus : 
from  nanciscor.  capitis  damnatus  est :  luas  condemned  to 
death,  lit.  of  his  head  (i.e.  of  his  life). 

281.  post :  adv.  faciendum  :  i.e.  faciendum  esse.  aut 
.  .  .  aut :  either  .  .  .  or.  dimittendos :  understand  esse. 
sub  jugum  :  in  token  of  submission ;  the  yoke  was  made  by 
setting  two  spears  in  the  ground  and  laying  a  third  across  the 
top. 

282.  poposcerunt :  from  posed.  agerentur  :  subjunctive 
by  attraction  to  renuntidrent. 

283.  per  noctem  :  by  night.  adversTs  vulneribus  :  W)ith 
wounds  in  front.  etiam  mortuos  :  even  in  death.  Ego 
cum  talibus  viris  .  .  .  subigam  :  this  is  equivalent  to  a  condi- 
tional sentence  of  the  second  type,  Jf  I  should  have  such  soldiers, 
I  should  subdue. 


Notes  on  the  Selections  for  Reading.       183 

284.  perrexit :  from per^o.  a.6.  Vx^.ene&te  .  to  the  vicinity 
of  Praeneste ;  to  say:  to  Praeneste,  the  accusative  alone  would 
have  sufficed,  mUliario,  etc.:  at  the  eighteenth  milestone; 
abl.  of  place,  without  the  prep.  exercitus  :  objective  gen. 
depending  upon  terrore ;  fear  of  the  army.  de  captlvis 
redimendis :  tvith  regard  to  ransoming  the  captives.  si 
transiret :  this  is  virtually  a  subordinate  clause  in  indirect 
discourse,  since  ])rdmitteret  is  practically  equivalent  to  said  he 
would  give  him. 

285.  admiratione  teneretur  :  in  English,  we  say  :  to  he 
filled  ivith  admiration.  ea  condicione  :  explained  by  the 
following  ?<i-clause.  nisi  recessisset :  unless  he  should 
withdraw. 

286.  interjects  anno  :  after  the  lapse  of  a  year.,  lit.  a  year 
having  been  put  between.  "  Ille  est  Fabricius  qui  ■'  :  Fabri- 
cius  is  one  who.  a  Tarento  :  from  the  vicinity  of  Tarentum ; 
to  say  :  from  Tarentum.,  the  ablative  alone  would  have  sufficed. 
ad  Argos  :  near  Argi  (Argos). 

287.  trajecenint :  here  intransitive,  — crossed  over. 

288.  Faucis  annis  inter jectTs :  after  the  lapse  of  a  few 
years.  in  fideni :  into  allegiance.  Quam  cum,  etc.  : 
when  Reguhis  loas  unwilling  to  grant  this.  nisi  durissimis 
condicionibus :  except  on  very  hard  terms.  captus :  for 
captus  est. 

289.  desiisse  :  from  desino.  ne  ,  .  .  facerent  :  not  tc 
make.  illos  .  .  .  habere :  indirect  discourse  dependent  on 
the  idea  of  saying  involved  in  sudsit.  tanti  non  esse  :  that 
it  was  not  ivorth  while,  lit.  of  so  great  account ;  tantl  is  a  pred- 
icate genitive  of  quality,  with  some  such  word  as  preti  {of 
value)  understood.  ut  .  .  .  redderentur :  this  substantive 
clause  of  result  is  the  logical  subject  of  esse. 

290.  captae,  demersae,  capta  :  understand  su7it  with 
these. 


GENERAL    LATIN-ENGLTSH    VOCABU- 
LARY. 


Note.  —  Of  the  sixteen  hundred  words  in  this  Vocabulary,  only 
about  750  are  employed  in  the  Lessons  of  the  body  of  the  book. 
The  remainder  occur  in  the  Reading  Selections,  the  Fables,  and 
the  Roman  History.  Regular  verbs  of  the  first  conjugation 
are  indicated  by  the  numeral  1  following  the  present  indicative. 


A.,    abbreviation    for    Aulus, 

A7tlUS. 

a,  ab,  prep.w.  abl.,  from  ;  by  ;  of. 
abeo,  ire,  ii,  itiirus,  go  away; 

of  time,  pass. 
abici5,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  throw 

away,  cast. 
absens  (pres.  participle  of  ab- 

sum),  entis,  absent. 
abstine5,    ere,    tinui,    abstain 

from. 
absum,  esse,  afui,  afuturus,  be 

absent,  be  distant  (§  125). 
ac  (atque),  and,  and  also;  ac 

is  not  used  before  vowels. 
Acca  Larentia,  ae,  f.,  Acca  La- 

rentia,  a  woman's  name, 
accedo,    ere,    cessi,     cessurus, 

draio  near. 
accendo,    ere,    cendT,    census, 

kindle. 
accido,  ere,  idi,  happen. 


adjaceo 

accingo,  ere,  inxi,  inctus,  gird. 
accipio,  ere,  epi,  eptus,  receive. 
accurro,  ere,   cucurri,   cursum, 

run  to,  run  iip ;  hasten. 
acciis5,  1,  accuse. 
acer,  acris,  acre,  sharp,  vigor- 
ous, keen,  severe. 
acerbus.  a,  um,  unripe,  sour. 
acies,  ei,  f.,  line  of  battle. 
acriter,  sharply,  fiercely. 
ad,  prep.  w.  ace,  to,  towards; 

for  (denoting  purpose) ;  near. 
add5,  ere,  idi,  itus,  add. 
addiico,  ere,  diixi,  ductus,  lead 

on.  impel. 
adeo,  ire.  ii.  itiirus,  approach. 

go  to,  visit. 
adimo,  ere,  emi,  emptus,  take 

away. 
aditus,  lis,  m..  approach. 
adjaceo,  ere.  ui,  itiirus,  lie  near^ 

be  situated  near. 


135 


adjungo 


136 


altus 


adjungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctus, 
join  to ;  annex. 

adjuvo,  are,  juvi,  jutus,  help. 

administrd,  I.,  perform. 

admiratio,  onis,  f.,  admiration. 

admiror,  ari,  atus  sum,  ad- 
mire. 

admodum,  quite^  very  much. 

admoneo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  remind, 
warn. 

adolesco,  ere,  levi,  grow  up. 

adorior,  iri,  ortus  sum,  attack. 

adsum,  adesse,  adfui,  he  pres- 
ent., he  at  hand  (§  125). 

adulescens,  centis,  m,,  young 
man. 

advenio,  ire,  veni,  ventum,  ar- 
rive. 

adventus,  us,  in.,  arrival. 

adversarius,  ii,  m.,  adversary. 

adversum,  adversus,  prep.  w. 
ace,  against. 

adversus,  a,  um,  adverse ;  in 
front  (of  wounds). 

advesperasco,  ere,  to  grow 
dark. 

aedificium,  i  (ii),  n,,  huilding. 

aedifico,  1,  hiiild. 

Aeneas,  ae,  m.,  Aeneas,  a  man's 
name  (§22). 

aequalis,  is,  c,  mate. 

aequalis,  e,  equal. 

aequitas,  talis,  1,  justice. 

aequus,  qua,  quum,  level. 

aer,  aeris,  m,,  air. 

aestas,  talis,  f.,  summer. 

aelas,  talis,  f.,  agp,  time  of 
life. 

affero,    ferre,    attuli,     allatus, 

_  hring  (§  129). 

Africa,  ae,  f.,  Africa. 


ager,  agri,  m. afield,  land. 
agger,   eris,   m.,    emhankment, 

rampart. 
agmen,  minis,  n.,  army  (on  the 

march),  column. 
agnus,  i,  m.,  lamh. 
ago,  ere,  egi,  actus,  do ;  drive; 

spend. 
agricola,  ae,  va.,  farmer. 
agricullura,  ae,  f.,  agriculture. 
Agrippa,    ae,    m.,   Agrippa,   a 

man's  name. 
ajo,  defective  (§  135),  srt?/;pres. 

and  perf.  3d  sing.  ait. 
ala,  ae,  f.,  wing. 
alacer,  cris,  ere,  eager. 
Alba  Longa,  Albae  Longae,  f., 

Alha  Longa,  name  of  a  town. 
Albanus,  a,  um,  Alhan. 
albus,  a,  um,  ichite. 
alienus,  a,  um,  unfavorahle. 
aliquando,  once  upon  a  time; 

formerly. 
aliqui,    aliqua,    aliquod,    adj., 

some  (§  91). 
aliquis,  aliquid,  some  one,  some- 
thing (§91). 
aliquot,  indecL,  several,  some. 
alius,    a,   ud,    other,    another, 

else  (§  6(3). 
Allia,  ae,  f.,  Allia,  a  river, 
alligo,  1,  hind,  fasten. 
Allobroges,  um,  the  Allohroges, 

a  Gallic  tribe, 
alloquor,    loqui,    locutus    sum, 

address,  speak  to. 
alo,  ere,  alui,  alius,  noui'ish. 
alter,  era,  erum,  the  other;  sec- 
ond (§  ()6). 
alliliido,  inis,  f.,  height;  depth. 
altus,   a,  um,  higli;   deep;   as 


amice 


137 


armilla 


noun,  altum,  i,  n.,  the  deep 
(sea). 

amice,  adv.,  in  a  friendly  man- 
ner. 

amicitia,  ae,  i.,  friendship. 

amicus,  a,  urn,  friendly. 

amicus,  i,  m.,  friend. 

amitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  lose. 

amnis,  is,  m.,  river. 

amo,  1,  love. 

amplio,  1,  enlarge. 

amplius,  adv.,  more. 

amplus,  a,  um,  ample.,  glori- 
ous. 

Amulius,  i  (ii),  in.,  Amiili^is,  a 
man's  name. 

an,  interrog.  particle,  or, 
whether. 

Anchises,  ae,  m.,  Anchises,  a 
man's  name  (§  22). 

ancora,  ae,  f.,  anchor. 

Ancus  Marcius,  gen.  Anci  Marci 
(ii),  m.,  Ancus  Marcius., 
fourth  king  of  Kome.        * 

angustiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  a  nar- 
roKJ  j^dss. 

angustus,  a,  um,  narrow. 

animadverto,  ere,  verti,  versus, 
notice. 

animal,  malis,  n.,  animal. 

animus,  i,  m.,  mind,  soul; 
ronragr,  heart. 

Anio,  Anienis,  m.,  Anio,  name 
of  a  river. 

annecto,  ere,  nexui,  nexus,  tie 
to. 

annus,  i,  m.,  year. 

annuus,  a,  um,  for  one  year. 

ante,  prep.  w.  ace,  before,  in 
front  of;  adv.,  before,  ago. 

antea,  previously,  before. 


antecedo,  ere.  cessi,  cessurus, 

precede. 
antequam,  conj.,  before. 
antiquus,  a.  um,  ancient. 
anulus,  i,  m.,  ring. 
anus,  lis,  f.,  old  woman. 
apertus,  a,  um,  open. 
apparatus,  us,  m.,  luxury. 
appareo,  ere,  ui,  ajjpear. 
appello,  1,  name,  call. 
appeto.  ere,  ivi,  or  ii,  itus,  seek, 

try  to  get. 
Appius,   i  (ii),  m.,  Appius,  a 

uuin's  name. 
appropinquo,  1,  approach. 
Aprilis,  e,  adj.,  of  April. 
apud,  prep.  w.  ace,  among,  at, 

icith,  at  the  home  of. 
aqua,  ae,  f. ,  water. 
aquila,  ae,  f.,  eagle. 
Aquitania,  ae,  f.,  Aquitania,  a 

district  of  Gaul. 
ara,  ae,  f.,  altar. 
arbitror,  trari.  tratus  sum,  con- 
sider. 
arbor,  oris,  f.,  tree. 
arceo,   ere,  ui,  keep   off;   keep 

av:ay. 
arcesso,  ere,  ivi,  itus,  summon. 
Ardea,   ae,  f. ,  Ardea,  a  La,tin 

town. 
ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsiirus.  burn. 
area,  ae,  f. .  courtyard. 
argentum,  i,  n.,  silver. 
Argi,  orum,  m.,   Argos,  name 

of  a  town. 
Ariovistus,  i,    m.,    Ariovistus. 
arma,  orum,  n.  pi.,  arms. 
armatiira,  ae,  f.,  equipment. 
armatus,  a,  um,  armed. 
armilla,  ae,  f.,  bracelet. 


armo 


138 


bos 


armo,  1,  arm. 

arripio,  ere,  ui,  eptus,  seize. 

arrogd,  1,  lay  claim  to. 

Arruns,  runtis,  m.,  Arrims, 
a  man's  name. 

arx,  arcis,  f.,  citadel. 

Ascanius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Ascanius^ 
son  of  Aeneas. 

Asia,  ae,  f.,  Asia. 

Asina,  ae,  m.,  Asina,  a  man's 
name. 

asinus,  i,  m.,  ass. 

assentator,  oris,  m.,  flatterer. 

asylum,  i,  n.,  j^lace  of  refuge. 

at,  but. 

Athenae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  Athens. 

Athenodorus,  i,  m.,  Athenodo- 
rus,  a  man's  name. 

Atilius,  i  (ii),  Atilius,  a  man's 
name. 

atque,  and.,  and  also  ;  see  ac. 

Atticus,  i,  m.,  Atticus,  a  friend 
of  Cicero. 

attuli,  perf.  of  affer5. 

auctoritas,  "talis,  f.,  authority., 
influence. 

audacter,  courageously.,  brave- 
ly- 

audax,  gen.  audacis,  coura- 
geous. 

audeo,  ere,  ausus  sum,  semi- 
dep.,  dare. 

audio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  hear. 

aufugio,  ere,  fiigi,  fugitiirus, 
flee. 

augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auctus,  in- 
crease (tr.). 

Aulus,  i,  m.,  Aulus,  a  man's 
name. 

aureus,  a,  um,  golden. 

auriga,  ae,  m.,  charioteer. 


aurum,  i,  n.,  gold. 

aut,  or;   aut  .  .  .  aut,   either 

.  .  .  or. 
autem,  hqwever  ;  but. 
autumnus,  i.,  ni.,  autumn. 
auxilium,  i  (ii),  n.,  aid,  help; 

in  pi.  auxilia,  orum,  n.,  aux- 
.  iliary  troops,  auxiliaries. 
Avaricum,  i,  n.,  Avaricu^n. 
Aventinus,  i,  Aventine,  a  hill 

of  Kome. 
averto,   ere,   ti,   versus,   avert, 

turn  aside. 
avicula,  ae,  f.,  small  bird. 
avus,  i,  m.,  grandfather. 

Bacenis,  is,  f.,  Bacenis,  a  forest 

in  Germany, 
barba,  ae,  f. ,  beard. 
barbarus,  i,  m.,  a  barbarian; 

adj.,  us,  a,  um,  barbarian. 
beatus,  a,  um,  happy. 
Belgae,  arum,  m.  pi.,  Belgians, 

a  Gallic  tribe, 
bellicosus,  a,  um,  warlike. 
bello,   1,   make  war,  carry  on 

icar. 
bellum,  i,  n.,  loar. 
bene,  adv.,  well  (§  77). 
beneficium,  i  (ii),  n,,  a  kindness. 
benigne,  kindly,  graciously. 
bestia,  ae,  f.,  beast. 
Bibulus,     i,     m.,     Bibuhis,    a 

man's  name, 
biduum,  i,  n,,  two  days. 
Boji,  orum,  m.  pi.,  the  Boji,  an 

ancient  tribe. 
bonus,  a,  um,  good;  in  pi.  bona, 

orum,  n. ,  property  (§  236, 1). 
bos,   bovis,    m.,    ox;   gen.   pi. 

boum  (§  41). 


bracchium 


139 


Cineas 


bracchium,  i  (ii),  n.,  arm. 
brevis,  e,  sho7't,   brief;   brevi, 

icithin  a  short  time. 
Britannia,  ae,  f.,  Britain. 
Briitus,  I,  ui.,  Brutns,  a  man's 

name. 

C,  abbreviation  for  Gaius, 
Gains. 

cado,  ere,  cecidi,  casurus,/i^//?. 

caedes,  is,  f.,  sJdnjjhter. 

caedo,  ere,  cecidi,  caesus,  cut., 
sla>/,  kill. 

caelum,  i,  n.,  heaven. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.,  Caesar. 

calamitas,  tatis,  f.,  calamity. 

Camillus,  i,  m.,  Camillus,  a 
man's  name. 

Campania,  ae,  f.,  Campania. 

canis,  is,  c,  dog. 

capess5,  ere,  ivi,  itus,  take; 
fugam  capessere,  J?ee. 

capio,  capere,  cepi,  captus, 
take;  adopt;  capture. 

Capitolium,  i  (ii),  n.,  the  Cap- 
itol. 

capra,  ae,  f. ,  she-goat. 

captiva,  ae,  f.,  captive. 

captivus,  i,  m,,  captive.,  pris- 
oner. 

caput,  itis,  n.,  head. 

career,  eris,  m.,  p>rison. 

carpentum,  i,  n.,  chariot. 

carp5,  ere,  psi,  ptus,  pluck; 
enjoy. 

Carthaginiensis,  e,  Carthagin- 
ian ;  Carthaginienses,  ium, 
m.,  Carthaginians. 

carus,  a,  um,  dear. 

cassita,  ae,  f.,  lark. 

castellum,  i,  n.,  fort. 


castra,  orum,  n.  pi.,  a  camp. 
casus,  us,  m.,  chance.,  fortune; 

misfortune. 
catena,  ae,  f.,  chain. 
Catilina,  ae,  m.,  Catiline. 
Cat5,  onis,  m.,    Cato,  a  man's 

name. 
Catulus,  1,  m.,  Catulus,  a  man's 

name, 
causa,    ae,    f.,   cause,    reason, 

condition;    causa,    abl.,   for 

the  sake  of;  the   dependent 

genitive  precedes  causa, 
caute,  cautiously,   comp.    cau- 

tius. 
caveo,  ere,  cavi,  cautiirus,   be 

on  one''s  guard. 
cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessurus,  yield, 

icithdraw. 
celer,  eris,  e,  sidft. 
celeritas,  tatis,  f.,  speed. 
celeriter,  quickly. 
celo,  1.  conceal. 
census,  iis,  m.,  census. 
centum,  hundred,  indecl. 
centurio.  onis,  m.,  centurion. 
cerno,  ere,  perceive. 
certamen,  inis,  n.,  contest. 
certe,  certainly  ;  at  any  rate. 
certus,    a.    um,    sure  ;    comp. 

certior  in  phrase  certior  fieri. 

be  informed;   certiorem  fa- 
cere,  inform. 
cessator,  oris,  m.,  loiterer. 
ceteri,    ae,    a,    the    rest;    the 

others. 
cibus.  i.  m..  food. 
Cicero,    onis,    m.,    Cicero,   the 

Roman  orator. 
Cineas,  ae.  m.,  Cineas.  a  man's 

name  (§  22). 


circiter 


140 


communis 


circiter,  adv.,  about. 

circumaro,  1,  ploiKjh  around. 

circumdo,    dare,    dedi,    datus, 
surround,  place  around. 

circumeo,     ire,     ii,     itus,     go 
around,    surround  (§  132). 

circumvenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus, 
sin'round. 

citerior,  ius,  comp.  adj.,  nearer  ; 
hither  (§  73,  1). 

citra,  prep.  w.  ace,  this  side  of. 

civis,    is,    c,    citizen.,  fellow- 
citizen. 

civitas,  talis,  f.,  state. 

clam,  secretly. 

clamor,  oris,  m.,  shout,  shout- 
ing. 

clarus,  a,  um,  clear,  loud;  dis- 
tinguished. 

classis,  classis,  f.,  fleet. 

Claudius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Claudius, 
a  man's  name. 

claudo,    ere,    clausi,    clausus, 
shut,   close. 

claustruni,  i,  n.,  fastening. 

Clemens,  gen.  entis,  merciful. 

clipeus,  i,  m.,  shield. 

cloaca,  ae,  f.,  sewer. 

Cn.,    abbreviation   of   Gnaeus, 
Gnaeus,  a  man's  name. 

Codes,  itis,  m..  Codes,  a  man's 
name. 

coepi,    coepisse,    began,    have 
hegun  (§  133). 

coerceo,   ere,  ui,   itus,  hold  in 
check,  confine. 

cogito,  1,  think. 

cognomen,  inis,  n.,  name,  sur- 
name. 

cognoscd,     ere,     novi,     nitus, 
learn. 


c5go,  ere,  coegi,  coactus,  force, 
compel;  collect. 

cohibeo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  check, 
restrain. 

cohors,  cohortis,  f.,  cohort  (di- 
vision of  a  legion). 

Collatinus,  i,  m.,  Collatinus,  a 
man's  name. 

collatus,  perf.  pass.  ptc.  of 
confero. 

collega,  ae,  m.,  colleague. 

collis,  is,  m.,  hill. 

colloco,  1,  p)lace,  arrange,  sta- 
tion. 

colloquium,  i  (ii),  n.,  confer- 
ence. 

colloquor,  i,  lociitus  sum,  con- 
fer. 

collum,  i,  n.,  neck. 

colonia,  ae,  f. ,  colony. 

combiird,  ere,  ussi,  ustus,  to 
burn  up,  consume. 

Comitium,  i  (ii),n.,  Comitium, 
a  place  of  public  assembly  at 
Eome. 

commeatus,  iis,  m.,  supplies. 

commemoro,  1,  recotint. 

comminud,  ere,  ui,  utus,  dash 
to  pieces. 

committ5,  ere,  misi,  missus, 
bring  together;  with  proe- 
lium  or  pugnam,  to  join 
battle. 

commoror,  ari,  atus  sum,  delay, 
sojourn. 

commoveo,  ere,  m5vi,  motus, 
move,  touch,  stir  up,  excite; 
induce. 

commiini5,  ire,  ii,  itus,  strongly 
fortify. 

communis,  e,  common. 


commutatio 


141 


contineo 


commutatio,  onis,  f.,  change. 

comparo,  1,  get  ready. 

compello,  ere,  puli,  pulsus, 
force. 

comperi5,  ire,  peri,  -g^riMs,  find 
out. 

complector,  i,  plexus  sum,  em- 
brace. 

compleo,  ere,  plevi,  pletus,  fill 
up. 

complures,  plura,  gen.  ium, 
very  many. 

comprehendo,  ere,  endi,  ensus, 
arrest. 

concedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessurus, 
grant. 

concilio,  1,  reconcile.,  win  over. 

concilium,  i  (ii),  n.,  council. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.,  harmony. 

concurro,  ere,  i,  cursum,  run 
together. 

concursus,  iis,  m.,  a  running 
together^  concourse. 

condicio,  onis,  f.,  condition., 
terms. 

condo,  ere,  didi,  ditus,  found, 
build;  hide.,  conceal. 

condiico,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  hire. 

confero,  ferre,  tuli,  collatus, 
bring  together;  se  conferre, 
hotake  one's  self  {^  120). 

conficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  ex- 
haust. 

confido,  ere,  fisus  sum,  trust., 
semi-dep.  (§  187,  II,  a). 

confirmo,  1,  encourage ;  estab- 
lish., confirm. 

confugio,  ere,  fiigi,  fugiturus, 
fiee  for  refuge. 

conicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  hurl; 
cast ;  put. 


conjungo,  ere,  jiinxi,  junctus, 

finite. 
conjunx,    jugis,    c,    husband; 

wife. 
conjuratio,  onis,  f.,  conspiracy. 
conjuro.  1,  conspire. 
Conon,  onis,  m.,  Conon. 
Conor,  ari,  atus  sum,  endeavor^ 

attempt. 
consector,  ari.  atus  sum,  folloiv 

up. 
consenesco,  ere,  senui,  grow  old. 
consequor,  i,  secutus  sum,  ac- 
quire. 
consero,  ere,  ui,  tus,  join. 
conserve.  1,  preserve,  keep. 
consido,  ere,  edi,  essus,  settle. 
consilium,    i    (ii),    n.,    plan; 

council;   advice. 
consisto,  ere,  stiti,  consist. 
conspectus,  iis,  m.,  vieiv,  sight. 
conspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectus, 

see. 
conspicor,  ari,  atus  sum,  catch 

sight  of,  observe. 
c5nstantia,  ae,  i.^perseveraiUce. 
constat,   impers.,  it  is  evident 

(§  138). 
constituo,  ere,  ui,  utus,  decide, 

determine. 
consul,  ulis,  m.,  consid. 
consulatus,  us,  m.,  consulship. 
consiimo,   ere,    siimpsi,    sump- 

tus,  use  up,  consume. 
contemno.  ere.  tempsi,   temp- 

tus,  despise. 
contendo,   ere,  tendi,    tentum, 

hurry,  hasten;  contend. 
contentus,  a,  um,  contented. 
contineo,  ere,  ui,  confine,  hold 

in  check. 


contra 


142 


debeo 


contra,  prep.  w.  ace,  against^ 

opposite. 
contrarius,  a,  um,  contrary  to, 

opposite. 
controversia,  ae,  f.,  controversij . 
contumelia,  ae,  f.,  insult. 
convalesco,  ere,  valui,  recover, 

regain  strength. 
convenio,    ire,    veni,   ventum, 

come  together,  assemble. 
convoco,  1,  call  together. 
copia,   ae,    f.,    plentij ;    in  pi. 

copiae,  arum,  troops,  forces. 
Corinthus,  i,  f.,  Corinth,  a  city 

of  Greece. 
Coriolanus,  i,  m.,  Coriolanus,  a 

man's  name. 
Corioli,   drum,   m,,    Corioli,   a 

Latin  town. 
Cornelius,  i  (ii),   Cornelius,  a 

man's  name. 
cornu,  us,  n.,  horn  ;  in  military 

sense,  wing  of  an  army. 
corona,  ae,  f.,  garland. 
corpus,  oris,  n.,  hody. 
corrumpo,    ere,    rupi,    ruptus, 

ruin;  bribe. 
Corvinus,   i,   m.,    Corvinus,  a 

man's  name. 
corvus,  i,  m.,  raven. 
cottidie,  every  day,  daily. 
eras,  to-morrow. 
Crassus,  i,  m.,  Crassus,  a  man's 

name. 
creber,    bra,    brum,    frequent, 

numerous. 
credo,  ere,  didi,  ditum,  believe 

(§  187,  II,  a). 
Cremera,    ae,    f.,    Cremera,    a 

river  in  Etrm'ia. 
creo,  1,  make,  beget  ^  elect. 


crimen,  inis,  n.,  charge,  accu- 
sation. 
criidelis,  e,  cruel. 
culp5,  1,  blame. 

1.  cum,  prep.  w.  abl.,  loith. 

2.  cum,  couj.,  ivhen ;  ivhere- 
upon ;  becaitse, since ;  though; 
cum  .  .  .  turn,  not  only  .  .  . 
but  also  (§  341,  3). 

cunctatio,  onis,  f.,  delay. 

cupiditas,  tatis,  f .,  desire,  eager- 
ness. 

cupidus,  a,  um,  fond,  eager. 

cur,  idiy  ? 

Cures,  ium,  f.,  Cures,  a  Sabine 
town. 

ciiria,  ae,  f. ,  iixird. 

Curiatius,  i  (ii);  m.,  pi.,  Curi- 
atii,  orum,  ni.,  Curiatii,  an 
Alban  family, 

Curius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Curius,  con- 
sul 200  B.C. 

cur5,  1,  care  for,  take  care  of. 

Cursor,  oris,  m.,Cu7'sor,  a  man's 
name. 

cursus,  lis,  m. ,  course,  speed. 

ciistodia,  ae,  f.,  guard,  a  guard, 
custody. 

damno,  1,  condemn;  capitis 
damnare,  condemn  to  death. 

Damocles,  is,  m.,  Damocles,  a 
Syracu.san. 

Danuvius,  I  (i\),\w.,  the  Danube. 

Darius,  ii,  Darius,  king  of 
Persia. 

de,  prep.  w.  abl.,  concerning ; 
of,  from,  down  from. 

debeo,  debere,  debui,  debitus, 
ou^e ;  with  another  verb, 
ought;  pass.,  to  be  due. 


debilito 


U3 


difficulter 


debilito,  1,  n'ooken. 

decedo,    ere,    cessi,    cessurus, 

vjithdraw  ;  die. 
decern,  indecL,  ten. 
decemviri,  orum,  in.,  decemvirs, 

a  board  of  ten  uien. 
decerno,  cernere,  crevi,  cretus, 

decree;  decide  (by  combat), 
fight. 
decimus,  a,  um,  tenth. 
declare,  1,  make  clear.,  show. 
decurro,   ere,    curri,    cursiirus, 

run  dou:u  ;  rush,  hasten. 
deditio,  onis,  f.,  surrender. 
dedo,    ere,  didi,    deditus,    give 

up,  surrender. 
deduce,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  lead 

away. 
defectio,  onis,  f.,  revolt. 
defendo,  ere,  fendi,  fensus,  de- 
fend. 
defensiS,  onis,  f.,  defence. 
deflecto,  ere,  flexi,  flexum,  turri 

aside. 
deinde,  then,  aftervmrds. 
delabor,    i,    lapsus    sum,    sink 

down. 
delatus,  perf.  pass,   participle 

of  defer 6. 
delecto,  1,  delight. 
deleo,  ere,  evi,  etus,  destroij. 
delibero,     1,    deliberate,    con- 
sult. 
deligo,  ere,  legi,  lectus,  choose. 
delphinus,  i,  m.,  dolphin. 
Demaratus.  i,  m.,  Demaratus, 

a  man's  name, 
demergo,  ere,   mersi,   mersus, 

sink. 
demeto,  ere,  messui,   messus, 

reap. 


demitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  let 
fall. 

denarius,  i  (ii),  m.,  denarius,  a 
Roman  coin  worth  about 
eighteen  cents. 

denique,  finally. 

dens,  dentis,  m,,  tooth. 

denuo,  again. 

depopulor,  ari,  atus  sum,  lay 
waste. 

deprehend5,  dere,  di,  hensus, 
catch. 

derideo,  ere,  risi,  risus,  laugh 
to  scorn. 

desero,  ere,  serui,  sertus,  aban- 
don, desert. 

desino,  ere,  sii,  situm,  cease. 

desisto,  ere.  stiti,  cease. 

despero,  1,  desj^air,  despair  rf. 

despici5,  ere,  spexi,  spectus, 
despise. 

desum,  deesse,  defui,  defutiirus, 
be  wanting,  fail  (§  125). 

detraho.  ere,  traxi,  tractus, 
snatch  away. 

detrimentum,  i,  n.,  loss,  dam- 
age, harm. 

deus,  i,  m.,  god. 

devinco,  ere,  vici,  victus,  con- 
quer. 

dexter,  tra,  trum.  right;  as 
subst.  (sc.  manus),  light  hand. 

dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus,  say; 
utter;  appoint;  call. 

dictator,  oris,  m.,  dictator. 

dies,  ei,  m,  or  f.,  day. 

differo,  ferre,  distuli,  dilatus, 
differ  (§  120). 

difficilis,  e,  difficult. 
difSculter,  adv.,  from  adj.  diffi.= 
cilis,  loith  difficulty. 


digitus 


lU 


egredior 


digitus,  i,  m.,  finger. 

dignitas,  tatis,  f.,  dignity. 

dignus,  a,  um,  vmrthy. 

diligentia,  ae,  f.,  diligence. 

dimico,  1,  contend. 

dimitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  let 
go,  dismiss,  disband. 

Dionysius,  i  (ii) ,  m.,  Dionysius, 
a  tyrant  of  Syracuse. 

dlripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptus,pZ?t;i- 
der. 

diruo,  ere,  rui,  rutus,  tear  doton, 
destroy. 

discedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessiirus, 
depart,  withdraw. 

disciplina,  ae,  f.,  discipline. 

discordia,  ae,  f.,  strife,  dis- 
cord. 

disco rdo,  1,  be  at  variance, 
qnarrel. 

discribo,  ere,  scrips!,  scriptus, 
mark  out ;  divide  into  classes. 

disp5no,  ere,  posui,  positus, 
distribute. 

dissensio,  onis,  f.,  disagree- 
ment. 

dissidium,  i  (ii),n.,  dissension. 

distribuo,  ere,  ui,  utus,  distrib- 
ute. 

diu,  adv.,  a  long  time. 

diuturnitas,  tatis,  f.,  long  dura- 
tion. 

divido,  ere,  isi,  isus,  divide. 

divinus,  a.n  um,  sacred. 

divitiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  riches. 

do,  dare,  dedi,  datus,  give,  ren- 
der ;  jmt,  set. 

doceo,  ere,  ui,  doctus,  teach ; 
inform  of. 

dolor,  oris,  m.,  grief. 

dolus,  i,  m.,  deceit,  cunning. 


dominatio,  onis,  f.,  rule,  tyr- 
anny. 

dominus,  i,  m.,  master. 

Domitius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Domitius, 
a  man's  name. 

domo,  are,  ui,  itus,  subdue. 

domus,  lis,  f.,  house,  home 
(§  49,  4). 

donee,  imtil. 

dono,  \,  present. 

donum,  i,  n.,  gift. 

dubito,  1,  doubt,  be  in  doubt; 
hesitate,  waver. 

ducenti,  ae,  a,  two  hundred. 

diico,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  lead. 

Duilius,  i  (ii),  ni.,  Duilius,  a 
man's  name. 

dum,  io/izVe  ;  as  long  as ;  until. 

Dumnorix,  rigis,  m. ,  Dumnorix, 
acliir]:  of  the  Haedui. 

duo,  duae,  duo,  two  (§  80,  1). 

duodecim,  indecl.,  twelve. 

diirus,  a,  um,  hard,  severe. 

dux,  ducis,  ni.,  leader. 

e,  ex,  prep.  w.  abl.,  out  of,  of, 
from ;  e  is  not  used  before 
vowels  or  h. 

ediico,  ere,  diixi,  ductus,  lead 
forth. 

efficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  make, 
render ;  do,  bring  about. 

effodio,  ere,  f odi,  fossus,  dig  up. 

effugio,  ere,  fiigi,  fugitiirus,  es- 
cape. 

effundo,ere,  f  iidi,  f  usus,powr  o  wi. 

Egeria,  ae,  f.,  Egeria,  name  of 
a  nymph. 

ego,  mei,  I. 

egredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum, 
march  out. 


egregius 


145 


exstinguo 


egregius,  a,  um,  excellent,  es- 
pecial. 

eicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  thrust 
out;  se  eiceie,  rush  fo7'th. 

ejus  modi,  of  that  kind  (§  203, 

!)• 
elabor,  labi,  lapsus  sum,  glide 

avay^  escape;  elapse. 
elatus,  perf.  partic.  of  effero. 
elephantus,  i,  m.,  elephant. 
em5,  ere,  emi,  emptus,  huy. 
enim,  for  ;  cannot  begin  a  sen- 
tence. 
eo,  adv.,  thither,  to  that  place, 
eb,    ire,     ivi     (ii),    itum,    go 

(§  132). 
eodem,  to  the  same  place. 
Epaminondas,  ae,  m.,  Epami- 

nondas,  a  Tiiebau  (§  22). 
Epirus,  i,  f.,  Epirus. 
epulae,  arum,  f .  pi.,  feast. 
eques,  itis,  m.,  horseman;  in 

pi.,  horsemen,  cavalry. 
equester,  tris,  tre,  equestrian. 
equinus,    a,    um,     of    horses; 

seta  equina,  horse-hair. 
equitatus,  us,  m.,  cavalry. 
equus,  i,  m.,  horse. 
erga,  prep.  w.  ace,  toward. 
ergo,  therefore. 
eripio,   ere,    ui,    eptus,  snatch 

away,  take  aivay. 
erro,  1,  err.  be  mistaken. 
eruptio,  onis,  f.,  sally. 
et,  and;  et  .  .  .  et,  both  .  .  . 

and;  as  adv.,  also,  even. 
etiam,  also  ;  even. 
Etriiria,  ae,  f.,  Etruria. 
Etriiscus,  a,  um,  Etruscan;  as 

subs.,  an  Etruscan. 
etsi,  although. 


evell5,  ere,  velli,  vulsus,  pull 

out. 
everto,  ere,   ti,   sus,   overturn, 

destroy. 
ex,  prep.  w.  abl.,  see  e. 
excedo,    ere,    cessi,    cessiirus, 

leave,  depart  from. 
excito,  1,  stir  up,  arouse. 
exeo,  ire,  ii,  itum,  go  forth,  go 

out  (§  132). 
exerceo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  exercise; 

practice. 
exercitus,  iis,  m.,  army. 
exhaurio,   ire,   hausi,   haustus, 

drain  ;  impoverish. 
exigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  drive  out, 

banish. 
exiguus,  a,  um,  small,  short. 
eximius,  a,  um,  extraordinary. 
existimo,  1,  think,  consider. 
exitium,    i    (ii),    n.,    destruc- 
tion. 
exitus,  lis,  m.,  exit,  passage. 
exorior,  oriri,  ortus  sum,  arise. 
expedio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  extricate. 
expeditus,    a,    um,    unencum- 
bered, ligltt-armed ;  easy. 
expello,  ere,  puli,  pulsus,  drive 

out,  banish. 
experior,  iri,  pertus  sum,   try, 

test. 
expl5rator,  oris,  m.,  scout. 
exploro,  1,  explore,  examine. 
expugno,  1,  take  by  storm. 
exquisitus,  a,  um,  elaborate. 
exsilium,  i  (ii),  n.,  exile. 
exsisto,  ere,  stiti,  arise. 
exspecto,  1,  expect,  av-ait. 
exstinguo,  ere,  stinxi,  stinctus, 

destroy ;  in  pass.,  be  put  to 

death,  die. 


extra 


146 


focus 


extra,  prep.  w.  ace,  outside, 
beyond. 

extraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractus,  ex- 
tract^ draw  forth. 

extremus,  a,  um,  extreme,  outer- 
most; end  of  (§  73,  2). 

Fabius,  i   (ii),   m.,    Fabius,  a 

man's  name ;    Fabii,   orum, 

m.  pi.,  Fahii,  a  Roman  gens. 
Fabricius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Fabricius. 
fabula,  ae,  f.,  fable. 
facile,  easily. 
facilis,  e,  easy. 

facinus,  inoris,  n.,  crime,  deed. 
facio,   ere,   feci,  factus,  make, 

do,  pass,  irreg.  (§  131). 
factio,  onis,  f .,  faction. 
facultas,  tatis,  f.,  supply ;  pi., 

means,  resources. 
Falerii,    orum,   m.,   Falerii,    a 

city. 
Falisci,   orum,   m.,    Faliscans, 

inhabitants  of  Falerii. 
falx,  falcis,  f.,  sicJde. 
fama,  ae,  f..  reputation,  report. 
fames,  is,  1,  hunger  ;  abl.sing. 

irreg.  fame, 
familiaritas,  tatis,  f.,  intimacy. 
familia,     ae,     f.,     household, 

family. 
famula,  ae,  1,  servant;  slave. 
fascis,  is,  ni.,  bundle. 
fatum,  i,  n.,  fate. 
fauces,  ium,  f.  pi.,  throat,  jaws. 
Faustulus,  i,  m.,  Faustulus,  a 

man's  name. 
faveo,     ere,     favi,     fauturus, 

favor. 
favor,   oris,    m.,   favor,    good 

will. 


feles,  is,  f.,  cat. 

feliciter,  successfully. 

felix,  gen.  felicis,  fortunate, 
hapx>y. 

femina,  ae,  f.,  ivoman. 

fera,  ae,  f.,  unld  beast. 

f erax,  gen.  feracis,  fertile. 

fere,  almost,  about,  practically, 
generally. 

fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latus,  bear, 
carry,  bring;  lift,  raise; 
lend  (of  help);   say  (§  129). 

ferrum,  i,  n.,  iroyi;  sivord. 

ferveo,  ere,  bui,  groiv  hot. 

festum,  i,  n.,  festival. 

fides,  ei,  f.,  fidelity,  loyalty, 
protection  ;  confidence,  al- 
legiance. 

fido,  ere,  fisus  sum,  semi-dep., 
triist  (§  187,  II,  a). 

fidiicia,  ae,  f.,  confidence. 

filia,  ae,  f.,  daughter  (^  21, 2, e). 

filius,  i  (ii),  m.,  son. 

finio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  finish,  ter- 
minate. 

finis,  is,  m.,  end,  boundary; 
in  pi.,  territory. 

finitimus,  a,  um,  neighboring. 

fio,  fieri,  factus  sum,  become, 
be  made  ;  occur,  happen; 
pass,  of  facio  (§  131). 

firmiter  (firmius,  firmissime), 
firmly. 

firmus,  a,  um,  firm,  strong. 

flagito,  1,  demand. 

flamma,  ae,  i.,  flame,  fire. 

flecto.  ere,  xi.  xus,  bend,  induce. 

fletus,  us,  ni.,  icecping. 

flumen,  inis,  n.,  river. 

fluvius,  i  (ii),  ni.,  river. 

focus,  i,  m.,  hearth. 


foedus 


14T 


Hannibal 


foedus,  eris,  n.,  treatii. 

fore,  fut.  infill,  of  sum  (p.  57, 

footnote  3). 
forte,  hy  chance. 
fortis,  e,  brave. 
fortiter,  bravely. 
fortiina,    ae,   f.,  fortime  ;    pi. 

fortiinae,   arum,   f.,  fortune 

(possessions). 
fortiinatus,  a,  um,  lucky. 
forum,  i,   n.,  forum;   market- 
place. 
fossa,  ae,  f.,  ditch,  trench. 
frango.     ere,     fregi,     fractus, 

break. 
f rater,  tris,  m.,  brother. 
frumentum,  i,  n.,  grain. 
fruor,  i,  enjoy  (§  218,  1). 
frustra,  adv.,  in  vain. 
fuga.  ae,  i..,  flight. 
fugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugiturus,  flee, 

escape  from. 
fugo,  1,  put  to  flight. 
fulmen,  inis,  n.,  thunderbolt. 
funditor,  oris,  m.,  slinger. 
fundo,  ere,   fudi,  fusus,  poiir, 

pour  out ;  of  troops,  to  rout. 
furcula,  ae,  f .,  fork ;  Furculae 

Caudinae,  Caudine  Forks. 
Fiirius.    i   (ii),   m.,   Ftwius,  a 

man's  name, 
furtum,  1,  n.,  theft. 
futurus.  a.  um,  future  participle 

of  sum. 

Gaius,  i,  m.,  Gaius,  a  man's 
name.     (Abbreviated  C.) 

Galba.  ae,  m.,  Galba,  a  man's 
name. 

Gallia,  ae,  f.,  Gaul. 

gallina,  ae,  f.,  hen. 


Gallus,  i,  m.,  a  Gaul. 

gemini,  orum,  m.  pi.,  tvnns. 

gener,  eri,  m.,  son-in-law. 

Geneva,  ae,  f.,  Geneva.,  a  town 
of  the  Allobroges. 

gens,  gentis,  f.,  tribe  ;  gens 
(division  of  the  Roman  peo- 
ple). 

genus,  eris,  n.,  race.,  stock, 
family  ;  kind. 

Germani,  orum,  m.  pi.,  Ger- 
mans. 

gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestus,  carry, 
vjear,  icage,  perform;  of  an 
office,  hold. 

gigno,  ere,  genui,  genitus,  be- 
get, bring  forth ;  pass.,  be 
born. 

gladius,  i  (ii),  m.,  sword. 

Gnaeus,  i,  m.,  Gnaeus,  a  man's 
name.     (Abbreviated  Cn.) 

gradus,  iis,  m.,  step. 

Graecia,  ae,  1,  Greece. 

Graecus,  i,  m.,  a  Greek. 

gratia,  ae,  f.,  influence. 

gratus,  a,  um,  pleasing,  vjel- 
come,  grateful. 

gravis,  e,  heavy,  difficult;  se- 
vere, serious. 

griis,  gruis,  f.,  crane. 

habeo,    ere,     habui,     habitus, 

have,  possess,  hold. 
habito,  1,  dwell. 
Haedui,  orum,  m.,  Haedui,   a 

Gallic  tribe, 
haedus,  i,  m.,  kid. 
Hamilcar.  caris,  m.,  Hamilcar, 

a  man's  name. 
Hannibal,  balls,  m.,  Hannibal, 

a  man's  name. 


hasta 


148 


incendo 


hasta,  ae,  f.,  spea7\ 

haud,  not. 

Helvetii,  orum,  m.,  Ilelvetii,  a 

Gallic  tribe. 
Herennius,  i   (ii),  m.,  Heren- 

nius,  a  man's  name. 
hiberna,   orum,  ii.  pi.,  winter 

quarters. 
Hiberus,    i,    m.,    the    Hiherus 

(modern  Ehro)^  a  river  in 

Spain. 

1.  hie,  haec,  hoc,  pron.,  this. 

2.  hie,  adv.,  here.,  at  this  place. 
hiemo,  1,  pass  the  winter. 
hiems,  is,  f.,  imnter. 

Hiero,  onis,  m.,  Hiero,  ruler  of 
Syracuse. 

hine,  hence;  hine  .  .  .  hine,  on 
this  side  .  .  .  on  that  side. 

Hispania,  ae,  f.,  Spain. 

homo,  minis,  c,  man. 

honestas,  tatis,  f.,  integrity. 

honor,  oris,  m.,  honor. 

honorifice,  honorably.,  with  re- 
spect. 

hora,  ae,  f.,  honr. 

Horatius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Horatins, 
a  man's  name  ;  Horatii, 
orum,  Horatii,  a  Roman 
family. 

hortor,  ari,  atus  sum,  exhort, 
nr(fe,  encourage. 

Hostilius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Hostilius, 
a  man's  name. 

hostis,  is,  c,  enemy ;  especially 
frequent  in  pi.,  the  enemy. 

hiie,  hither. 

humanus,  a,  um,  human. 

ibi,  there,  in  that  place. 
(ieo),  ere,  iei,  ictus,  strike. 


ideired,  therefore. 

idem,  eadem,  idem,  the  same. 

idolon,  i,  n.,  spectre. 

idoneus,  a,  um,  siiitable. 

igitur,  therefore,  accordingly ; 
ncno ;  (stands  usually  after 
first  word  in  clause). 

ignavus,  a,  um,  cowardly. 

ignis,  is,  m.,  fire. 

ignominia,  ae,  f,,  ignominy, 
disgrace. 

ille,  ilia,  illud,  that ;  that  one  ; 
he,  she,  it. 

imago,  inis,  f.,  image,  ghost. 

imbecillis,  e,  loeak,  poor. 

imber,  imbris,  m.,  rain-storm. 

immortalis,  e,  immortal. 

impedimentum,  i,  n.,  hin- 
drance; in  pi.,  baggage. 

impedio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  im- 
pede, hinder. 

imperator,  toris,  m.,  com- 
mander. 

imperitus,  a,  um,  inexperi- 
enced. 

imperium,  i  (ii),  n.,  rule, 
sway. 

impero,  1,  command;  demand; 
order;  reign;  levy. 

impetus  (us),  m.,  attack{^  57,4). 

imploro,  1,  entreat. 

impono,  ere,  posui,  positus, 
pilace  upon. 

improbo,  1,  disapprove,  reject. 

imus,  a,  um,  lowest  (§  73,  2). 

in,  prep.  w.  abl.,  in,  on,  denot- 
ing rest  in  a  place  ;  w.  ace, 
into,  in,  against,  to,  toward. 

inaeque,  unfairly. 

incendo,  ere,  cendi,  census,  set 
on  fire. 


incertus 


149 


inter  dum 


incertus,  a,  um,  uncertain. 

incido,  ere,  i,  fall  upon ;  fall 
in  with. 

incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus,  be- 
gin. 

incito.  1,  urge  on^  encourage. 

include,  ere,  si,  sus,  shut  in. 

incognitus.  a,  um,  unknoion. 

incoho,  1,  begin. 

incola,  ae,  m.,  inhabitant. 

incolo.  ere,  colui,  cultus,  i»- 
habit. 

incolumis,  e,  unharmed^  unin- 
jured. 

incommodum,  i,  n.,  disaster. 

incursio,  onis,  f.,  incursion^ 
attack. 

indic5,  ere,  dixi,  dictus,  pro- 
claim, appoint ;  with  bellum, 
to  declare  war. 

indoles,  is,  f.,  nature;  charac- 
ter. 

induce,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  lead 
in  ;  draw  in  ;  draw. 

ineo,  ire,  ii,  itus,  enter  iipon ; 
consilium  inire,  form  a  plan 
(§  132). 

inermis,  e,  unarmed. 

inferior,  us,  loiver,  inferior 
(§  73,  2). 

infero,  ferre,  tuli,  illatus,  bring 
upon,  bring  against ;  produce 
(§129). 

infestus,  a,  um,  hostile. 

Tnfimus.  a,  um.  superl.  of  in- 
ferior (§  73,  2). 

infirmus,  a,  um,  weak. 

inflo,  1,  bloiL^  out,  inflate. 

infrendo,  ere,  gnash. 

ingens,  gen.,  ingentis,  huge. 

ingenuus,  a,  um,  free-born. 


inhaereo,  ere,  haesi,  haesurus, 
stick  fast. 

inhio,  1,  be  eager  for  (lit.  gape 
for),  (§187,111). 

inimicus,  a,  um,  hostile. 

inimicus,  i,  ni.,  a  {personal) 
enemy. 

initium,  i  (ii),  n.,  beginning. 

injiiria,  ae,  f.,  wrong,  injustice. 

innecto,  ere,  nexui,  nexus,  bind. 

innuo,  ere,  ui,  utus,  beckon. 

inopia,  ae,  f.,  lack,  need. 

inquam;  3d  sing,  inquit;  3d  pi. 
inquiunt,  say  (inserted  be- 
tween words  of  a  direct 
quotation),  (§  134). 

insidiae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  ambush; 
plot ;  treachery. 

insignis,  e,  distinguished. 

insiliS,  ire,  ui,  leap  upon. 

insolens,  gen.,  insolentis,  inso- 
lent. 

instans,  pres.  participle  of  insto. 

instar,  n.,  indecl,  like,  equal. 

instituo,  ere,  ui,  utus,  institute  ^ 
appoint. 

institutum,  i,  n.,  institution. 

insto,  are,  iti,  press  on,  be  eager. 

instruo,  ere,  striixi,  structus, 
draw  up,  arrange;  Jit  out, 
furnish,  p)rovide. 

insula,  ae,  f.,  island. 

intellego,  ere,  lexi,  lectus,  know, 
understand. 

intendo,  ere.  di,  turn,  stretch; 
fix. 

inter,  prep.  w.  ace,  among, 
betioeen,  in  the  midst  of. 

intercipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
take  away. 

interdum,  at  times,  sometimes. 


interea 


150 


labor 


/aterea,  in  the  meamoMle. 
intere5,  ire,  ii,  iturus,  perish. 
interest,    it  concerns,  iinpers. 

from  intersum. 
interficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  kill. 
intericio,  ere,  jeci,  iecius,  throio 

between. 
interim,  in  the  meamvhile. 
interimo,    ere,    emi,    emptus, 

kill. 
interior,  ius,  inner  (§  73,  1). 
interiora,    um,    n.    pi.,    imier 

parts,  places. 
interregnum,  i,  n.,  interregnum. 
interrog5,  1,  ask. 
intersum,  esse,  fui,  futiirus,  he 

joresent  at. 
intra,  prep.  w.  ace,  within. 
intro,  1,  enter. 
intus,  adv.,  within. 
invado,  ere,  vasi,  vasus,  attack. 
invenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus,  find. 
invicem,  in  turn. 
invideo,  ere,  vidi,  visum,  envy. 
invidia,  ae,  f.,  envy. 
invisus,  a,  um,  hated,  hateful. 
invito,  1,  invite. 
invitus,  a,  um,  unwilling. 
ipse,  a,  um,  self. 
irrideo,  ere,  risi,  risus,  deride, 

ridicule. 
irrito,  1,  iirge  on,  tempt. 
is,  ea,  id,  that;  he,  she,  it;  pi. 

they. 
iste,  a,  ud,  that ;  that  of  yours. 
ita,  so. 

Italia,  ae,  f.,  Italy. 
Italus,  a,  um,  Italian ;  as  noun, 

m.,  an  Italian. 
itaque,  accordingly,  and  so. 
iter,     itineris,     n.,      journey; 


march;  way;  iter  facere,  to 
march  ;  travel. 
iterum,  again. 

jaceo,  ere,  ui,  iturus,  lie,  recline. 

jam,  already. 

Janiculum,  i,  n.,  the  hill  Janic- 

uliim. 
jubeo,  ere,  jussi,  jussus,  order; 

hid. 
jiidico,  1,  judge,  adjudge. 
jugum,  i,  11.,   yoke;  ridge  (of 

mountains). 
Julius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Julius,  aman's 

name. 
jiimentum,  i,  n.,  heast  of  burden. 
jungo,  ere,  junxi,  jiinctus,  join; 

societatem  jungere,  form  a 

partnership. 
Junius,   i   (ii),   m.,  Junius,    a 

man's  name. 
Juppiter,  Jovis,  m.,  Jupiter. 
Jura,  ae,  m.,  the  Jura,  chain  of 

mountains  on  west  of  Switz- 
erland. 
jur5,  1,  swear,  take  oath. 
jus,  jiiris,  n.,  right,  poiver. 
jus  jurandum,  juris  jurandi,  n., 

oath. 
Justus,  a,  um,  just. 
juvenca,  ae,  f.,  heifer. 
juvenis,  is,  m.,  a  young  man. 

Kalendae,  arum,  f.  i^\., Kalends 
(first  of  the  month). 

L.,  abbreviation  of  Liicius, 
Lucius,  a  man's  name. 

Labienus,  i,  m.,  Labienus,  a 
famous  lieutenant  of  Caesar. 

labor,  oris,  m.,  labor,  exertion. 


labord 


151 


Lysander 


laboro,  1,  toil ;  suffer  ;  in  battle, 

he  hard  pressed. 
Lacedaemonius,  a,   um,  S^jar- 

tan ;  subs.  «  Spartan. 
Iacer5, 1,  mnrnjlr,  tear  in  pieces. 
lacesso,  ere,  cessivi  (ii),  itus, 

harass. 
lacus,  us,  m.,  lake, 
laetus,  a,  um,  (jlad^  joyful. 
Laevinus,   i,    m.,    Laevinus^   a 

man's  name. 
lanio,  1,  tear  in  pieces. 
lapis,  idis,  m.,  stone. 
Latinus,  i,  m.,  Latinus^  a  man's 

name  ;  also  a  Latin. 
Latium,  i  (ii),  n.,  Latium,  a 

part  of  Italy. 
Iatr5,  1,  bark. 
latus,  a,  um,  broad,  loide. 
laudo,  1,  praise. 
laus,  laudis,  f.,  praise. 
Lavinia,   ae,  f.,  Lavinia,  wife 

of  Aeneas. 
Lavinium,  i(ii),  n.,Laviniiim,  a 

town. 
laxo,  1,  loosen. 
lectus,  i,  m.,  couch. 
legatio,  onis,  f.,  embassy. 
legatus,  i,  m.,  lieutenant;  en- 
voy. 
legio,  onis,  f.,  legion. 
Ieg5,  ere,  legi,  lectus,  choose; 

read. 
Lentulus,   T,   m.,    Lentulus,    a 

man's  name, 
lentus,  a,  um,  sluggish,  slow. 
Ie5,  5nis,  m.,  lion. 
letalis,  e,  fatal. 
levis,  e,  light. 
lex,  legis,  1,  laio. 
liber,  bri,  m.,  book. 


liber,  libera,  liberum,  free. 
liberi,    orum,    m.  pi.,   children 

(free-born), 
libero.  \,free;  acquit. 
libertas,  talis,  f.,  liberty. 
licet,    impers.,   it  is  permitted 

(§  138). 
ligneus,  a,  um,  loooden. 
Lilybaeum,  i,  n.,  Liiybaeinn,  a 

promontory  of  Sicily, 
litterae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  a  letter. 
litterarius,  a,  um,  of  or  belong^ 

ing  to  reading  and  v:riting. 
litus,  oris,  n.,  shore. 
locus,  i,m., place;  family;  pi., 

loca,  n.,  rarely  loci,  m. 
longe,  adv.,  far. 
longitude,  inis,  f.,  length. 
longus,  a,  um,  long. 
loquor,    loqui,    locutus    sum, 

speak. 
Lucius,    i  (ii),    m,,   Lucius,   a 

man's  name. 
Lucretia,    ae,    f.,    Lucretia,    a 

W' Oman's  name. 
Lucretius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Lucretius, 

a  man's  name, 
ludus,  i,  m.,  game,  school;  pi., 

liidi,     orum,     m.,     (public) 

games. 
liigeo,  ere.  luxi,  liictus,  mourn. 
liimen,  inis,  n.,  light. 
liina,  ae,  f.,  moon. 
lupa,  ae,  f.,  she-wolf. 
lupus,  i,  m.,  wolf. 
lustro,  1,  review  (an  army). 
Lutatius,  1  (ii),  m.,  Lutatius,  a 

man's  name, 
liix,  lucis,  f.,  light. 
Lysander,  dri,  m.,  Lysander ^  a 

Spartan  commander. 


M. 


152 


mereor 


M.,  abbreviation  for  Marcus,  i, 

m.,  3Iarcus,  a  man's  name, 
magis,  more,  rather,  comp.  of 

magnopere. 
magister,  tri,  ni.,  master;  ma- 

gister  equitum,  master  of  the 

horse. 
magistratus,  us,  m.,  magistrate. 
magnificentia,  ae,  f.,  splendor. 
magnitudo,  inis,  f.,  size. 
magnopere,    greatly,   earnestly 

(§  77,  1). 
magnus,  a,  um,  large,  great. 
major,   larger,   greater,  comp. 

of  magnus ;  major  natii,  elder 

(lit.  greater  as  to  birth) . 
majores,    um,   m.    (sc.    natu), 

ancestors. 
male,  adv.,  badly,  ill  (§  77, 1) . 
maledico,     ere,    dixi,     dictus, 

rail  at. 
maleficus,  i,  m.,  evil  doer. 
malo,     malle,     malui,    prefer 

(§  130). 
malus,  a,  um,  bad. 
mandatum,    i,    n.,    command, 

order. 
mando,  1,  intrust,  assign. 
mane5,  ere,  mansi,  mansiirus, 

remain. 
Manlius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Manlius,  a 

man's  name. 
Mantinea,  ae,  f.,  Mantinea,  a 

city  in  Arcadia. 
manus,  us,  f.,  hand;  in  military 

sense,  band,  force. 
Marcellus,   i,  m.,  Marcellus,  a 

man's  name. 
Marcius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Marciiis,  a 

man's  name. 
mare,  is,  n.,  sea. 


maritimus,  a,  um,  of  the  sea, 
maritime. 

maritus,  i,  ni,,  husband. 

Mars,  Martis,  m.,  the  god  Mars. 

massa,  ae,  f.,  mass. 

Massilia,  ae,  f.,  Marseilles. 

mater,  tris,  f.,  mother. 

matrimonium,  i  Tii),  n.,  mar- 
riage ;  in  matrimonium  dare, 
to  give  in  marriage  (of  the 
father)  ;  in  matrimonium 
ducere,  to  take  in  marriage 
(of  the  husband). 

matrona,  ae,  f.,  matron. 

maturus,  a,  um,  ripe. 

maxime,  especially,  sup.  of 
magnopere. 

maximus,  a,  um,  greatest,  su- 
perl.  of  magnus. 

medicus,  i,  m.,  physician. 

medius,  a,  um,  middle,  the 
middle  of. 

mehercule,  gracious  !  I  tell  you, 
lit.  (so  help)  me  Hercules! 

melior,  ius,  better,  comp.  of 
bonus. 

membrum,   i,   n.,    member  (of 

•    the  body). 

memini,  isse,  remember  (§  133). 

memoria,  ae,  f.,  memory,  recol- 
lection. 

Menenius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Menenius, 
a  man's  name. 

mens,  mentis,  f.,  mind. 

mensa,  ae,  f.,  table. 

mensis,  is.  m.,  month. 

merces,  edis,  f.,  price,  reward. 

mereor,  ari,  atus  sum,  purchase. 

mereo,  ere,  merui,  meritus, 
deserve. 

mereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  deserve. 


mergo 


153 


natus 


mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersus,  sink. 
Messalla.  ae,  m.,  Messalla. 
meto,     ere.     messui,     messus, 

rer/77,  rnov. 
Mettius    Fufetius,    Metti    (ii) 

Fufeti  (ii),  m.,  3IeUius  Fufe- 
tius, a  man's  name, 
meus,  a,  um,  my. 
migro,  1,  move.,  move  avmy. 
miles,  itis,  m.,  soldier. 
miliarium,  i  (ii),  n.,  milestone. 
militaris,  e,  military. 
militia,  ae,  f.,  military  service. 
mille,  indecl.;  pi.,  millia,  ium, 

thousand  (§  80,  5). 
minime,  least  (§  77,  1). 
minimus,  a,  um,  superl.  of  par- 
vus, 
minor,  less.,  comp.  of  parvus  ; 

minor  natii,  younger. 
minus,  adv.,  less  (§  77,  1). 
miror,  ari,  atus   sum,  vjonder, 

admire. 
miseret,   ere,   uit    (§  138),    it 

excites  -pity  (§  209). 
misericordia,  ae,  f.,  pity. 
mitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  send; 

hurl. 
modo,  only ;  ju.st,  just  now;  as 

conj.,  jirovided  that. 
modus,    i,    m.,    manner,   icay, 

kind. 
moenia,  ium,  n.  pi.,  loalls  (of  a 

city). 
mollio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  .soften. 
moneo,    ere,   monui,    monitus, 

advise,  vxtrn. 
monitus,  us,  m..  advice. 
mons,  montis,  m.,  mountain. 
monstro,  1,  show. 
mora,  ae,  f.,  delay. 


'  morbus,  i,  m.,  disease. 
morior,  i.  mortuus  sum,  die. 
moror,  ari,  moratus  sum,  tarry, 

delay. 
mors,  mortis,  f..  death. 
morsus,  us,  m.,  bite. 
mortuus,  a,  um,  dead. 
mos,   moris,    m.,  custom;  pi., 

m5res,  character. 
Mosa,  ae,  f.,  the  river  Meuse. 
motus,  lis,  m.,  revolt. 
moveo,  ere,  movi,  motus,  move ; 

touch. 
mox,  presently;    soon;    after- 

vmrd. 
Mucius,  i  (ii),  m.,    3Iucius,   a 

man's  name, 
mulier,  mulieris,  f..  it'oman. 
multitiido,  inis,  f.,  multitude. 
multo,  by  much,  abl.  of  mul- 

tum. 
multus,    a,    um.    much;    pi., 

many. 
miinio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  fortify. 
munitio,  onis,  f .,  fortijication. 
miinus,  eris,  n.,  reward. 
murus,  i,  m.,  wall. 
mus,  miiris,  c,  mouse. 

nam,  for. 

nanciscor,  i,  nactus  sum,  pro- 
cure. 

narro,  1,  tell. 

nascor,  i,  natus  sum,  he  horn. 

natio,  onis,  f.,  nation,  tribe. 

nato,  1,  svim. 

natiira,  ae,  1,  nature. 

natus,  i,  m.,  child,  son. 

(natus,  us),  m.,  only  in  the 
abl.  sing.,  natii,  as  to  birth 
(in  phrases  expressing  age). 


navalis 


154 


nympha 


navalis,  e,  naval. 

navis,  is,  f.,  ship^  boat. 

ne,  not;  lest;  that  .  .  .  not; 
from  (after  verbs  of  hinder- 
ing) ;  ne  .  .  .  quidem,  not 
even;  emphatic  negative,  em- 
phasizing tlie  expression 
placed  between  ne  and  qui- 
dem. 

-ne,  enclitic  interrog.  particle, 
asking  for  information. 

nee  (neque),  nor. 

necesse  est,  impers.,  it  is  neces- 
sary. 

neglego,  ere,  lexi,  lectus,  neg- 
lect. 

nego,  1,  deny;  say  "«o." 

negotium,  i  (ii),  n.,  business; 
trouble. 

nemo,  c,  defective  noun,  no 
one ;  ace.  neminem,  dat.  ne- 
mini ;  other  cases  lacking. 

nepos,  otis,  m.,  grandson. 

Neptiinus,  i,  m.,  the  god  Nep- 
tune. 

neque  (nee),  nor,  and  not. 

neuter,  tra,  trum,  neither  (§  66). 

nihil,  indecl.,  nothing;  as  adv., 
oiot  at  all. 

nihilo,  abl.,  by  nothing ;  nihilo- 
minus,  none  the  less. 

nisi,  unless.,  except. 

nobilis,  e,  noble. 

nobilitas,  tatis,  f.,  nobility. 

noeeo,  ere,  nocui.  nociturus,  m- 
jure.  harm. 

noeturnus,  a,  um,  at  night. 

nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  be  tinwilling 
(§  130). 

nomen,  inis,  n.,  name. 

nominatim,  by  name. 


non,  not;  n5n  solum  .  .  .  sed 
etiam.  720^  on??/  .  .  .  but  also. 

nonagesimus,  a,  um,  nineti- 
eth. 

n5ndum,  not  yet. 

nonne,  interrog.  particle,  ex- 
pecting answer  "yes." 

nonniillus,  a,  um,  some. 

noseo,  ere,  novi,  become  ac- 
quainted with;  the  perfect 
has  present  meaning :  I 
know. 

noster,  tra.  trum,  our. 

notabilis,  e,  notable. 

novem,  indecl.,  nine. 

novus,  a,  um,  new. 

nox,  noctis,  f.,  night. 

nubo,  ere,  niipsi,  nupta,  veil 
one^s  self  (for  the  bride- 
groom) ;  marry,  used  only  of 
the  woman. 

nuUus,  a,  um,  no  (§  66). 

num,  interrog.  particle  expect- 
ing answer  "no";  in  indi- 
rect questions,  u'hether. 

Numa  Pompilius,  Numae  Pom- 
pili  (ii),  Numa  Pompilius, 
second  king  of  Rome. 

numerus,  i,  m.,  number. 

Numitor,  oris,  m.,  Nnnitor, 
grandfather  of  Romulus  and 
Remus. 

numquam,  never. 

nune,  iiow. 

nuneupo.  1,  name,  call. 

nuntio,  1,  announce,  report. 

niintius,  i  (ii),  m.,  messen- 
ger. 

niitrio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  nurse, 
take  care  of. 

nympha,  ae,  f.,  nymph. 


Ob 


155 


orior 


ob,  prep.  w.  ace,  on  account  of. 

obeo,  ire,  ii,  itus,  meet;  also 
used  for  mortem  obire  (lit., 
meet  death),  die. 

oberro,  1,  wander  about. 

oblige,  1,  lay  under  obligation. 

obliviscor,  i,  oblitus  sum,  for- 
get. 

oboedi5,  ire,  ivi,  itum,  obey. 

obruo,  ere,  rui,  rutus,  over- 
ivhelm. 

obsecro,  1,  entreat. 

obses,  idis,  c,  hostage. 

obsideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessus,  block- 
ade, block,  throng. 

obsidio,  onis,  f.,  siege. 

obstruo,  ere,  iixi,  uctus,  ob- 
struct., block. 

obtestor,  ari,  atus  sum,  adjure. 

obtineo.  ere,  ui,  tentus,  occupy, 
hold.,  obtain.,  secure  ;  prevail. 

occaeco,  1,  blind. 

occasio,  onis,  f.,  occasion,  op- 
portioiity. 

occido,  ere,  occidi,  occisus,  kill. 

occupo,  1,  take  possession  of 
seize;  occupy. 

occurro,  ere,  curri,  cursum,  run 
to  meet. 

octavus,  a,  um,  eighth;  octa- 
vus  decimus,  eighteenth. 

octingenti,  ae,  a,  eight  hundred. 

Octodurus,  i,  m.,  Octodurus,  a 
city  of  the  Veragri. 

octoginta,  indecl.,  eighty. 

oculus.  i,  m.,  eye. 

odi,  odisse,  hate  (§  133). 

offero,  ferre,  obtuli,  oblatus, 
offer;  se  offerre,  volunteer. 

officium,  i  (ii),  n.,  duty. 

olim,  formerly. 


omnino,  adv.,  altogether ;  with 
negatives,  at  all. 

omnis,  e,  all,  every. 

onerarius,  a,  um,  burden-bear- 
ing;  naves  onerariae,  trans- 
ports. 

opera,  ae,  f.,  assistance. 

opinio,  onis,  f.,  opinion,  expec- 
tation. 

oportet,  ere,  oportuit,  it  be- 
hooves (§  138,  II). 

oppidum,  i,  n.,  town,  ivalled 
town. 

opportunus,  a,  um,  fit,  oppor- 
tune. 

opprimo,  ere,  pressi,  pressus, 
ovenchelm. 

oppiign5,  1,  attack,  assault. 

(ops)  opis,  f .  (nom.  sing,  is  not 
used),  power,  help;  in  pL, 
resources. 

optime,  sup.  of  bene  (§  77,  1). 

optimus,  a,  um,  sup.  of  bonus 
(§  72). 

optio,  onis,  f.,  choice. 

opto,  1,  desire. 

opus,  indecl.,  n.,  need;  opus 
est,  it  is  necessary. 

opus,  eris,  n.,  icork ;  fortifica- 
tion. 

ora,  ae,  f.,  coast. 

oraculum,  i,  n.,  oracle. 

oratio,  onis,  f.,  speech. 

orator,  oris,  m.,  orator;  envoy. 

orbis,  orbis,  m.,  circle;  orbis 
terrarum,  the  world. 

ordiii5.  1.  institute. 

ordo,  inis,  m.,  rank. 

Orgetorix,  igis,  m.,  Orgetorix, 

an  Helvetian  chief. 
I  orior,  oriri,  ortus  sum,  arise. 


orno 


156 


percontor 


orno,  1,  adorn. 

oro,  1,  beseech. 

ortus,  perf.  participle  of  orior. 

OS,  ossis,  n.,  bone. 

ostendd,     ere,    tendi,    tentus, 

shoiv,    explain. 
ostentum,  i,  n.,  prodigy.,  ivon- 

der. 
Ostia,   ae,    f.,    Ostia,   a  Latin 

town  at  moutli  of  the  Tiber, 
ostium,  i  (ii),  n.,  mouth. 
oti5sus,  a,  um,  at  ease.,  free. 
ovis,  ovis,  f.,  sheep. 
ovum,  1,  n.,  egg. 

P. ,  abbreviation  of  Publius. 

pabulum,  i,  n.,  forage,  food 
(of  animals). 

paene,  almost,  nearly. 

paenitet,  ere,  paenituit,  impers., 
it  causes  regret  (§  138,  II). 

palus,  liidis,  f.,  marsh. 

pando,  ere,  pandi,  passus,  un- 
fold^ open. 

Papirius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Papirius, 
a  man's  name. 

par,  gen.  paris,  equal;  with 
dat.,  a  match  for. 

parco,  ere,  peperci,  parsurus, 
spare  (§  187,  II,  a). 

pario,  ere,  peperi,  partus,  bring 
forth;  lay  (an  egg). 

paro,  1,  prepare.,  get  ready., 
procure;  win. 

pars,  partis,  f .,  part ;  side. 

parum,  indecl.,  little.,  too  lit- 
tle. 

parvus,  a,  um,  small. 

pasc5,  ere,  pavi,  pastus,  feed ; 
deponent,  pascor,  pasci,  pas- 
tus sum,  graze. 


passus,  lis,  m.,  pace  (five  feet). 

pastor,  oris,  m.,  herdsman, 
shepherd. 

patefacio,  ere,  feci,  factus, 
open. 

pateo,  ere,  ui,  lie  open. 

pater,  patris,  m.,  father. 

paternus,  a,  um,  paternal ;  of 
one'^s  father. 

patior,  i,  passus  sum,  suffer; 
allow, 

patria,  ae,  f.,  country,  father- 
land.. 

patrimonium,  i  (ii),  n.,  inheri- 
tance, property. 

pauci,  ae,  a,  few  ;  used  only  in 
pi. 

paucitas,  atis,  f.,  fewness, 
small   mimber. 

paulo,  abl.,  by  a  little. 

paulum,  a  little. 

pax,  acis,  f.,  peace. 

peciinia,  ae,  f.,  money. 

pedes,  itis,  m.,  foot-soldier ;  in 
pi.,  infantry. 

peditatus,  iis,  m.,  infantry. 

pellicio,  ere,  lexi,  lectus,  allure, 
entice. 

pellis.  is,  f.,  skin. 

pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsus,  drive  ; 
drive  out,  banish;  runt,  de- 
feat. 

Peloponnesus,  i,  f.,  Peloponne- 
sus, the  southern  part  of 
Greece. 

pendeo,  ere,  hang. 

per,  prep.  w.  ace,  through,  by 
means  of,  through  the  instru- 
mentality of;  on  account  of; 
dialing. 

percontor,  ari,  atus  sum,  asL 


percutio 


157 


post 


percutio,    ere,    cussi,    cussus, 

strike. 
perdo,  ere.  didi,  ditus.  lose. 
perduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  con- 
duct. 
pereo,    ire,    ii,    iturus,   perish 

(§  132). 
perfero.  ferre,  tuli,  latus,  cct^ry 

through,  convey,  endxre. 
perficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,    ac- 

complish. 
perfidia,  ae,  f.,  treachery. 
perfuga,  ae,  m.,  deserter. 
perfugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugiturus, 

flee. 
pergo,  ere,  perrexi,  perrectus, 

proceed. 
periculum,  i,  n.,  danger. 
permitto,    ere,    misi,    missus, 

permit,   grant,   cede   (§  187, 

IT,  ci). 
permutatio,  onis,  f.,  exchange. 
perpetuus,  a,  um,  perpetual. 
Persae,  arum,  m.  pi.,  Persians. 
persequor,  i,  seciitus  sum,  fol- 
low up. 
persuadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasum, 

persuade. 
perterreo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  terrify. 
perturbo,  1,  confuse,  agitate. 
pervenio,    ire,    veni,   ventum, 

come,  arrive. 
pes,  pedis,  ni.,  foot. 
pet5,   ere,   ivi  (ii),  itus,  seek, 

request;  attack. 
philosophus,  i,  m..  p)hilosox)her. 
Pis5,  onis,  m.,  Piso,  a  man's 

name, 
placeo,  ere,  ui,  iturus,  please. 
placidus,  a,  um,  peaceful. 
planities,  ei,  i.^  plain. 


plebs,  plebis,  f.,  common  pech 

pie. 
plenus,  a,  um,  full. 
plerique,  aeque,  aque,  most. 
pliires,  a,  more  ;  several ;  plural 

of  plus  (§  70). 
pliirimus,  a,  um,  sup.  of  mul- 

tus  (§  72). 
plus,  comp.  of  multus  (§§  70, 

72). 
poena,  ae,  f.,  penalty,  punish- 
ment. 
Poenus,  a,  um,  Carthaginian. 
polliceor,  eri,  itus  sum,  prom- 
ise. 
Pompejus,  Pompei,  m.,Pompey, 

a  man's  name. 
Pompilius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Ponipil- 

ius,  a  man's  name, 
pondus,  eris,  n.,  iceight. 
pond  ere,  posui,  positus.  jmt ; 

place ;  establish  ;  castra  po- 

nere,  intch  a  camp. 
pons,  pontis,  m.,  bridge. 
Pontius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Pontius,  a 

man's  name, 
populus,  i,  m..  people. 
porrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rectus,  stretch 

out. 
Porsena,    ae,    m.,    Porsena,    a 

king  of  Etruria. 
porta,  ae,  f.,  gate. 
porto,  1,  carry. 
portus,  lis,  m..  harbor. 
posco,  ere,  poposci,  demand. 
possessio,  onis,  f.,  possession. 
possideo,     ere,     sedi,     sessus, 

possess. 
possum,  posse,  potui,  be  able^ 

can  (§  126). 
post,  adv.,  afterward. 


post 


158 


procul 


post,  prep,  with  ace,  after ;  be- 
hind. 

postea,  afterward. 

posterus,  a,  um,  following  (§  73, 
2);  poster!,  5rum,  m.,  de- 
scendants. 

postquam,  conj.,  after. 

postremo,  finally. 

postridie,  adv.,  on  the  next 
day. 

postulo,  1,  demand. 

Postumius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Postu- 
mius,  a  man's  name. 

potens,  entis,  pres.  participle  of 
possum,  used  as  adj.,  power- 
ful. 

potestas,  atis,  f.,  poicer. 

potior,  iri,  itus  sum,  gain  pos- 
session of. 

praecedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessurus, 
go  ahead. 

praecipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus,  en- 
join. 

praecipit5,  1,  hurl  down  head- 
long. 

praeda,  ae,  f.,  booty. 

praedo,  onis,  m.,  robber. 

praefero,  ferre,  tuli,  latus, 
choose.,  prefer  (§  129). 

praeficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  x)Ut 
in  charge.,  place  in  command 
(§  187,  III). 

praemium,  i  (ii),  r\.y reward. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.,  Praeneste,  a 
Latin  town. 

praesaepe,  is,  n.,  manger. 

praesens,  praesentis,  present, 
pres.  participle  of  praesum, 
used  as  adj. 

praesidium,  i  (ii),  n.,  garri- 
son. 


praestans,   gen,,  stantis,   emi- 
nent,  excellent. 

praestantia,  ae,  f.,  preeminence. 

praesto,  are,  iti,  itus,  perform^ 
show. 

praesum.  esse,  fui,  be  in  charge 
o/(§125). 

praeter,  prep.  w.  ace,  exce/)i,  be- 
sides. 

praeterea,  besides. 

praetereo,  ire,  ii,  itiirus,  pass  by. 

praetor,  oris,  m.,  praetor. 

pratum,  i,  n.,  meadow. 

premo,  ere,  pressi,  pressus, 
press,  crowd. 

pretium,  i  (ii),  n.,  pnce. 

(prex,  precis),  f.,  prayer  (nom. 
and  gen.  sing,  not  used). 

prim5,  fir  t,  firstly. 

primum,  first,  for  the  first  time. 

primus,  a,  um,  first ;  superl.  of 
comp.  prior  (§  73,  1). 

princeps,  ipis,  m.,  chief. 

prior,  us,  former,  before  (an- 
other) . 

Priscus,  i,  m. ,  Priscus,  a  man's 
name. 

pristinus,  a,  um,  former,  pins- 
tine. 

priusquam,  before. 

privatus,  a,  um,  private;  as 
noun,  privatus,  i,  m.,  a  pri- 
vate citi.zen. 

pro,  prep.  w.  abl, ,  before,  in 
front  of;  for,  instead  of. 

probo,  1.  approve. 

Procas,  ae,  m.,  Procas,  a  king 
of  Alba  (§22). 

procedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessiirus, 
advance. 

procul,  far. 


procure 


159 


quamvis 


procuro,  1,  care  for,  have  charge 
of. 

procurro.  ere,  cucurri,  cursum. 
run  forward. 

proditor,  oris,  m,,  traitor. 

proelium,  i  (ii),  n.,  battle. 

profero,  ferre,  tuli,  latus,  carry 
in  front. 

proficiscor,  i,  profectus  sum, 
set  out. 

profugio,  ere,  fugl,  fugiturus, 
flee.,  escape  ;  flee  for  refuge. 

prdgredior,  i,  gressus  sum,  ad- 
vance, go  forward. 

prohibeo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  keep 
away,  keep  off. 

proi£io,  ere,  jeci,  jectus,  throw 
forward :  cast. 

promissus,  a,  um,  flowing. 

promitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 
promise. 

promunturium,  i  (ii),  n.,  prom- 
ontory. 

propago,  1,  propagate,  continue. 

propero,  1,  hasten. 

propior,  nearer;  comp.  of  prope 
(§  73). 

propono,  ere,  posui,  positus, 
propose. 

propter,  prep.w.  ace,  on  account 
of 

prospecto,  1,  look  out  upon. 

prosum,  prodesse,  profui,  pro- 
futurus,  benefit  (§  125). 

protinus,  forthwith,  straight- 
way. 

pro  video,  ere,  vidi,  visus,  pro- 
vide,  take  care. 

provincia.  ae,  i.,  province. 

provocati5,  onis,  f. ,  challenge. 

provoco,  1,  challenge. 


proximus,  a,  um,  nearest,  next 

(§  78,,  1). 
prudens,  wise,  sensible. 
Publicola,  ae,  m.,  Publicola,  a 

mail's  name, 
piiblicus,  a,  um,  public. 
Publius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Piiblius,  a 

man's  name, 
puer,  i,  m.,  boy. 
puerilis,  e,  youthful. 
pueritia,  ae,  f.,  boyhood. 
pugna,  ae,  f.,  battle. 
pugno,  1,  fiejht. 
pulcher,  chra,  chrum,  beautiful, 

glorious. 
pullus,  1,  m.,  nestling. 
pulsus,  perf.  pass,  participle  of 

pello. 
Pulvillus,   1,   m.,   Pulvillus,  a 

man's  name. 
Piinicus,  a,  um,  Punic. 
punio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  punish. 
piipillus,  i,  m.,  vrnrd. 
pusillus,  a,  um,  iceak. 
put5,  1,  think. 
Pyrrhus,  i,  m.,  Pyrrhus,  king 

of  Epirus. 

qua,  adv.,  where. 
quadragesimus,  a,  um.  fortieth. 
quadraginta.  indecL,  forty. 
quadringentesimus,  a,  um,  four 

hundredth. 
quaero,  ere.  quaeslvi.  quaesitus, 

inquire,'  seek. 
qualis,   e,    rel.,    as;  such   as; 

interrog-.,  of  what  sort  P 

1.  quam.  hoio  9 

2.  quam.  than. 
quamquam,  although. 
quamvis,  though,  although. 


quand5 


160 


refero 


quand5,  interrog.,  when? 

quantum,  how  much  f 

quantus,  a,  um,  how  great. 

quare,  rel.  and  interrog.,  where- 
fore. 

quartus,  a,  um,  fourth. 

quasi,  as  if. 

quatio,  ere,  quassus,  shake, 
move. 

quattuor,  indecL,  four. 

quattuordecim,  indecl.,  four- 
teen. 

-que,  enclitic  conj.,  and. 

querela,  ae,  f.,  complaint. 

queror,  i,  questus  sum,  com- 
plain. 

qui,  hov)  ? 

qui,  quae,  quod,  icho^  which. 

quia,  conj.,  because. 

quicumque,  quaecumque,  quod- 
cumque,  ivhoever,  lohatever 
(§  91,  8). 

quidam,  quaedam,  quiddam  or 
quoddam,  a  certain  (§  91). 

quidem,  indeed,  even;  of  course  ; 
ne  .  .  .  quidem,  not  even. 

quilibet,  quaelibet,  quidlibet 
or  quodlibet,  any  you  please 

(§91,  1). 
Quinctius  i  (ii),  m.,  Quinctius, 

a  man's  name. 
quingenti,  ae,  a.  Jive  hundred. 
quinquaginta,  indecl.,  Jifty. 
quinque,  indecl.,  Jive. 
quintus,  a,  um,  ffth. 
Quintus,  i,  m. ,  Quintus^  a  man's 

name. 
quis,  quid,  interr.  i)ron.,  ivho, 
.  what  ? 
quis,  qua  (quae),  quid,  indef. 

pron.,  any  (§  91,  2). 


quisquam,  quaequam.  quid- 
quam  (quicquam),  any,  any 
one  (§  91,  1). 

quisque,  quaeque,  quidque 
(quicque),  each  (§  91,  1). 

1.  quo,  rel.  and  interrog.  adv., 
whither. 

2.  quo,  conj.,  in  order  that. 
quod,  because,  on  the  ground 

that. 
quominus,  from  (after  verbs  of 

hindering). 
quondam,  formerly  ;  once. 
quoniam,  conj.,  inasmuch  as. 
quoque,    also;    always  placed 

after  the  word  it  modifies. 

rana,  ae,  f.,  frog. 

rapio,  ere,  ui,  tus,  seize. 

raptor,  oris,  m.,  one  who  seizes. 

ratio,  onis,  f.,  reason. 

recedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessiirus,  re- 
tire. 

recens,  gen.  recentis,  recent. 

recipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus,  take 
back,  receive;  with  reflexive 
se,  to  retreat. 

reciiso,  1,  refuse. 

reddo,  ere,  reddidi,  redditus, 
return,  give  back;  render, 
make. 

redeo,  ire,  ii,  iturus,  return,  go 
back  (§  132). 

redigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  reduce. 

redimo,  ere,  emi,  emptus,  ran- 
som. 

redintegro,  1.,  reneu\ 

reduce,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  lead 
hack. 

refero,  ferre,  rettuli,  relatus,  tr., 
bring  back,  return  (§  129). 


reficio 


161 


rusticus 


reficio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  rehuihl. 

refluo,  ere,  Jloio  back. 

regio,  onis,  f.,  rpgion. 

regius,  a,  um,  of  the  king ;  re- 
gal. 

regno,  1,  reign. 

regnum,  i,  u.,  regal  power, 
kingdom. 

regredior,  i,  gressus  sum,  march 
hack,  return. 

Regulus,  i,  m,,  Begulus,  a 
man's  name. 

reicio,  ere,  rejeci,  jectus,  hurl 
back. 

relatus,  perf.  pass,  participle  of 
refero. 

relictus,  perf.  pass,  participle 
of  relinquo. 

religio,  onis,  f.,  religion. 

relinquo.  ere,  liqui,  iictus, 
leave,  leave  behind. 

reliquus,  qua,  quum,  remain- 
ing. 

remaneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansurus, 
remain. 

remex,  igis,  m.,  rower. 

removeo,  ere,  movi,  motus, 
remove. 

Remus,  i,  m.,  Bemus,  brother 
of  Romulus. 

renovo,  1,  renew. 

reniinti5,  1,  bring  hack  word. 

repello,  ere,  reppuli,  repulsus, 
drive  hack,  repel. 

repente,  suddcnig. 

repentinus,  a,  um,  sudden. 

reperio,  ire,  repperi,  repertus, 
discover,  find. 

repudio,  1,  reject  with  scorn. 

res,  rei,  f.,  thing,  affair,  cir- 
cumstance. 


rescindo,  ere,  rescidi,  rescissus, 

tear  down." 
resisto,   ere,   restiti,    resist   (§ 

187,  11,  a). 
respicio,   ere,    spexi,    spectus, 

look  behind. 
respondeo,    ere,    respond!,    re- 

sponsus,  answer,  reply. 
res  publica,  gen.  rei  publicae, 

f.,  stale,  republic. 
respuo,  ere,  ui,  reject. 
restituo,  ere,  ui,  iitus,  restore. 
retineo,    ere,    ui,    tentus,    re- 
tain. 
reverentia,  ae,  f.,  reverence. 
revertor,  i,  i,  return  (§  114,  3). 
revoco,  1,  call  back. 
rex,  regis,  m.,  king. 
Rhea  Silvia,    gen.  Rheae  Sil- 

viae,  f.,  Rhea  Silvia,  mother 

of  lionmlus  and  Remus. 
Rhenus,  i,  m.,  Rhine. 
Rhodanus,  i,  m..  Rhone. 
rideo,    ere,    risi,   risus,    laugh, 

laugh  at. 
ripa,  ae,  f.,  bank. 
rivus,  i,  m.,  stream. 
rixor,   ari,  atus  sum,   quarrel, 

v:r  angle. 
robur,  oris,  n.,  strength. 
rogo,  1,  ask. 
Roma,  ae,  f.,  Rome. 
Romanus,  a,  um,   Roman;  as 

noun,  a  Roman. 
Romulus,  i,  m.,  Romulus. 
Rullianus,  i,  m.,  Rullianus. 
rumpo.  ere,  rupi,  ruptus,  break, 

breakdown;  burst. 
ruo.  ere,  mi,  ruitiirus,  rush. 
rursus.  again. 
rusticus,  i,  m.,  farmer. 


Sabinus 


162 


Sicilia 


Sabinus,  a,  um,  Sabine. 
Sabinus,    i,    m.,    Sabinus,    a 

lieutenant  of  Caesar. 
sacer,   era,    crum,    sacred;    in 

pi.,   sacra,   n.,  sacred  rites. 
sacerdos,     otis,      c,     priest; 

jiriestess. 
saepe,  often. 
sali5,  ire,  ui,  leap. 
saliis,  lutis,  f.,  safety. 
saluto,  1,  salute,  hail. 
salvus,  a,  um,  safe. 
Samnis,  itis,  m.,  a  Samnite. 
Sardinia,  ae,  f.,  Sardinia. 
satelles,  itis,  m.,  a  body-guard. 
satis,  adv.,  enough. 
Saturnia,     ae,    f.,     Saturnia, 

name  of  a  citadel. 
Saturnus,  i,  m.,  the  god  Saturn. 
saxum,  i,  n.,  rock. 
Scaevola,  ae,  m.,   Scaevola,  a 

man's  name, 
scelestus,  a,  um,  wicked. 
scelus,  eris,  n.,  crime. 
scio,  ire,  scivi,  scitus,  know. 
scriba,  ae,  m.,  secretary. 
scrib5,    ere,  scripsi,    scriptus, 

write ;  of  laws,  draw  up. 
scutum,  i,  n.,  shield. 
se,  reflexive,  he;  himself,  her- 

se7/(§85). 
seced5,    ere,    cessi,     cessiirus, 

secede,  withdraw. 
secundus,  a,  um,  second. 
sed,  but. 
sedeo,  ere,  sedi,  sessurus,  sit, 

perch. 
sedes,  is,  f.,  seat. 
seditio,      onis,     f.,     uprising, 

mutiny. 
seges,  etis,  f.,  corn-field. 


semper,  always. 
senator,  toris,  m.,  senator. 
senatus,  iis,  m.,  senate. 
senex,  senis,  m.,  old  man;  as 

adj.,  old. 
Senones,  um,  m.,  the  Senones, 

a  Gallic  tribe, 
sententia,  ae,  f.,  opinion,  sen- 
timent. 
sentio,  ire,  sensi,  sensus,  feel, 

perceive. 
sepeli5,    ire,    ivi    (ii),    ultus, 

bury. 
septem,  indecl.,  seven. 
Septimus,  a,  um,  seventh. 
septingenti,  ae,  a,  seven  hun- 
dred. 
septuaginta,  indecl.,  seventy. 
Sequani,    orum,    m.    pL,    >S'e- 

quani,  a  Gallic  tribe. 
sequor,  i,  secutus  sum,  follow; 

seek. 
sermo,  onis,  m.,  conversation. 
serp5,  ere,  serpsi,  creep  ;  spread 

abroad. 
Servius     Tullius,     Servi    (ii) 

Tulli  (ii),   Servius   Tiillius, 

sixth  king  of  Rome, 
servo,  1,  save;  protect ;  guard; 

preserve. 
servus,  i,  m.,  slave. 
sescenti,  ae,  a,  six  hundred. 
seta,  ae,  f.,  hair. 
sex,  indecl.,  six. 
sexaginta,  iwAecX.,  sixty. 
sextus,    a,    um,   sixth;  sextus 

decimus,  sixteenth. 
si,  if. 

sic,  so  (of  manner), 
siccus,  a,  um,  dry. 
Sicilia,  ae,  f.,  Sicily. 


sidus 


16? 


o 


summus 


sidus,  eris,  n.,  constellation; 
pi.,  the  stars. 

significo,  1,  show;  mean. 

signum,  i,  n.,  standard. 

silentium,  i  (ii),  n.,  silence. 

silva,  ae.  f.,  forest. 

Silvius,  i  (ii),  m.,   Silviiis. 

similis,  e,  like. 

simul,  together,  at  the  same 
time. 

simul  ac  (atque),  as  soon  as. 

sin,  but  i/(§  30(3,  3). 

sine,  prep.  w.  abl.,  imthout. 

singularis,  e,  single,  matchless. 

singuli,  ae,  a,  one  at  a  time, 
each. 

sinister,  tra,  trum,  left,  left- 
hand. 

sitis,  is,  f.,  thirst  (^  38,  1). 

socer,  eri,  in.,  father-in-laic. 

societas,  talis,  f.,  partnership. 

socius,  (ii),  m.,  ally,  comrade; 
socii,  often,  the  provincials. 

sol,  is,  m.,  snn. 

soleo,  ere,  solitus  sum,  semi- 
dep.,  be  accustomed. 

solitiido,  dinis,  f.,  solitude. 

solum,  onhj ;  non  solum  .  .  . 
sed  etiam,  not  only  .  .  .  but 
also. 

solus,  a,  um,  alone,  only  (§  60). 

solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutus,  loose ; 
of  ships,  unmoor ;  naves  sol- 
vere, set  sail. 

somnus,  T,  m.,  slee}). 

sonitus,  lis,  m.,  sound. 

sonus,  i,  ni.,  sound. 

spati5sus,  a,  um,  roomy. 

spatium,  i  (ii),  n.,  space;  time, 
period. 

specto,  1,  look  on. 


sper5,  1,  hope,  hope  for ;  gov- 
erns  the  ace. 

spes,  spei,  f.,  hope. 

spoli5,  1,  despoil. 

Spurius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Spurius,  a 
man's  name. 

stagnum,  i,  n.,pool,  lagoon. 

statim,  at  once,  immediately. 

statua,  ae,  f.,  statue. 

statuo,  ere,  ui,  iitus,  decide. 

statiira,  ae,  f.,  stature,  height. 

stilus,  i.  m..  stilus ;  pen. 

sto.  are,  steti.  statiirus,  stand. 

strenuus,  a,  um,  energetic. 

stultitia,  ae,  f . .  folly. 

suadeo.  ere,  suasi,  suasiirus, 
urge,  advise. 

sub,  prep.  w.  ace.  and  abl. 
(§  143).  under. 

subdiico,  ere,  duxi.  ductus, 
vnthdraiv,  lead  away ;  snatch 
aicay. 

subeo,  ire,  ii,  itiirus,  approach 
(§  132). 

subigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  sub- 
due. 

subito,  suddenly. 

sublevo.  1,  relieve. 

sublimis,  e,  high,  lofty  ;  in  sub- 
lime, on  high. 

submitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 
send,   despatch. 

subrideo.  ere.  risi,  risum,  smile. 

subsidium,  i  (ii),  i\.,  assistance. 

succedo.  ere,  cessi,  cessiirus, 
foUoiv,  succeed. 

sui,  self,  oneself  (§  85,  1). 

sum,  esse,  fui,  futurus,  be. 

summus,  a.  um.  highest,  great- 
est, top  of  (§  241,  1);  sup.  of 
superus  (§  73,  2). 


sumo 


164 


Thebae 


sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptus, 
take. 

super,  prep.  w.  ace,  above. 

superbia,  ae,  f.,  pride.,  haughti- 
ness. 

superbus,  a,  um,  proud., 
haughty. 

superior,  us,  higher.,  upper; 
comp,    of     superus     (§    73, 

2). 
supero,    1,    overcome.,    defeat, 

surpass  ;    he  superior  to. 
supersum,  esse,  fui,  remain.,  he 

over.,  he  left;  survive  (§  125). 
supervenio,  ire,  veni,  ventum, 

come  up,  arrive. 
supplicium,  i  (ii),  n.,  torture., 

punishment. 
supra,  prep.  w.  ace,  ahove. 
supremus,    a,    um,    superl.    #f 

superus  (§  73,  2). 
suscipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus,  un- 
dertake, receive. 
suspicio,  onis,  f.,  suspicion. 
suspicor,  ari,  atus  sum,  suspect. 
sustine5,  ere,  ui,  tentus,  icith- 

stand. 
sustuli,  perf.  ind.  act.  of  tollo. 
suus,    a,    um,    his;    her;    its; 

their. 
Syraciisae,  arum,  f.,  Syracuse, 

a  city  of  Sicily. 
Syraciisanus,    i,    m.,    a   Syra- 

cusan. 

T.,  abbreviation  of  Titus, 
talentum,  i,  n.,  a  talent  (about 

a 1200). 

talis,  e,  siich. 

tam,  so  (of  degree). 

tamen,  nevertheless,  yet. 


Tanaquil,    ilis,    f.,    Tanaquil, 

wife  of  Tarquinius  Priscus. 
tandem,  at  length. 
tangd,  ere,  tetigi,  tactus,  touc\. 
tantum     (n.     of    tantus),     so 

much. 
tantus,  a,  um,  so  great. 
tardo,  1,  retard,  check. 
Tarentinus,  a,  um,  Tarentine. 
Tarentum,  i,  n.,   Tarentum,  a 

city. 
Tarpeia,    ae,    f.,     Tarpeia,    a 

woman's   name. 
Tarpeius,  a,  um,  Tarpeian. 
Tarquinii,  orum,  m.  pi,,   Tar- 

quinii,  a  city. 
Tarquinius,  i  (ii),m.,  Tarquin, 

a  Roman  king. 
tectum,  i,  n.,  roof. 
Telesinus,  i,  m.,   Telesinus,  a 

man's  name, 
telum,  i,  n.,  javelin. 
temere,  rashly. 
tempestas,  tatis,  f.,  tempest. 
templum,  i,  n.,  temple. 
tempto,  1,  attempt,  make  trial 

of 
tempus,  oris,  n.,  tiine. 
tendo,     ere,     tetendi,     tentus, 

stretch ;  stretch  one''s  course, 

go. 
teneo,  ere,  ui,  hold. 
tergum,  i,  n.,  hack;  a  tergo, 

from  hehind. 
terra,  ae,  f.,  land,  a  land. 
terreo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  frighten. 
territorium,  i  (ii),  n.,  territory. 
terror,  oris,  m.,  terror,  fear. 
tertius,  a,  um,  third. 
testiid5,  inis,  f.,  tortoise. 
Thebae,  arum,  f.  pi.,  Thebes, 


Thebanus 


165 


turbo 


Thebanus,  a,  um,  IVieban,  subs. 

a  Theban. 
Themistocles,  is,  ni.,  Themis- 

tocles,    an   Athenian    states- 
man. 
Tiberis,  is,  m.,  Tiber. 
timeo,  ere,  ui,  fear. 
timidus,  a,  um,  timid. 
timor,  oris,  m,,  fear. 
tintinnabulum,  i,  n.,  bell. 
titulus,  i,  in.,  placard. 
Titus,    i,    m.,    Titus,  a  man's 

name, 
tollo,    ere,    sustuli.     sublatus, 

raise ;  take,  take  away  {^  129). 
tonitrus,  iis,  m.,  thunder. 
tono,  are,  tonui,  thunder. 
Torquatus,  i,  m.,  Torquatus,  a 

man's  name, 
torquis,  is,  m.,  necklace. 
tot,  inclecl.,  so  many. 
totus,    a.    um,    whole,    entire 

(§  06). 
tracto,  1,  treat. 
trad5,    ere,    tradidi,    traditus, 

hand  over;   se  tradere,  sur- 
render. 
tradijc5,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  lead 

across. 
traicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectus  (orig, 

transitive,  throw  across,  send 

across),  cross  over. 
trans,  prep.  ^Yith  ace,  across. 
transe5,    ire,    ii,    itus,    cross; 

cross  over. 
transfero,    ferre,    tuli,     latus, 

transfer. 
transfigo,     ere,     fixi,      fixus, 

pie7xe. 
transigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  pass, 

spend. 


transilio,  ire,  ui,  leap  over. 
transmarinus,    a,    um,    across 

the  sea,  from  across  the  sea. 
transno,  1,  swim  across. 
transports,  1,  transport. 
trecentesimus,    a,    um,    thi'ee 

hundredth. 
trecenti,  ae,  a,  three  hundred. 
tredecim,  indecl.,  thirteen. 
tres,  tria,  three  (§  80,  3). 
Treveri,  orum,  m.  pi.,  Treveri, 

a  tribe  of  Belgians, 
tribunus,  i,  m.,  tribune,  officer 

of  a  Koman  legion ;    also   a 

tribune  of  the  plebs. 
tribuo,    ere,   ui,    utus,   assign, 

airard ;  grant. 
tribiitum.  i,  n.,  tax. 
tricesimus,  a,  um,  thirtieth. 
triduum.  i,  n.,  three  days. 
trigemini,  orum,  m.  pi.,  triplets. 
triginta,  indecl.,  thirty. 
triumphs,    1,    celebrate   a  tri- 
umph. 
Troja,  ae,  f.,  Troy. 
Trojanus,   a.   um,    Trojan;  as 

subs.,  a  Trojan. 
trux,  gen.  trucis,  savage. 
tu,  tui.  thou,  you  (§  84). 
tuba,  ae,  f.,  trumpet. 
tubicen,  inis,  m.,  trumpeter. 
tueor,  eri,  guard,  watch. 
Tullia,  ae,  f.,  Tullia,  a  woman's 

name. 
Tullus  Hostilius,  Tulli  Hostili 

(ii),    m.,    Tullus   Hostilius, 

third  king  of  Rome, 
tum,  then,  at  that  time. 
tumultus,  lis,  ni.,  uprising. 
tunc,  then. 
turbo,  1,  disturb. 


turbulentus 


166 


verbum 


turbulentus,  a,  um,  disturbed, 

muddy. 
turpis,  e,  base. 
turris,  is,  f.,  toicer  (§  38). 
Tusculum,  i,  n.,  Tuscuhim,  a 

town  in  Latium. 
tutor,  oris,  m.,  guardian. 
tutus,  a,  um,  safe. 
tuus,  a,  um,  thy,  your  (§  86). 
tyrannus,  i,  m.,  tyrant. 

liber,  eris,  n.,  udder. 

ubi,  rel.  and  interr.  adv.,  ivhere ; 
when. 

Ubii,  orum,  m,,  Ubii,  a  Gallic 
tribe. 

ubique,  everywhere. 

ulciscor,  i,  ultus  sum,  avenge. 

uUus,  a,  um,  any  (§  06). 

ulterior,  us,  farther,  more  dis- 
tant (§  73,  1). 

ultra,  prep.  w.  ace,  beyond. 

umquam,  ever. 

una,  together. 

unde,  whence. 

iindequinquaginta,  indecl.,  for- 
ty-nine. 

undique,  from  all  parts. 

unguentum,  i,  \\.,  perfume. 

unguis,  is,  m.,  talon. 

ungula,  ae,  f.,  talon. 

unus,  a,  um,  one,  alone  (§  06). 

urbanitas,  atis,  wit. 

urbs,  urbis,  f.,  city. 

Usipetes,  um,  m.,  Usip)etes,  a 
German  tribe. 

iisque,  even. 

usus,  us,  m.,  use,  service. 

ut,  that,  in  order  that;  with 
verbs  of  fearing,  that  not; 
denoting  time,  as,  when. 


uter,  tra,  trum,  interrog.  pron., 

which  (of  two)  f. 
uterque,    utraque,    utrumque, 

gen.    utriusque    (cf.    §  ^Q), 

each  (of  two);  in  pi.,   both 

(of  two  parties). 
utilis,  e,  advantageous. 
utinam,  affirmative  particle. 
iitor,  i,  iisus  sum,  use  (§  218,  1). 
utrum,  whether. 
uva,  ae,  f.,  bunch  of  grapes. 
uxor,  oris,  f.,  ivife. 

vadum,  i,  n.,  ford. 
vagitus,  lis,  m.,  crying. 
valeo,  ere,  ui,  valitiirus,  avail, 

prevail. 
Valerius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Valerius,  a 

man's  name. 
validius,  more  vigorously,  comp. 

of  valde. 
vallis,  vallis,  1,  valley. 
vallum,  i,  n.,  intrenchment. 
vasto,  1,  lay  -waste. 
Vatinius,  i  (ii),  Vatinius. 
Vejentanus,  a,  um,  Veientine. 
Vejentes,   ium,   m.,  Veientines 

(inhabitants  of  Veii). 
vendo,  ere,  didi,  ditus,  sell. 
venenum,  i,  n.,  poison. 
Veneti,  orum,  ni.  pi.,  Veneti,  a 

Gallic  tribe. 
venio,  ire,  veni,  veutum,  come. 
venter,  tris,  m.,  stomach. 
ventus,  i,  n\.,  wind. 
ver,  veris,  n.,  spring. 
Veragri,    orum,    m.,    pi.,    the 

Veragri,  a  Gallic  tribe, 
verber,  eris,  n.,  blow. 
verbero,  1,  beat,  strike.    . 
verbum,  i,  n.,  word. 


vereor 


167 


Xanthippus 


vereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  fear. 

vero,  indeed;  hut. 

versor,  ari,  atus  sum,  he  en- 
gaged in. 

verto,  ere,  verti,  versus,  turn; 
terga  vertere,  flee. 

vescor,  i,  feed  upon. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.,  the  goddess  Vesta. 

Vestalis,  is,  adj.,  Vestal. 

vester,  vestra,  vestrum,  your. 

Veturia.  ae,  f.,  Veturia^  a 
woman's  name. 

Veturius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Veturius,  a 
man's  name. 

vetus,  gen.  veteris,  old,  long- 
standing. 

vexo,  1,  harass,  annoy  ;  ravage. 

via,  ae,  f.,  way,  road. 

vicesimus,  a,  um,  twentieth. 

victor,  oris,  m.,  victor. 

victoria,  ae.  f.,  victory. 

vicus,  i,  m.,  village. 

video,  ere,  vidi,  visus,  see ;  in 
pass.,  he  seen  ;  seem,  appear. 

vigilia,  ae,  f.,  icatch  (of  the 
night);  guard. 

vTginti.  indecl.,  twenty. 

vincio,  ire,  vinxi,  vinctus,  hind, 
tie. 

vinco,  ere,  vici,  victus,  con- 
quer. 

vinculum,  i,  n.,  chain. 

vindex,  icis,  m.,  champion. 

vindico.  1,  claim. 

vinea.  ae,  f.,  vineyard,  trellis. 

vinum,  i,  n.,  wine. 

vir,  i,  m.,  man. 

vires,  pi.  of  vis  (§  41). 


virga,  ae,  f.,  rod,  sivitch. 

Virginia,  ae,  f.,  Virginia,  a 
woman's  name. 

Virginius,  i  (ii),  m.,  Virginius, 
a  man's  name. 

virgo,  inis,  f.,  virgin,  maiden. 

virgula.  ae,  f.,  rod. 

virtiis,  tiitis,  f.,  valor,  virtue. 

vis,  vis,  f.  (ace.  vim),  violence  ; 
numher ;  vim  facere,  do  vio- 
lence, violate  ;  pi.  vires,  ium, 
strength  (§  41). 

visus,  perf.  pass,  participle  of 
video. 

vita,  ae,  f.,  life. 

vito,  1,  avoid. 

vivo,  ere,  vixi,  victiirus,  live. 

vix,  scarcely,  with  difficulty. 

voco,  1,  ccdl,  summon;  name. 

volo,  l,fly. 

vol5,  velle,  volui,  loisJi,  he  will- 
ing (§  l.'iO). 

Volsci,  orum,  m.  pi.,  Volsci,  a 
Latin  tribe. 

volucer,  cris,  ere,  flying,  capa- 
hle  of  flight. 

Volumnia,  ae.  f.,  Volumnia,  a 
woman's  name. 

vox,  vocis,  f.,  voice,  word,  ex- 
clamation. 

vulnero,  1,  icound. 

vulnus,  eris,  n.,  wound. 

vulpes,  is,  i.,fox. 

vultus,  lis,  m.,  countenance; 
look. 

Xanthippus,  i,  m.,  Xanthippus, 
a  man's  name. 


ENGLISH-LATIN   VOCABULARY. 


abandon 


arms 


abandon,    desero,    ere,    serui,  \  although,  though,  quamquam  ; 


sertus. 

(able),  be  able,  possum,  posse, 
potui. 

absent,  be  absent,  absum,  esse, 
afiii,  afntiirus. 

accomplish,  perficid,  ere,  feci, 
fectus. 

(account),  on  account  of,  prop- 
ter, prep.  w.  ace. 

accuse,  accuso,  1. 

across,  trans,  prep,  unth  ace. 

adjudge,  judico,  1. 

administer,  administro,  1. 

advance,  progredior,  i,  gressus 
sum. 

adversary,  adversarius,  ii,  m. 

adverse,  adversus,  a,  um, 

advice,  consilium,  i  (ii),  n. 

affair,  res,  rei,/. 

after  (adv.),  post. 

after  {conj.),  postquam. 

after,  post,  prep.  w.  ace. 

afterward,  postea. 

against,  contra,  prep.  lo.  ace. 

aid,  auxilium,  i  (ii),  n. 

all,  omnis,  e. 

ally,  socius,  ii,  m. 

almost,  paene. 

already,  jam. 


quamvis ;  cum. 
always,  semper. 
ambush,  insidiae,  arum,  /. 
among,  inter,  prep.  w.  ace. 
ample,  amplus,  a,  um. 
ancestors,  majores,  um,  7n. 
and,  et ;  -que  (enclitic)  ;  atque. 
announce,  nuntio,  1. 
another,  alius,  a,  ud. 
answer,  respondeo,  ere,  spondi, 

sponsum. 
any,  ullus,  a,  um  (§  66). 
anybody,   any  one,  anything, 

quisquam,   quaequam,   quid- 

quam ;  quis,  quid. 
any  you  please,  quilibet,  quae- 

libet,  quidlibet  or  quodlibet 

(§91,  1). 
appear,  videor,  eri,  visus  sum. 
appoint,  dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus  ; 

lit.,  say. 
approach,  aditus,  lis,  m. 
approach  (verb).,  appropinquo, 

1;  adeo,  ire,  ii,  itus. 
approve,  probo,  1. 
April,  of  April,  Aprilis,  e. 
Ariovistus,  Ariovistus,  i,  m. 
arm,  armo,  1. 
arms,  arma,  orum,  n. 


168 


army 


169 


brief 


army,  exercitus,  us,  m. 

army  on   the    march,   agmen, 

minis,   n. 
arrival,  adventus,  us,  m. 
arrive,  aclvenio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 

tum. 
as  long  as,  dum. 
as  soon  as,  simul  atque  (ac). 
ask,  rogo,  1. 
assault,  oppugno,  1. 
assemble  (intrans.),  convenio, 

ire,  veni,  ventum. 
assistance,    subsidium,    i    (ii), 

n.  ;  auxilium,  i  (ii),  n. 
(at  hand),  be  at  hand,  adsum, 

esse,  adfui,  adfutCirus. 
at  night,  nocturnus,  a,  um. 
at  once,  statim. 
Athens,  Athenae,  arum,  /. 
attack,  assault  (a  toion),   op- 
pugno, 1. 
attack,      adorior,     iri,      ortus 

sura, 
attempt,  tempto,  1  ;  conor,  ari, 

at  us  sum. 
authority,  auctoritas,  atis,  /. 
avert,  averto,  ere,  verti,  versus, 
avoid,  vito,  1. 
await,  exspecto,  1. 

bad,  mains,  a,  um. 

banish,  expello,  ere,  puli,  pul- 
sus. 

barbarian  (adj.),  barbarus,  a, 
um  ;  {noun),  barbarus,  i,  m. 

base,  turpis,  e. 

battle,  proelium,  i  (ii),  n. 

be,  sum.  esse,  fui.  futurus. 

be  able,  possum,  posse,  potui 
(§  126). 

bear,  fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latus. 


beast  of  burden,  jumentum,  i. 

n. 
beautiful,  pulcher,  chra,  chrum. 
because,     quod  ;     quia ;     cum 

(§  286). 
become,  fio,  fieri,  factus  sum. 
before  {jyrep.  and  adv.),  ante, 
before,  antequam,  priusquam. 
begin,  coepi,  coepisse  (§  138), 

incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus. 
beginning,  initium,  i  (ii),  n. 
behind,  post,  prpp.  lo.  ace. 
behoove,  it  behooves,  oportet, 

ere,  oportuit  (§  138,  II). 
Belgians,  Belgae,  arum,  m. 
believe,    credo,    ere,     credidi, 

creditus. 
beseech,  oro,  1. 
betake  oneself,  con  fero,  ferre, 

tuli,    collatus,    vnth   the    re- 
flexive pron. 
better,  melius. 

between,  mXew,  prop.  v\  ace. 
blame,  culpo,  are,  avi,  atus. 
blockade  (verb),  obsideo,  ere, 

sedi,  sessus. 
boat,  navis,  is,  /. 
bold,  audax,  acis. 
booty,  praeda.  ae,  /. 
born,  be  born,  nascor,  i,  natus 

sura. 
born,  natus,  a,  um. 
both,   each,   uterque,  utraque, 

utrumque. 
boundary,  finis,  is,  m. 
boy,  puer,  eri,  m. 
brave,  fortis,  e. 
bravely,  fortiter;  from  the  adj., 

fortis,  e. 
bridge,  pons,  pontis,  m. 
brief,  brevis,  e. 


#' 


bring 


170 


contend 


bring,  aff  ero,  f  erre,  attuli,  allatus. 

bring  about,  efficiO,  ere,  feci, 
fectus. 

bring  against,  infero,  ferre, 
tuli,  illfitus,  wilh  dat.  of  in- 
direct obj.  (§  187,  III).  ^ 

bring  back,  re f ero,  ferre,  rettiili, 
lams. 

bring  together,  confero,  ferre, 
contull,  collatus. 

Britain,  Britannia,  ae,  /. 

brother,  frater,  tris,  m. 

building,  aedificium,  i  (ii),  n. 

by  (^of  personal  agent)  ^  a,^  ab, 
prep.  IV.  abl. 

Caesar,  Caesar,  is,  m. 

calamity,  calauiitas,  atis,  /. 

call  (name),  appello,  1. 

call  (summon),  voco,  1. 

call  together,  convoco,  1. 

camp,  castra,  orum,  n. 

can  {be  able),  possum,  posse, 
potui. 

captive,  captlvus,  i,  m. 

capture,  expugno,  1 ;  capio,  ere, 
cepi,  captus. 

Cato,  Cato,  onis,  m. 

cause,  causa,  ae,  /. 

cavalry,  equites,  um,  m.  pi.  of 
eques,  itis ;  of  cavalry, 
equestrian,  equester,  tris,  tre. 

cease,  desisto,  ere,  destiti. 

certain,  certain  one,  quldam, 
quaedam,  quiddara  or  quod- 
dam  (§91). 

certainly  (in  answers),  sane. 

change  {noun),  comuiutatid, /. 

charge,  be  in  charge,  praesum, 
esse,  fui,  construed  with  dat. 
(§  187,  II,  a). 


charge,  put  in  charge,  praeficiO, 

ere,    feci,    fectus,    construed 

with  dat.  (§  187,  III), 
check,  tardo,  1. 
chief,  princeps,  ipis,  m. 
children,  llberi,  5rum,  m. 
choose,  deligo,  ere,  legi,  lectus. 
circumstance,  res,  el,  /. 
citizen,    fellow-citizen,     civis, 

is,  c. 
city,  urbs,  urbis,  /. 
coast,  ora,  ae,  /. 
cohort,  cohors,  rtis,  /. 
come,  venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum. 
come  together,   convenio,  ire, 

veni,  ventum. 
command  {noun),  mandatum, 

1,  n. 
command  {verb),  impero,  1. 
commander,  iuiperator,  oris,  m. 
common,  communis,  e. 
compel,   cogo,  ere,    coegi,    co- 

actus. 
complain,    queror,    i,    questus 

sum. 
concern,  it  concerns,  interest, 

esse,  fuit. 
concerning,  de,  prep.  iv.  abl. 
condition,  condicio,  onis,/. 
confer,    coUoquor,    i,    lociitus 

sum. 
conference,  colloquium,  i(ii),  n. 
confidence,  fiducia,  ae,  /. 
conquer,  vinco,  ere,  vici,  victus. 
consider,     arbitror,     ari,    atus 

sum. 
consul,  consul,  is,  m. 
consult  (with),  dellbero,  1. 
consume,  consumo,  ere,  sumpsi, 

sumptus. 
contend,  dimico,  1. 


contented 


171 


else 


contented,  contentus,  a,  urn. 
controversy,    controversia,    ae, 

/• 
conversation,  sermo,  onis,  m. 

council,  concilinm,  i  (ii),  n. 

country,  native  country,  patria, 

ae,  f. 
courageous,  audax.  acis. 
courageously,    audacter,   from 

adj.  audax,  acis. 
cowardly,  ignavus,  a,  urn. 
Crassus,  Crassus,  i,  m. 
crime,  scelus,  eris,  n. 
cross,  transeo,  ire,  ii,  iturus. 
custom,  mos,  moris,  m. 

danger,  perTculum,  I,  n. 

dare,   audeo,  ere,   ausus  sum, 

semi -de p. 
Darius,  Darius,  ii,  m. 
daughter,  filia,  ae,  /. 
day,  dies,  ei,  m. 
death,  mors,  mortis,  /. 
decide,  constituo,  ere,  ul,  utus. 
decree,    decerno,     ere,     crevi, 

cretus. 
deep,  altus,  a,  um. 
defeat,  supero,  1. 
defend,    defendo,    ere,    fendl, 

fensus. 
delay,  mora,  ae,  /. 
deliberate,  deliberd,   are,  avi, 

atus. 
delight,  delecto,  1. 
demand,  impero,  1  ;  flagito,  1. 
depart,  abeo,  ire,  ii,  iturus. 
depth,  altitude,  in  is,  /. 
deserter,  perfuga,  ae,  m. 
deserve,   mereor,  eri,   meritus 

sum. 
desire,  wish,  opto,  1. 


despise,    despicio,    ere,   spexi, 

spectus. 
determine,  constituo,  ere,   ui, 

utus. 
difficult,  difficilis,  e. 
dignity,  dignitas,  atis,  /. 
diligence,  diligentia,  ae,  /. 
disaster,  clades,  is,  /. 
discipline,  dlsciplina,  ae.  /. 
discover,  reperio,  ire,  repperi, 

repertus. 
dismiss,    dimitto,    ere,     misi, 

missus. 
dissension,  dissensio,  onis,  /. 
distant,    be    distant,    absum, 

esse,  afui,  afuturus. 
ditch,  fcssa,  ae,  /. 
do.  facio,  ere,  feci,  factus. 
Domitius,  Domitias,  i,  (ii),  m. 
doubt,  be  in  doubt,  dubito,  1. 
draw  up.  instruo,  ere,  struxi, 

structus. 
drive  back,  repello,   ere,   rep- 

puli,  repulsus. 
drive   out,  expello,    ere,    pull, 

pulsus. 
duty,  ofBcium,  i  (ii),  n. 

each,  quisque,  quaeque,   quid- 

que. 
each  (of  two),  uterque,  utraque, 

utrunique. 
each  other,  sui,  sibi,  se;   also 

nos,     vos     tised     reflexively 

(§  244,  5). 
eager,  alacer,  alacris,  alacre. 
easily,   facile,  from   adj.    faci- 

lis,  e. 
easy,  facilis,  e. 
eighty,  octoginta. 
else,  alius,  a,  ud. 


embankment 


1T2 


forage 


embankment,  agger,  eris,  m. 
embassy,  legatio,  onis,  /. 
encourage,  confirmo,  1. 
endeavor,  conor,  ari,  atus  sum, 

dep. 
end     of,     extremus,     a,     um 

(§241,1). 
endure,    perfero,     ferre,     tuli, 

latus. 
enemy    (in    military    sense), 

hostis,   is,    c;  (collectively), 

hostes,  iiim,  m. 
enemy  (personal),  inimicus,  i, 

m. 
enjoy,  fruor,  I  (§  218,  1). 
enough,  satis  (§  201,  2). 
enter,  enter  upon,  ineo,  ire,  ii, 

itiirus. 
entreat,  obsecro,  1. 
envoy,  legatus,  i,  m. 
escape,  effugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugi- 

tHrus. 
especially,  maxime  (§  77,  1). 
establish,  confirmo,  1. 
even,  etiam. 
not  even,  ne  .  .  .  quidem,  lOiY/i 

the  emphatic  word  or  phrase 

between. 
ever,  always,  semper. 
ever  (at  any  time),  umquam. 
(evident)  it  is  evident,  constat 

(§138). 
exhaust,    wear    out,    conficio, 

ere,  feci,  fectus. 
expect,  exspecto,  1. 
explore,  explore,  1. 

fail,  desum,  deesse,  defui. 
family  (stock),  genus,  eris,  n. 
far  (adv.),  longe. 
farmer,  agricola,  ae,  m. 


farther     (adj.),     ulterior,     us 

•(§73,1). 
father,  pater,  patris,  m. 
fatherland,  patria,  ae,  /. 
favor,  beneticium,  i  (ii),  n. 
fear  (noun),  timor,  oris,  m. 
fear  (verb),  timeo,  ere,  ui. 
fellow-citizen,  civis,  is,  c. 
fertile,  feras,  acis. 
few,  pauci,  ae,  a, 
field,  ager,  agri,  to. 
fiercely,  acriter ;  from  the  adj., 

acer,  acris,  acre, 
fifteen,  quindecim. 
fight,  piigno,  1. 
fill,  fill  up,  compleo,  ere,  evi, 

etus. 
find,  find   out  (by  searching), 

reperio,    Ire,    repperi,  reper- 

tus. 
find  (come  upon),  invenio,  ire, 

veni,  ventus, 
first,  adj.,  primus,  a,  um. 
first,  adv.,  primum, 
fit  out,  equip,  instruo,  ere,  uxi, 

uctus. 
five,  quinque. 
flee,  flee  from,  fugio,  ere,  fugi, 

fugitiirus. 
flee  for  refuge,  confugio,  ere, 

fugi,  fugiturus. 
fleet,  classis,  is,  /. 
(following),  on  the  following 

day,  postridie. 
follow  up,  consector,  ari,  atus 

sum. 
fond,  fond  of,  cupidus,  a,  um. 
foot,  pes.  pedis,  m. 
for  (in  behalf  of),  pro, prep.  w. 

abl. 
forage,  pabulum,  I,  n. 


force 


173 


Helvetii 


force  (verb),  cogo,  ere,  coegi, 

coactus. 
forces,  copiffi,  arum,  /. 
ford,  vadum,  !,  n. 
forest,  silva,  ae,  /. 
forget,     obliviscor,    i,    oblitus 

sum. 
form  (a  plan),  ineo,  ire,  inii, 

initus. 
fort,  castellum,  i,  n. 
fortify,  munio,  ire,  ivi,  itus. 
fortunate,  felix,  icis. 
fortune,  f ortiina,  ae,  /. 
fortune  (in  sense  of  property) , 

fortiinae,  arum,  /. 
four,  quattuor. 
free  (adj.),  liber,  a,  um. 
free,  set  free,  libero,  1. 
frequent,  creber,  bra,  brum, 
friend,  amicus,  i,  m. 
friendship,  amicitia,  ae,  /. 
frighten,  perterreo,  ere,  uT,  itus. 
from,  a,  ab,  prep.  vj.  abl. 
from,  out  of.  e,  ex.  prep.  lo.  abl. 
from  (=  of),  icitJi  verbs  of  cle- 

ynanding,  etc.,  a,  ab. 
from,  after  verbs  of  hindering, 

etc.,  quominus,  ne. 
from  all  sides,  undique. 
front  (adj.),  primus,  a,  um. 

Galba,  Galba,  ae.  m. 
garrison,  praesidium,  i  (ii),  n. 
gate,  porta,  ae,  /. 
Gaul  (a  Gaul),  Gallus,  i,  m. 
Gaul  (the country), G?^^\\?i,  ae,/. 
Geneva.  Geneva,  ae,  /. 
German,    Germ  anus,    a,    um ; 

Germanus,  i,  m. 
Germany,  Germania,  ae,  /. 
get  ready  («m?is.),paro,  1. 


gift,  donum,  i,  n. 

give,  do,  dare,  dedi,  datus. 

glad,  lactus,  a,  um. 

go.  ed,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itum  (§  132). 

go  around,   circumeo,   ire,    ivi 

(ii),  itus  (§  132). 
go  away,  abeo,  ire,  ii,  itiirus. 
God,  deus,  i,  m. 
good,  bonus,  a,  um. 
go  out,  exeo,  ire,  exii,  exitu- 

rus. 
grain,  friimentum,  i,  n. 
great,  magnus,  a,  um  (§  72). 
greatest    (of  qualities),  sum- 

mus,  a,  um. 
greatly,  magnopere; 
grief,  dolor,  oris,  m. 
(ground),  on  the  ground  that, 

quod. 
guard,  watch,  servo,  1 ;  tueor, 

eri. 

Haedui,  Haedui,  orum,  m. 
happen,  be  done,  fio,  fieri,  fac- 

tus  sum. 
happen,  it  happens,  it  befalls, 

impersonal,  accidit,  ere,  ac- 

cidit. 
happy,  felix,  icis. 
harass,  vexo,  are,  avi,  atus, 
harbor,  portus,  us,  m. 
harm,  detrimentum,  i,  n. 
hasten,    contendo,    ere,    endi, 

entum. 
hate,  odi,  odisse  (§  133). 
have,  habeo,  ere,  ui,  itus. 
he,  is  (ea,  id)  (§  87). 
hear,  audio,  ire,  ivi,  itus. 
heart,  courage,  animus,  i,  m. 
help,  auxilium,  i  (ii),  n. 
Helvetii,  Helvetii,  orum,  m. 


her 


174 


lead 


her,  Sims,  a,  um  (§  86,  1),  re- 
flexive. 
here,  hie. 

high,  altus,  a,  um, 
highest    {of   qualities),    sum- 

inus,  a,  um. 
hill,  collis,  is,  m. 
himself,  herself,  etc.,  sui,  sibi, 

se,  reflexive. 
hinder,   impede,   impedio,  ire, 

ivi,  itus. 
his,  suLis,  a,  um,  reflexive. 
home,  domus,  us  (§  49,  4)  ;  at 

home,  domi  (§  232,  2). 
home  (to  one's  home),  domum 

(§  182,  1,  h).  _ 
honor,  honor,  oris,  m. 
hope,  spes,  ei,  /. 
horse,  equus,  T,  m. 
horseman,  eques,  itis,  m. 
hostage,  obses,  idis,  c. 
hostile,  inimicus,  a,  um. 
house,  domus,  iis,  /. 
how  many,  quot,  indecl. 
how  much,  followed  by  gen.  of 

the  v)hole  (§  201, 2) ,  quantum. 
hundred,  centum. 
hurry,    contendo,    ere,    tendi, 

tentum. 

I,  ego,  mei. 

if,  si,  coiij. 

immediately,  statim. 

in,  in,  prep.  iv.  abl. 

inasmuch  as,  quoniam  (§280,1). 

increase   (trans.),   augeo,   ere, 

auxi,  auctus. 
infantry,  pedites,  um,  m. 
influence,  auctdritas,  atis,  /. 
inform,    certiorem    facio,    ere, 

feci,  factus. 


be  informed,  certior  fio,  fieri, 

factus  sum, 
inhabit,  incolo,  ere,  colui,  cul- 

tus. 
inhabitant,  incola,  ae,  m. 
injure,    noceo,   ere,  ui,  ittirus, 

inith  the  dat.  (§  187,  II,  a). 
into,  in,  prej).  w.  ace. 
island,  insula,  ae,  /. 
Italy,  Italia,  ae,  /. 

javelin,  telum,  i,  n. 

join    (battle),    committo,    ere, 

misi,  missus. 
journey,  iter,  itineris,  n. 
joyful,  laetus,  a,  um. 

Kalends,  Kalendae,  arum,  /. 
keep  off,  away,  ward  off,  pro- 

hibeo,  ere,  ui,  itus. 
kill,    interficio,    ere,  feci,  fec- 

tus. 
kind,  modus,  i,  m. 
kindness,  beneficium,  i  (ii),  n. 
king,  rex,  regis,  m. 
know,  scio,  ire,  ivi,  itus. 

labor,  labor,  oris,  m. 

lack,  be  lacking,  desum,  deesse, 

defui  (§  125). 
land,  ager,  agri,  m. 
land  {as  opposed  to  the  water), 

terra,  ae.  /. 
large,  magnus.  a,  um  (§  72). 
last,  last  part  of,   limiting  a 

noun,      extremus,      a,      um 

(§241,    1). 
last  (of  time),  ultiuuis  (§  73, 1). 
law,  statute,  lex,  legis,/. 
lay  waste,  vasto,  1. 
lead,  duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus. 


lead 


175 


narrow  pass 


lead,  lead  out,  lead  away,  de-  j 
duco,  ere,  duxl,  ductus.  | 

lead  across,  traduco,  ere,  duxl, 
ductus. 

lead  back,   reduce,  ere,  duxl, 
ductus. 

leader,  dux,  ducis.  c. 

lead   forth,    edCico,   ere,  duxl, 
ductus. 

leave,  leave  behind,  relinquo, 
ere,  liqui,  lictus. 

legion,  legio,  onis,  /. 

lend  {help),  fero,  ferre,  tuli, 
latus. 

Lentulus,  Lentulus,  I,  m. 

less,  minus. 

lest,  ne. 

let  go,  dimitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus. 

letter  (an  epistle),  litterae, 
arum,  /. 

liberty,  libertas,  atis,  /. 

lieutenant,  legatus,  i,  in. 

life,  vita,  ae,  /. 

light,  levis,  e ;  light-armed, 
expedltus,  a,  um. 

like,  similis,  e. 

line  of  battle,  acies,  el,  /. 

little,  parvus,  a,  um. 

little  (a  little),  paulum. 

long  (adj.),  longus,  a,  um. 

long  (adv.),  diu. 

lose,  amitto,  ere,  misi,  missus. 

love,  amo,  are,  avi,  atus. 

loyalty,  fides,  el,  /. 

Lucretia,  Lucretia,  ae,  /. 

make,  facio,  ere,  feci,  factus. 

make  (somebody  or  something 
safe,  hold,  clear,  etc.),  reddo, 
ere,  reddidi,  redditus. 


man,  homo,  inis,  c,  the  general 
term;  man  as  opposed  to 
looman,  or  as  a  complimen- 
tary designation,  vir,  viri,  m. 

manners,  mores,  um,  m. 

many,  multl,  ae,  a  ;  very  many, 
■  complures,  a  ;  gen.,  conjplu- 
rium. 

march  (noun),  iter,  itineris,  n. 

march  (verb),  iter  facere,  lit., 
mal'e  a  march. 

march  forth,  out,  egredior,  i, 
gressus  sum. 

Marcus.  Marcus,  T,  m. 

maritime,  maritimus,  a,  um. 

Marseilles,  Massilia,  ae,/. 

matchless,  singularis,  e. 

meanwhile,  interea. 

memory,  memoria,  ae.  /. 

messenger,  nuntius,  I  (ii),  m. 

middle  (of),  medius,  a,  um 
(§241,  1). 

mile,  mille  passus,  lit.,  thou- 
sand paces ;  pi. ,  millia  pas- 
suum. 

mind,  mens,  mentis,  /. 

money,  pecuuia,  ae,/. 

month,  mensis,  is,  m. 

more  (adv.),  magis. 

more  (substantive),  plus,  plu- 
ris,  n. 

most,  plerique,  aeque,  aque. 

mountain,  mons,  mentis,  m. 

move,  moveo,  ere,  movi,  motus. 

much,  multus,  a,  um. 

multitude,  multitudo,  inis,/. 

my,  meus,  a,  um. 

name,  nomen,  inis,  n. 
narrow,  angustus,  a,  um. 
narrow  pass,  angustiae,  arum,  /; 


naval 


176 


persuade 


naval,  navalis,  e. 

nearest,     proximus,     a,      um 

(§73,    1). 
necessary,  it  is  necessary,  ne- 

cesse  est. 
necessary  (there  is  need),  opus 

(est). 
need,  there  is  need,  opus  est 

(§  218,  2). 
neglect,     neglego,     ere,     lexi, 

lectus. 
neighboring,  finitimus,  a,  um. 
never,  numquam. 
next,  proximus,  a,  um   (§  73, 

1;    192,  1). 
no,  nullus,  a,  um  ;  in  answers, 

see  §  162,  5,  b. 
no    one,    nemo,    dat.    nemini, 

ace.  nemiuem  ;  gen.  and  abl., 

"wanting, 
noble,  nobilis,  e. 
not,  non  ;  ne. 
(not),  is  not?  does  not?  etc., 

nonne  (§  162,  2). 
not  even,  ne  .  .  .  quidem,   loith 

the  emphatic  word  beticeen. 
notice,  animadverto,  ere,  verti, 

versus, 
not  yet,  nondum. 
nothing,  nihil,  indecl. 
now  {at  the  present  time^ ,  nunc, 
number,  numerus,  i,  m. 

obstruct,   obstruo,   ere,  struxi, 

structus. 
occur,  flo,  leri,  f actus  sum. 
of,    concerning,    de,    prep.    iv. 

abl. 
often,  saepe. 
old,  vetus,  eris. 
on,  in,  2:)rep.  iv.  abl. 


on  all  sides,  undique,  adv. 

one,  unus,  a,  um. 

one  .  .y.  another,   alius . . .  alius  ; 

the  one  .  .  .  the  other,  alter 

...  alter. 
onset,  impetus,  us,  m. 
opinion,  opinio,  onis,  /. 
opportune,  opportunus,  a,  um. 
opportunity,  occasio,  onis,  /. 
order,  demand,  impero,  1. 
order,    command,    jubeo,    ere, 

jussi,    jussus. 
Orgetorix,  Orgetorix,  Igis,  m. 
other,  another,  alius,  a,  ud. 
other,  the  other,  alter,  a,  um. 
others,  all  the  others,   ceteri, 

ae,  a. 
ought,  debeo,  ere,  ui,  itus  ;  it 

behooves,  oportet,  ere,  opor- 

tuit. 
our,  our  own,  noster,  tra,  trum. 
overcome,  supero,  are,  avi,  atus. 
overwhelm,      opprimo,      ere, 

'  press! ,    pressus. 
owe,  debeo,  ere,  ui,  itus. 

pace  (=5  feet) ,  passus,  us,  m. 

part,  pars,  partis,  /. 

pass  (a  pass),  angustiae,  arum, 

pass  the  winter,  hiemo,  1. 
peace,  pax,  pacis,  /. 
people,  populus,  i,  m. 
perish,  intereO,   ire,   ii,   iturus 

(§  132). 
permit,    permitto,    ere,    misT, 

missus. 
(permitted),   it  is  permitted, 

licet,  ere,  licuit,  imp. 
persuade,  persuadeo,  ere,  suasi, 

suasum  (§  187,  II,  a). 


pity 


177 


resist 


pity,  misericordia,  ae,  /. 

pity,  it  excites  pity,  miseret, 
miserere,  miseruit,  imper- 
sonal. 

place  (noun),  locus,  I,  m. 

place  (verb),  colloco,  1. 

place  in  charge,  in  command 
over,  praeficio,  ere,  feci,  fec- 
tus,  loith  the  dat.  of  indirect 
o?>;.  (§187,  III). 

plain,  planities,  el,  /. 

plan,  consilium,  i,  ?«. 

please,  placeo,  ere,  ui,  itiirus. 

plots,  insidiae,  arum,  /. 

plunder,  diripio,  ere,  ripui, 
reptus. 

Pompey,  Pompejus,  Pompei, 
m. 

power,  potestas,  atis,  /. ;  de- 
notes the  power  that  is  vested 
in  an  official. 

powerful,  potens,  entis. 

praetor,  praetor,  oris,  7n.     " 

praise  (noun),  laus,  laudis, /. 

praise  (verb),  laudo,  1. 

precede,  antecedo,  ere,  cessi, 
cessurus. 

prefer,  malo,  malle,  malui 
(§  130). 

present,  give,  dono,  1. 

present,  be  present,  adsum, 
esse,  fui,  futurus. 

press  on,  insto,  are,  stiti. 

prevail,  valeo,  ere,  valui. 

prevent,  prohibed,  ere,  ui,  itus. 

prisoner,  captivus,  I,  m. 

pristine,  pristinus,  a,  um. 

procure,  paro.  1. 

promise,  polliceor,  eri,  itus 
sum, 

province,  provincia,  ae,  /. 


put  in  charge,  praeficio,  ere, 
feci,  fectus  (§  187,  III). 

put  to  flight,  fugo,  are,  avi, 
atus. 

quickly,   celeriter,    adv.,  from 

the  adj.,  celer,  eris,  ere. 
quite,  omnino. 

rampart,  agger,  eris,  m. 

rashly,  temere. 

ravage,  vexo,  1. 

receive,  accipio,  ere,  cepi,  cep- 

tus. 
recent,  recens,  entis. 
recollection,  memoria,  ae,/. 
reduce,  redigo,  ere,  egi,  actus, 
refuse,  recuse,  1. 
region,  regio,  onis,  /. 
regret,  it  causes  regret,  paeni- 

tet,     ere,     uit,     impersonal 

(§  138). 
remain,     maneo,     ere,    mansi, 

mansurus. 
remaining,  reliquus,  a,  um. 
remember,  bear  in  mind,  me- 

mini,  isse  (§  133). 
remind,  admoueo,  ere,  ui,  itus. 
render,  reddo,  ere,  reddidi,  red- 

ditus. 
reply,  respondeo,  ere,  respoiidi, 

responsus. 
report  (noun),  fama,  ae,/. 
report  (verb),  renuntio,  1. 
republic,  res  publica,  rei  publi- 

cae,  /. 
reputation,  fama,  ae,/. 
request,  seek,  peto,  ere,  petivi 

(ii),  itus. 
resist,  resisto,  ere,  restiti,  with 

dat.  (§  187,  II,  a). 


resolve 


178 


speak 


resolve,  constitu5,  ere,  ul,  utus. 
rest,  rest  of,  reliquus,  a,  um. 
rest,  the  rest,  ceteri,  ae,  a. 
retain,    retineo,    ere,    ui,    ten- 

tus. 
retard,  tardo,  1. 
retreat,  se  recipere  (recipio,ere, 

cepi,  ceptus). 
return  (trans.),  reddo,  ere,  red- 

didi,  redditus. 
return    (intrans.),   reverter,  i; 

redeo,  ire,  il,  itum. 
revolt,  defectio,  onis,  /. 
reward,  praemium,  i  (ii),  n. 
Rhine,  Rhenus,  i,  m. 
Rhone,  Rliodanus,  T,  m. 
right,  dexter,  tra,  trum. 
river,  flumen,  inis,  n. 
road,  iter,  itineris,  n. 
Roman,    Romanus,   a,  um ;    a 

Roman,  Romanus,  i,  m. 
Rome,  Roma,  ae,  /. 
run    forward,    procurro,     ere, 

cucurri,  cursum. 

safety,  salus,  utis,  /. 

sake,  for  the  sake,  causa,  with 

gen.;  the  gen.  ]wecedes. 
sally,  eruptio,  oiiis,  /. 
same,  idem,  eadem,  idem  (§87); 

at  same  time,  simul. 
save,  servo,  1. 
say,  dic5,  ere,  dixi,  dictus. 
scarcely,  vix. 
sea,  mare,  is,  7i. 
secretly,  clam, 
see,  video,  ere,  vidi,  vTsus. 
seek,  peto,  ere,  Ivi  (ii),  itus. 
seem,  videor,  eri,  visus  sum. 
seize,  occupo,  1. 
self,  oneself,  sui,  sibi,  se. 


self  (i.e.  I  myself,  you  yourself, 

etc.),  ipse  in  apposition  with 

the  subject  or  object. 
sell,  vendd,  ere,  vendidi,  vendi- 

tus. 
senate,  senatus,  us,  m. 
send,  mitto,  ere,  misi,  missus. 
Sequani,  Sequani,  orum,  m. 
set  free,  libero,  1. 
set  on  fire,  incendo,  ere,  end!, 

eiisus. 
set    out,    proficiscor,  i,   fectus 

sum. 
she,  ea,/.  o/is  (§  87). 
sharply,  acriter. 
shield,  scHtum,  i,  n. 
ship,  11  avis,  is,  /. 
(sides)  on  all,  undique. 
shore,  litus,  oris,  n. 
short,  brevis,  e. 
show,  praesto,  are,  stiti. 
since  (causal),  cum. 
six,  sex,  indecl. 
six  hundred,  sescenti,  ae,  a. 
size,  mfignitudo,  inis,  /. 
slave,  servus,  i,  m. 
small,  parvus,  a,  um  (§  72). 
so  (of  degree) .,  tam. 
so,  thus  (of  manner),  ita,  sic. 
so  great,  tantus,  a,  um. 
so  many,  tot,  indecl. 
soldier,  miles,  itis,  m. 
some,   something,   aliquis,  ali- 

qua,  aliquid  or  aliquod. 
some  .  .  .  others,  alii  .  .  .  alii, 
son,  filius,  i,  m. 
Spain,  riispania,  ae, /. 
spare,  parco,  ere,  peperci,  par- 

siirus  (§  187,  II,  a). 
speak,  lo(inor,  T,  locCitus  sum  ; 
dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus. 


speed 


179 


trench 


speed,  celeritas,  atis,  /. 

spend,  ago,  ere,  egi,  actus. 

standard,  signum,  i,  n. 

state,  civitas,  atis,  /. 

station,  colloco,  1. 

stone,  lapis,  idis,  n. 

straightway,  statim. 

such,  talis,  e. 

suddenly,  subito. 

suffer,  patior,  i,  passus  sum. 

suitable,  idoneus,  a,  um. 

summer,  aestas,  atis,  /. 

summon,  voco,  1. 

(superior),  be  superior  to,  su- 

pero,  1. 
supply,  copia,  ae,  /. 
surpass,  supevd,  1. 
surrender  (oneself),  dedo,  ere, 

dedidi,  deditus. 
surround,      circumvenio,      ire, 

veni,  ventus  ;  circumeo,  ire, 

ii,  itus. 
suspicion,  suspicio,  onis,  /. 
swift,  celer,  eris,  ere. 
sword,  gladius,  i  (ii),  m. 

take,   seize,    capio,    ere,    cepi, 

captus. 
take  by  storm,  expugno,  1. 
talent,  talentum,  i,  n. 
tarry,  nioror,  ari,  atus  sum. 
teach,  doceo,  ere,  ui,  doctus. 
tell,  say,  dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus. 
ten,  decem,  inded. 
terrify,  perterreo,  ere,  ui,  ter- 

ritus. 
terms,  condicio,  onis,  /. 
than,  quam,  conj. ;  see  also  §  217. 
that,  is,  ea,  id  ;  ille,  ilia,  illud. 
that  of  yours,  iste,  ista,  istud. 
that,  rel  pron.,  qui,  quae,  quod. 


that,   in   order  that,    ut ;  qui, 

quae,   quod   with   the  suhj.  ; 

with  comp.,  quo, 
that,  lest,  idth  verbs  of  fear- 

iiKj,  lie. 
that  not,  in  order  that  not,  ne. 
that  not,  with  verbs  of  fearing, 

ut, 
that  {of  result),  ut, 
that  not  (of  resnlt),  ut  non. 
that,  on  the  ground  that,  quod, 
their,  their  own,  suus,  a,  um. 
there,  ibi. 

they,  see  he,  she,  etc. 
thing,  res,  rei, /. 
think,  puto,  1, 
thirty,  triginta. 
this,  liic,  haec,  hoc, 
those,  as  antecedent  of  rel.,  ei, 

eae,  ea. 
thou,  til,  tui. 
though,    quamquam,   quamvis, 

etsi,  cum. 
thousand,    mille ;    pL,    miUia, 

ium,  n. 
three,  tres,  tria, 
'  three  days,  triduum,  i,  n. 
three  hundred,  treceuti,  ae,  a. 
thrust    out,     eicio,    ere,    ejeci, 

ejectus. 
till,  dum,  donee,  conj. 
time,  tempus,  oris,  n. 
to,  ad,  pi'ep.  w.  ace. 
(top)  top  of,  I'jith  a  noun,  sum- 

mus,  a.  um  (§  73,  2  ;  241,  1), 
torture,  suppliciuin,  i  (ii).  n. 
touch,  moveo.  ere,  movl,  motus. 
tower,  turris,  is,  /, 
town,  oppidum.  i,  n. 
tree,  arbor,  oris,  /. 
trench,  fossa,  ae,  /. 


tribe 


180 


withstand 


tribe,  gens,  gentis,  /. 
tribune,  tribuniis,  i,  m. 
troops,  copiae,  arum,  /. 
trust,  confldo,  ere,  fisus  sum, 

semi-dep.  (§  187,  II,  a). 
try,   make  trial,   tempto,  are, 

avi,  atus. 
twenty,  viginti. 
two,  duo,  duae,  duo. 
two  hundred,  ducenti,  ae,  a. 

uncertain,  incertus,  a,  um. 
under,  sub.,  pre}x  ic.  ahl.  or  ace. 
understand,  intellego,  ere,  lexi, 

lectus. 
unfavorable,  alienus,  a,  um. 
unharmed,  incolumis,  e. 
unite,    conjungo,     ere,    jimxT, 

jCmctus. 
until,  dum,  donee,  quoad, 
unwilling,  invitus,  a,  um ;    be 

unwilling,  nolo,  nolle,  nolui. 
uprising,  tumultus,  us,  m. 
us,  nos,  nostrum,  nostri,  pi.  of 

ego.    Cf.  §  242,  2. 
use,  utor,  i,  usus  sum. 

valor,  virtus,  utis,  /. 
Veneti,  Veneti,  orum,  m. 
very  many,  complures,  a;  gen., 

compltirium. 
victor,  victor,  oris,  m. 
victory,  victoria,  ae,  /. 
vigorous,  acer,  acris,  acre, 
vigorously,  acriter. 
village,  vicus,  i,  m. 
violence,  vis,  vis  (§41),  /. 
virtue,  virtus,  utis,  /. 
voice,  vox,  vocis,  /. 

wage,  gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestus. 


wait,  exspecto,  1, 

war,  bellum,  i,  n. 

warm,  moneo,  ere,  uT,  itus. 

watch,  vigilia,  ae,  /. 

weapons,  arma,  orum,  n. 

welcome,  gratus,  a,  um. 

well,  bene  (§  77,  1). 

what?  quis  (qui),  quae,  quid, 

(quod). 
whatever,  quisquis,  quidquid. 
when  ?  quando. 
when,  rel.,  ubi,  ut,  cum. 
whence,  unde. 
where  ?  ubi. 
where,  rel.,  ubi. 
whether,  num,  -ne. 
while,  conj..,  dum  (§  293). 
whither,  quo. 
who  ?  quis. 
who,    which,    rel.   pron..,   qui, 

quae,  quod, 
whole,  totus,  a,  um  (§  QQ). 
why  ?  cur,  quare. 
wife,  uxor,  oris,  /. 
willing,  be  willing,  volo,  velle, 

volui. 
win,  paro,  1. 
wing    (of    an    army),    cornfi, 

us,  n. 
winter,  biems,  is,  /. 
winter  quarters,  hiberna,  orum, 

n. 
wish,  volo,  velle,  volul. 
with,  cum,  prep.  iv.  ahl. 
withdraw    (trans.).,    subduco, 

ere,  duxl,  ductus. 
withdraw  (intrans.),   discedo, 

ere,  cessi,  cessurus. 
without,  sine,  prep.  w.  ahl. 
withstand,   sustineo,    ere,    ui, 

teutus. 


woman 


181 


youth 


woman,  mulier,  ieris,  /. 
word,  verbum,  I,  n. 
work  («  ivork),  opus,  eris,  n. 
worthy,  dignus,  a,  um. 
wound  (noun),  vulnus,  eris,  n. 
wound    (verb),   vuhiero,    are, 

avi,  atus. 
write,  scribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scrip- 

tus. 
wrong  (a  wrong),  injuria,  ae,  /. 


year,  annus,  i,  m. 

yes,  see  §  162,  5,  a. 

yet,  not  yet,  nondum. 

you,  tu,  tul. 

young  man,  adulescens,  entis, 

m. 
your,  your  own,  tuus,  a,  um ; 

vester,  tra,  trum. 
youth    (a   youth),   adulescens, 

entis,  m. 


14-  LA  TIN. 

A  Latin  Grammar. 

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Latin  Grammar  and  Appendix  in  one  volume.     Price,  ^1.25. 


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